Genital infections, sexually transmitted diseases

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Syphilis

Africa

• PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
  • Neurosyphilis in Africa: A systematic review [2017]

Americas

• Pan American Health Organization
  • Stakeholder Meeting to Address the Rise of Syphilis in the Region of the Americas [2022]
  • Epidemiological Review of Syphilis in the Americas, December 2021 [2022]

Australia

• Australian Family Physician
  • Syphilis, the great mimicker, is back [2009]

• Australian Journal of General Practice
  • The resurgence of syphilis in Australia [2024]

• Lancet Microbe
  • Characterisation of Treponema pallidum lineages within the contemporary syphilis outbreak in Australia: a genomic epidemiological analysis [2022]

• NSW Health
  • Syphilis control guideline

Australia, New Zealand

• Royal Australasian College of Physicians
  • Consensus Statement on the Clinical Implications of a Positive Syphilis Serology Test in the Context of a Previous Negative Syphilis Point of Care Test [2018]

Brazil

• BMC Public Health
  • Analyzing the reach of public health campaigns based on multidimensional aspects: the case of the syphilis epidemic in Brazil [2021]

• Cadernos de Saúde Pública
  • Assessment of the appropriate management of syphilis patients in primary health care in different regions of Brazil from 2012 to 2018 [2022]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Analysis of the Impact of Communication Campaigns under the Project "Syphilis No": A National Tool for Inducing and Promoting Health [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Trends of syphilis in Brazil: A growth portrait of the treponemic epidemic [2020]

• Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia
  • Syphilis detection rate trend in aged people: Brazil, 2011-2019 [2023]

• Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
  • Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected the Epidemiology of Syphilis in Brazil? [2022]

• Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
  • Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: syphilis diagnostic tests [2021]
  • Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: acquired syphilis [2021]

Canada

• Canadian Family Physician
  • Syphilis [2023]

• Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology
  • Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network laboratory guidelines for the use of serological tests (excluding point-of-care tests) for the diagnosis of syphilis in Canada [2015]
  • Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network laboratory guidelines for the use of point-of-care tests for the diagnosis of syphilis in Canada [2015]
  • Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network laboratory guidelines for the use of direct tests to detect syphilis in Canada [2015]
  • Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network laboratory guidelines for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis in Canada [2015]

• Public Health Agency of Canada
  • Infectious and congenital syphilis in Canada, 2010–2015 [2018]
  • Interim Syphilis Treatment Guidelines during the Benzathine Penicillin G (Bicillin L-A) Shortage 2016 [2016]
  • Syphilis guide: Key information and resources

• Public Health Ontario
  • Syphilis

China

• Chinese Medical Journal
  • 2019 Chinese expert consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of syphilis [2020]

• Iranian Journal of Public Health
  • Potential Predictors for Serofast State after Treatment among HIV-Negative Persons with Syphilis in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2015]

• PLoS ONE
  • The prevalence of asymptomatic neurosyphilis among HIV-negative serofast patients in China: A meta-analysis [2020]
  • Time Series Modelling of Syphilis Incidence in China from 2005 to 2012 [2016]

• Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • An expanding syphilis epidemic in China: epidemiology, behavioural risk and control strategies with a focus on low-tier female sex workers and men who have sex with men [2011]

Eastern Europe

• Journal of Global Health
  • An estimate of syphilis incidence in Eastern Europe [2012]

Ethiopia

• BMC Public Health
  • Prevalence of syphilis and associated factors among female sex workers in Ethiopia: findings from a multilevel analysis of a national bio-behavioral survey [2023]

Europe

• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
  • Syphilis - Annual Epidemiological Report 2022 [2024]
  • Syphilis and congenital syphilis in Europe - A review of epidemiological trends (2007–2018) and options for response [2019]
  • Syphilis

• EuroSurveillance
  • A proposal for changes to the European Union syphilis surveillance case definition using evidence from evaluations in Ireland [2018]

• International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • 2020 European guideline on the management of syphilis [2020]

France

• Acta Dermato-Venereologica
  • Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Treponema Pallidum Subspecies Pallidum from Patients with Early Syphilis in France [2020]

Germany

• EuroSurveillance
  • Increased incidence of syphilis in men who have sex with men and risk management strategies, Germany, 2015 [2016]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Epidemiology, Management, Quality of Testing and Cost of Syphilis in Germany: A Retrospective Model Analysis [2022]

Ghana

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Syphilis screening practices in blood transfusion facilities in Ghana [2016]

International

• BMC Public Health
  • Global, regional, and national trends of syphilis from 1990 to 2019: the 2019 global burden of disease study [2023]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Syphilis response policies and their assessments: A scoping review [2022]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Prevalence of syphilis among men who have sex with men: a global systematic review and meta-analysis from 2000–20 [2021]

• Lancet Public Health
  • The role of syphilis self-testing as an additional syphilis testing approach in key populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

• Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Improved rapid diagnostic tests to detect syphilis and yaws: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

Latin America

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Syphilis in the most at-risk populations in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review [2013]

Latin America and the Caribbean

• Pan American Health Organization
  • Guidance on Syphilis Testing in Latin America and the Caribbean: Improving Uptake, Interpretation, and Quality of Testing in Different Clinical Settings [2015]

Low and middle income countries

• International Journal of Drug Policy
  • Syphilis in Drug Users in Low and Middle Income Countries [2010]

Mongolia

• Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal
  • Increasing syphilis notifications in Mongolia: results from national surveillance for 2001–2011 [2012]

New Zealand

• Ministry of Health New Zealand
  • National Syphilis Action Plan [2019]
  • Syphilis (case definition only) [2018]

• New Zealand Sexual Health Society
  • Syphilis

Peru

• Pan American Health Organization
  • Strategies for the Elimination of Syphilis in Peru. Program Impact and Cost-Effectiveness Projections Using the Syphilis Interventions Towards Elimination (SITE) Model [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Risk Factors Associated with Incident Syphilis in a Cohort of High-Risk Men in Peru [2016]

United Kingdom

• British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
  • UK National Guidelines on the Management of Syphilis 2015 [2015]

• Health Protection Scotland
  • Syphilis in Scotland, 2018: Update [2019]

• Public Health England
  • SMI V 44: Syphilis serology

• Public Health Scotland
  • Syphilis in Scotland

• UK Health Security Agency
  • Syphilis: surveillance, data and management

United States

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
  • Screening for Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force [2022]
  • Screening for Syphilis in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults [2016]

• American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
  • Syphilis in Dermatology: Recognition and Management [2023]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • CDC Laboratory Recommendations for Syphilis Testing, United States, 2024 [2024]
  • Management of Adult Syphilis: Key Questions to Inform the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines [2022]
  • Syphilis - STI Treatment Guidelines [2021]
  • Evidence Review for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidance Development on Laboratory Testing to Detect Treponema pallidum Infection (Syphilis) [2020]
  • Increased Methamphetamine, Injection Drug, and Heroin Use Among Women and Heterosexual Men with Primary and Secondary Syphilis — United States, 2013–2017 [2019]
  • State-Specific Rates of Primary and Secondary Syphilis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men — United States, 2015 [2017]
  • Primary and Secondary Syphilis — United States, 2005–2013 [2014]
  • Syphilis

• Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Test Performance of a Rapid Point-of-Care Syphilis Treponemal Antibody Test: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2020]

• Sexually Transmitted Diseases
  • Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Persons Diagnosed With Primary and Secondary Syphilis Who Reported High-Risk Substance Use: Data From the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, 2018 [2022]

• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
  • Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Screening [2022]

United States, Western Europe

• PLoS ONE
  • Syphilis Trends among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States and Western Europe: A Systematic Review of Trend Studies Published between 2004 and 2015 [2016]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • WHO guidelines for the treatment of Treponema pallidum (syphilis) [2016]
  • Syphilis (WHO Mortality Database)
  • Syphilis

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Sexually transmitted infections
  • HIV/AIDS and syphilis
  • Congenital syphilis, syphilis in pregnancy