Infertility and spontaneous abortion - Spontaneous abortion, habitual abortion
Etiologic factors of habitual abortion (195 couples)
| Causative factor |
1st trimester (%) |
2nd trimester (%) |
Total (%) |
| Uterine defects |
12 |
21 |
15 |
| Cervical incompetence |
3 |
30 |
13 |
| Endocrine |
7 |
1 |
5 |
| Endometrial infection |
16 |
13 |
15 |
| Chromosomal |
4 |
0 |
3 |
| Systemic disorder |
0 |
3 |
1 |
| Sperm factor |
6 |
1 |
4 |
| Excessive smoking |
1 |
0 |
0 |
| Unknown |
51 |
31 |
44 |
Stray-Pedersen B, Stray-Pedersen S. Etiologic factors and subsequent reproductive performance in 195 couples with a prior history of habitual abortion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984 Jan 15;148(2):140-6.
Edited by Aldo Campana,