Obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive medicine guidelines

Prenatal screening and diagnosis

Guidelines, reviews, statements, recommendations, standards

Amniocentesis, chorionic villi sampling

• Australia
  • Women & Newborn Health Service - Western Australia
    • Diagnostic Amniocentesis [2008]
    • Chorionic Villus Sampling [2008]
• Canada
  • National Guideline Clearinghouse
    • Use of array genomic hybridization technology in prenatal diagnosis in Canada. Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada [2011]
    • Use of a DNA method, QF-PCR, in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal aneuploidies. Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada [2011]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Use of a DNA Method, QF-PCR, in the Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Aneuploidies [2011]
    • Use of Array Genomic Hybridization Technology in Prenatal Diagnosis in Canada [2011]
    • New molecular techniques for the prenatal detection of chromosomal aneuploidy [2008]
    • Mid-Trimester Amniocentesis Fetal Loss Rate [2007]
    • Amended Canadian guideline for prenatal diagnosis (2005) - Techniques for prenatal diagnosis [2005]
    • Amniocentesis and women with hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or human immunodeficiency virus [2003]
• Hong Kong
  • Hong Kong College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Guidelines for Amniocentesis and Chorionic Villus Sampling [2009]
• International
  • Cochrane Library
    • Instruments for chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis
    • Analgesia for amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling
• Sweden
  • Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care
    • QF-PCR in fetal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities [2004]
• United Kingdom
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Amniocentesis results: investigation of anxiety. The ARIA trial [2006]
  • National Guideline Clearinghouse
    • Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists [2010]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling [2010]
    • Amniocentesis (Consent Advice) [2006]
• United States of America
  • Journal of Molecular Diagnostics
    • Laboratory Guidelines for Detection, Interpretation, and Reporting of Maternal Cell Contamination in Prenatal Analyses [2011]
  • National Guideline Clearinghouse
    • Invasive prenatal testing for aneuploidy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [2007]
• WHO
  • WHO Reproductive Health Library
    • Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis [2009]
• Articles in journals
  • Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy
    • Update on Procedure-Related Risks for Prenatal Diagnosis Techniques [2010]
  • Human Reproduction Update
    • Cell-free fetal nucleic acids in amniotic fluid [2011]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Prenatal screening and diagnosis

Cystic fibrosis: prenatal screening and diagnosis

• Canada
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Cystic fibrosis carrier testing in pregnancy in Canada [2002]
• United States of America
  • American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics
    • Technical Standards and Guidelines for CFTR Mutation Testing [2006]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Prenatal screening and diagnosis
    • Cystic fibrosis

Down syndrome: prenatal screening and diagnosis

• Canada
  • Canadian Down Syndrome Society
    • Prenatal Screening for Fetal Aneuploidy: A Commentary by the Canadian Down Syndrome Society [2007]
• Sweden
  • Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care
    • Maternal serum screening for Down syndrome [2001]
    • Fetal nuchal translucency in early detection of Down´s syndrome [2001]
• United States of America
  • American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics
    • Technical Standards and Guidelines: Prenatal Screening for Down Syndrome that Includes First-Trimester Biochemistry and/or Ultrasound Measurements [2009]
  • National Guideline Clearinghouse
    • Practice guidelines for communicating a prenatal or postnatal diagnosis of Down syndrome: recommendations of the National Society of Genetic Counselors [2011]
  • National Society of Genetic Counselors
    • Practice Guidelines for Communicating a Prenatal or Postnatal Diagnosis of Down Syndrome: Recommendations of the National Society of Genetic Counselors [2011]
  • Prenatal Diagnosis
    • Prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome: a systematic review of termination rates (1995–2011) [2012]
• Articles in journals
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Serum Screening with Down's Syndrome Markers to Predict Pre-eclampsia and Small for gestational age: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. [2008]
  • British Medical Journal
    • Impact of a new national screening policy for Down's syndrome in Denmark: population based cohort study [2009]
    • Comparison of different strategies in prenatal screening for Down's syndrome: cost effectiveness analysis of computer simulation [2009]
  • Clinical Chemistry
    • Outcome Validation of the Beckman Coulter Access Analyzer in a Second-Trimester Down Syndrome Serum Screening Application [2003]
  • Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews
    • Prenatal Testing for Intellectual Disability: Misperceptions and Reality with Lessons from Down syndrome [2011]
  • Down Syndrome Research and Practice
    • Wrongful deaths and rightful lives – screening for Down syndrome [2008]
  • Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy
    • Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive detection of fetal trisomy 21 in maternal blood: a systematic review [2012]
  • Human Reproduction Update
    • An update on antenatal screening for Down's syndrome and specific implications for assisted reproduction pregnancies [2006]
• {Related topics}
  • Clinical tools, medical calculators, unit conversions, statistics, clinical research tools
    • Down syndrome risk : Clinical tools, medical calculators

Fragile X syndrome: prenatal screening and diagnosis

• Canada
  • National Guideline Clearinghouse
    • Fragile X testing in obstetrics and gynaecology in Canada. Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada [2008]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Fragile X testing in obstetrics and gynaecology in Canada [2008]
• International
  • Cochrane Library
    • Pre-conception and antenatal screening for the fragile site on the X-chromosome
• United States of America
  • American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics
    • Technical Standards and Guidelines for Fragile X [2005]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Prenatal screening and diagnosis

Maternal blood screening

• Canada
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Current status in non-invasive prenatal detection of Down syndrome, trisomy 18, and trisomy 13 using cell-free DNA in maternal plasma [2013]
    • Obstetrical complications associated with abnormal maternal serum markers analytes [2008]
    • Cell-Free Fetal DNA in the Maternal Circulation and its Future Uses in Obstetrics [2005]
• International
  • Cochrane Library
    • Biochemical tests of placental function for assessment in pregnancy
• United Kingdom
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis using cell-free DNA in maternal blood [2009]
• United States of America
  • American Association for Clinical Chemistry
    • Maternal-Fetal Risk Assessment and Reference Values in Pregnancy [2006]
  • National Guideline Clearinghouse
    • Obstetrical complications associated with abnormal maternal serum markers analytes. Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada [2008]
• Articles in journals
  • Australian Prescriber
    • Biochemical tests for abnormalities in pregnancy [2006]
  • BMC Research Notes
    • Non-invasive prenatal diagnostic test accuracy for fetal sex using cell-free DNA a review and meta-analysis [2012]
  • Early Human Development
    • Insights Into Fetal and Neonatal Development Through Analysis of Cell-Free RNA in Body Fluids [2011]
  • Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine
    • Determination of fetal chromosome aberrations from fetal DNA in maternal blood: has the challenge finally been met? [2011]
  • Human Reproduction Update
    • Non-invasive aneuploidy detection using free fetal DNA and RNA in maternal plasma: recent progress and future possibilities [2011]
  • Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry
    • Recent Advances in Fetal Nucleic Acids in Maternal Plasma [2005]
  • Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
    • Levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase one in first trimester and outcomes of pregnancy: a systematic review [2011]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Prenatal screening and diagnosis

Preimplantation diagnosis

• Canada
  • National Guideline Clearinghouse
    • Preimplantation genetic testing. Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada [2009]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Preimplantation genetic testing [2009]
• Europe
  • European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
    • ESHRE PGD consortium best practice guidelines for organization of a PGD centre for PGD/preimplantation genetic screening [2011]
    • ESHRE PGD consortium best practice guidelines for fluorescence in situ hybridization-based PGD [2011]
    • ESHRE PGD Consortium/Embryology Special Interest Group—best practice guidelines for polar body and embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening (PGD/PGS) [2011]
• Germany
  • Nationaler Ethikrat
    • Polar body diagnosis [2004]
• International
  • Cochrane Library
    • Preimplantation genetic screening for abnormal number of chromosomes (aneuploidies) in in vitro fertilisation or intracytoplasmic sperm injection
• Netherlands
  • Health Council of the Netherlands
    • Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis [2006]
• New Zealand
  • Advisory Committee on Assisted Reproductive Technology
    • Guidelines on Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis [2005]
• Singapore
  • Bioethics Advisory Committee
    • Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis [2003]
• Articles in journals
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Preimplantation genetic diagnosis [2010]
  • Canadian Medical Association Journal
    • Genetic diagnosis of embryos: Clear explanation, not rhetoric, is needed [2009]
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) on In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Websites: Presentations of Risks, Benefits and Other Information [2008]
  • Human Reproduction
    • What next for preimplantation genetic screening? A polar body approach! [2010]
    • Extending preimplantation genetic diagnosis: the ethical debate: Ethical issues in new uses of preimplantation genetic diagnosis [2003]
    • Ethical issues in new uses of preimplantation genetic diagnosis: Should parents be allowed to use preimplantation genetic diagnosis to choose the sexual orientation of their children? [2003]
  • Human Reproduction Update
    • Reproductive outcome after PGD in couples with recurrent miscarriage carrying a structural chromosome abnormality: a systematic review [2011]
    • Preimplantation genetic screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs [2011]
    • Current value of preimplantation genetic aneuploidy screening in IVF [2007]
    • Preimplantation genetic diagnosis and chromosome analysis of blastomeres using comparative genomic hybridization [2005]
  • Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
    • Methods for comprehensive chromosome screening of oocytes and embryos: capabilities, limitations, and evidence of validity [2012]
    • Preimplantation genetic screening: does it help or hinder IVF treatment and what is the role of the embryo? [2011]
    • IVF/ICSI with or without preimplantation genetic screening for aneuploidy in couples without genetic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2009]
  • Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry
    • Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis--An Overview [2005]
  • Journal of Postgraduate Medicine
    • Preimplantation diagnosis of genetic diseases [2010]
  • Journal of Zhejiang University Science B
    • Whole genome amplification in preimplantation genetic diagnosis [2011]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Prenatal screening and diagnosis
    • Ethics, jurisprudence: reproductive techniques
    • Assisted reproductive techniques

Prenatal screening and diagnosis

• Canada
  • National Guideline Clearinghouse
    • Prenatal screening for fetal aneuploidy in singleton pregnancies. Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada [2011]
    • Prenatal screening for and diagnosis of aneuploidy in twin pregnancies. Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada [2011]
    • Evaluation of prenatally diagnosed structural congenital anomalies. Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada [2009]
  • Perinatal Services BC
    • Prenatal Screening on Down Syndrome, Trisomy 18, and Open Neural Tube Defects [2011]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Counselling considerations for prenatal genetic screening [2012]
    • Prenatal screening for fetal aneuploidy in singleton pregnancies [2011]
    • Evaluation of prenatally diagnosed structural congenital anomalies [2009]
    • Carrier screening for genetic disorders in individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent [2006]
    • Genomics: New Technology for Obstetrics and Gynaecology [2005]
• Europe
  • European Commission - Public Health
    • Ethical, legal and social aspects of genetic testing: research, development and clinical applications [2004]
• Germany
  • Nationaler Ethikrat
    • Genetic diagnosis before and during pregnancy [2003]
• India
  • Indian Journal of Medical Research
    • Invasive & non-invasive approaches for prenatal diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies: Experiences from India [2011]
• International
  • Cochrane Library
    • Symphysis-fundal height measurement in pregnancy
    • Fetal movement counting for assessment of fetal wellbeing
• Italy
  • Società Italiana di Genetica Umana
    • Microarray application in prenatal diagnosis: a position statement from the cytogenetics working group of the Italian Society of Human Genetics (SIGU) [2012]
• Singapore
  • Bioethics Advisory Committee
    • Prenatal Genetic Screening and Testing [2005]
• South Africa
  • Maternal Care Manual - Perinatal Education Programme
    • Assessment of fetal growth and condition during pregnancy [2006]
• Sweden
  • Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care
    • Methods of Early Prenatal Diagnosis [2006]
• United Kingdom
  • Human Genetics Commission
    • Making Babies: reproductive decisions and genetic technologies [2006]
    • Choosing the future: analysis of responses [2005]
  • National Guideline Clearinghouse
    • Reduced fetal movements. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists [2011]
  • National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence
    • Fetal cystoscopy for diagnosis and treatment of lower urinary outflow tract obstruction [2007]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Radiology before pregnancy confirmed - query bank [2012]
    • Reduced Fetal Movements [2011]
    • Prenatal diagnosis of ichthyosis - query bank [2011]
  • Royal College of Radiologists
    • Protection of Pregnant Patients during Diagnostic Medical Exposures to Ionising Radiation [2009]
    • Pregnancy and Work in Diagnostic Imaging Departments, Second edition [2009]
• United States of America
  • American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics
    • Technical Standards and Guidelines for Reproductive Screening in the Ashkenazi Jewish Population [2008]
    • Technical Standards and Guidelines for Huntington Disease Testing [2004]
    • American College of Medical Genetics Statement on Diagnostic Testing for Uniparental Disomy [2001]
  • American College of Radiology
    • ACR–SPR Practice Guideline for the Safe and Optimal Performance of Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) [2010]
  • National Guideline Clearinghouse
    • ACR–SPR practice guideline for the safe and optimal performance of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [2010]
    • Screening for fetal chromosomal abnormalities. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [2007]
• WHO
  • WHO Reproductive Health Library
    • Routine symphysis-fundal height measurement during pregnancy [2003]
  • World Health Organization
    • Community genetics services : report of a WHO consultation on community genetics in low- and middle-income countries [2011]
• Articles in journals
  • American Family Physician
    • Fetal Chromosomal Abnormalities: Antenatal Screening and Diagnosis [2009]
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Antenatal screening – the first and second trimester [2011]
  • British Medical Journal
    • The parents' journey: continuing a pregnancy after a diagnosis of Patau's syndrome [2005]
    • In utero magnetic resonance imaging for brain and spinal abnormalities in fetuses [2005]
    • Congenital anomaly surveillance in England--ascertainment deficiencies in the national system [2005]
    • Recent developments in fetal medicine [2004]
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Prenatal genetic counseling in cross-cultural medicine: A framework for family physicians [2010]
    • Genetic screening: A primer for primary care [2010]
  • Canadian Medical Association Journal
    • Wrongful birth litigation and prenatal screening [2008]
    • Congenital abdominal wall defects [2003]
  • Clinical Chemistry
    • Fetal Laboratory Medicine: On the Frontier of Maternal–Fetal Medicine [2012]
  • Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
    • Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes after Abnormal First Trimester Screening for Aneuploidy [2010]
  • Clinics in Perinatology
    • Fetal Neurological Assessment Using Noninvasive Magnetoencephalography [2009]
  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
    • The Prenatal Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases [2010]
  • Expert Reviews
    • Proteomics in prenatal diagnosis [2009]
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Transcervical retrieval of fetal cells in the practice of modern medicine: a review of the current literature and future direction [2010]
  • Indian Pediatrics
    • Carrier Detection and Prenatal Diagnosis in Duchenne/Becker Muscular Dystrophy [2001]
  • Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry
    • First-trimester Screening: An Overview [2005]
  • Journal of Neuroradiology
    • Fetal magnetic resonance imaging in midline malformations of the central nervous system and review of the literature [2009]
  • Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada (JOGC)
    • Diagnosing Chromosomal Abnormalities From "Big" to "Small" With Molecular Cytogenetic Technology [2009]
    • Prenatal Choices for Canadian Women: Individual Choice or the Public Good? [2008]
    • Maternal Decisions Regarding Prenatal Diagnosis: Rational Choices or Sensible Decisions? [2007]
  • Malaysian Family Physicians
    • An older woman in early pregnancy: what antenatal screening is appropriate [2008]
  • NeuroRx
    • Huntington’s Disease Genetics [2004]
  • New England Journal of Medicine
    • Genomics and Perinatal Care [2012]
  • Prenatal Diagnosis
    • MR imaging of the fetal musculoskeletal system [2012]
  • RadioGraphics
    • Congenital Chest Malformations: A Multimodality Approach with Emphasis on Fetal MR Imaging [2010]
  • Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Effectiveness of fetal cystoscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic intervention for lower urinary tract obstruction: a systematic review [2011]
    • Additional information from array comparative genomic hybridization technology over conventional karyotyping in prenatal diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2011]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Prenatal ultrasound
    • Preimplantation diagnosis
    • Obstetrics, perinatology
    • Neonatal screening
    • Maternal blood screening
    • Fragile X syndrome: prenatal screening and diagnosis
    • Ethics, jurisprudence: obstetrics, gynecology
    • Down syndrome: prenatal screening and diagnosis
    • Cystic fibrosis: prenatal screening and diagnosis
    • Amniocentesis, chorionic villi sampling

Prenatal ultrasound

• Australia
  • Women & Newborn Health Service - Western Australia
    • Obstetric Ultrasound Examination [2008]
• Canada
  • Canadian Association of Radiologists
    • CAR diagnostic imaging referral guidelines - Section I: Obstetrics and gynaecology [2012]
    • CAR Standard for Performing Diagnostic Obstetric Ultrasound Examinations [2010]
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Fetal Ultrasound for Keepsake Videos [2003]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Content of a complete routine second trimester obstetrical ultrasound examination and report [2009]
    • Ultrasound evaluation of first trimester pregnancy complications [2005]
    • Obstetric ultrasound biological effects and safety [2005]
    • Fetal soft markers in obstetric ultrasound [2005]
    • The use of first trimester ultrasound [2003]
• Finland
  • National Guideline Clearinghouse
    • Ultrasound scanning during pregnancy. Finnish Medical Society Duodecim [2008]
• Hong Kong
  • Hong Kong College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Guidelines for First Trimester Ultrasound Exam: Part 2 [2004]
    • Guidelines for First Trimester Ultrasound Exam: Part 1 [2004]
• India
  • Indian Academy of Pediatrics
    • Consensus statement on management of antenatally detected hydronephrosis [2001]
• International
  • Cochrane Library
    • Ultrasound for fetal assessment in early pregnancy
    • Routine ultrasound in late pregnancy (after 24 weeks gestation)
    • High feedback versus low feedback of prenatal ultrasound for reducing maternal anxiety and improving maternal health behaviour in pregnancy
    • Amniotic fluid index versus single deepest vertical pocket as a screening test for preventing adverse pregnancy outcome
  • International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Practice guidelines for performance of the routine mid-trimester fetal ultrasound scan [2011]
• New Zealand
  • Auckland District Health Board
    • Postnatal Management of Antenatally Diagnosed Renal Disorders [2004]
    • Antenatal Doppler Studies [2001]
• United Kingdom
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Ultrasound Screening [2000]
• United States of America
  • American Academy of Family Physicians
    • Ultrasonography, Diagnostic in OB/GYN (Position Paper) [2008]
  • American College of Radiology
    • ACR–ACOG–AIUM Practice Guideline for the Performance of Obstetrical Ultrasound [2007]
  • National Guideline Clearinghouse
    • Ultrasonography in pregnancy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [2009]
    • Content of a complete routine second trimester obstetrical ultrasound examination and report. Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada [2009]
• Articles in journals
  • Annals of African Medicine
    • On the safety of diagnostic ultrasound in pregnancy: Have we handled the available data correctly? [2012]
  • Family Medicine
    • Teaching Prenatal Ultrasound to Family Medicine Residents [2004]
  • Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy
    • Fetal cardiac function: technical considerations and potential research and clinical applications [2012]
    • Evaluation of Conventional Doppler Fetal Cardiac Function Parameters: E/A Ratios, Outflow Tracts, and Myocardial Performance Index [2012]
    • Ultrasound in Labor and Delivery [2010]
    • Three- and Four-Dimensional Fetal Echocardiography [2009]
  • Hong Kong Medical Journal
    • Prenatal diagnosis and assessment of facial clefts: where are we now? [2012]
  • Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada (JOGC)
    • Routine third trimester ultrasound: what is the evidence? [2008]
  • Physiological Research
    • Fetal cardiology in the Czech Republic: current management of prenatally diagnosed congenital heart diseases and arrhythmias [2009]
  • RadioGraphics
    • Congenital Lung Abnormalities: Embryologic Features, Prenatal Diagnosis, and Postnatal Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation [2010]
    • Prenatal US and MR Imaging Findings of Lissencephaly: Review of Fetal Cerebral Sulcal Development [2006]
    • Obstetric US: Watch the Fetal Hands [2006]
    • Intraabdominal Fetal Echogenic Masses: A Practical Guide to Diagnosis and Management [2005]
    • A Comprehensive Review of Fetal Tumors with Pathologic Correlation [2005]
  • Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
    • Assessment of fetal intracranial pathologies first demonstrated late in pregnancy: cell proliferation disorders [2003]
  • Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Ultrasonographic fetal head position to predict mode of delivery: a systematic review and bivariate meta-analysis [2012]
    • Neurodevelopmental outcome of fetuses with increased nuchal translucency and apparently normal prenatal and/or postnatal assessment: a systematic review [2012]
    • Abnormal or delayed development of the posterior membranous area of the brain: anatomy, ultrasound diagnosis, natural history and outcome of Blake's pouch cyst in the fetus [2012]
    • Fetal umbilical artery Doppler to predict compromise of fetal/neonatal wellbeing in a high-risk population: systematic review and bivariate meta-analysis [2011]
    • Accuracy of first-trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of early embryonic demise: a systematic review [2011]
    • A review of fetal volumetry: the need for standardization and definitions in measurement methodology [2011]
    • Genetic sonography: the historical and clinical role of fetal echocardiography [2010]
• {Related topics}
  • Clinical tools, medical calculators, unit conversions, statistics, clinical research tools
    • Umbilical artery Doppler : Clinical tools, medical calculators
    • Ultrasound dating : Clinical tools, medical calculators
    • Fetal biometry : Clinical tools, medical calculators
  • Guidelines
    • Prenatal screening and diagnosis