Citing biomedical documents - National Library of Medicine (NLM) style
Citing blogs
National Library of Medicine (NLM) style
Components/elements listed in the order they should appear in a reference: (R) = required, (O) = optional
Author/Editor (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Title (R) | Content Type (O) | Type of Medium (R) | Editor and other Secondary Authors (O) | Place of Publication (R) | Publisher (R) | Date of Publication (R) | Date of Citation (R) | Availability (R) | Language (R) | Notes (O)
- Standard citation to a blog
- Bernstein M. Bioethics Discussion Blog [Internet]. Los Angeles: Maurice Bernstein. 2004 Jul - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://bioethicsdiscussion.blogspot.com/.
- Standard citation to a blog with optional content type
- KidneyNotes.com [blog on the Internet]. New York: KidneyNotes. c2006 - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://www.kidneynotes.com/.
- Blog with an individual(s) as author
- Cohen MH. CAMLAW: complementary and alternative medicine law blog [Internet]. Cambridge (MA): Michael H. Cohen, Esq. c2007 - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://www.camlawblog.com/.
- Blog with optional full names for authors/editors
- Ostrovsky, Michael; Genes, Nicholas; Odell, Timothy; Ostrovsky, Gene, editors. medGadget [blog on the Internet]. El Granada (CA): Medgadget LLC. [2004 Dec] - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://www.medgadget.com/.
- Blog with only first name provided for author
- Kim.Emergiblog: The Life & Times of an ER Nurse [Internet]. Ask Shane, producer. San Francisco: Emergiblog. c2005-2007 - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://www.emergiblog.com/.
- Blog with only blog name provided for author
- Doctor CBB. CodeBlueBlog [Internet]. [Florida]: [Thomas Boyle]. [2004 May] - [cited 2007 May 17]. Available from: http://codeblueblog.blogs.com/.
- Blog with an organization as author
- Wall Street Journal. HEALTH BLOG: WSJ's blog on health and the business of health [Internet]. Hensley S, editor. New York: Dow Jones & Company, Inc. c2007 - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://blogs.wsj.com/health/.
- Blog with editors where there is no author
- Ostrovsky M, Genes N, Odell T, Ostrovsky G, editors. medGadget [blog on the Internet]. El Granada (CA): Medgadget LLC. [2004 Dec] - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://www.medgadget.com/.
- Blog with no authors
- KidneyNotes.com [blog on the Internet]. Viklund A, CSSCreator, illustrators. New York: KidneyNotes. c2006 - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://www.kidneynotes.com/.
- Blog with author affiliation
- Myers PZ (University of Minnesota, Morris, MN). Pharyngula [blog on the Internet]. New York: ScienceBlogs LLC. [2006 Jan] - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/.
- Blog title with a subtitle
- Tenderich A. Diabetes Mine: a gold mine of straight talk and encouragement for people living with diabetes [blog on the Internet]. San Francisco: Amy Tenderich. [2005 Feb] - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from:http://www.diabetesmine.com/.
- Blog title with upper/lowercase letters, special characters
- Kim. Emergiblog: The Life & Times of an ER Nurse [Internet]. Ask Shane, producer. San Francisco: Emergiblog. c2005-2007 - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://www.emergiblog.com/.
- Silverman E. PHARMALOT [blog on the Internet]. [Newark (NJ)]: Star-Ledger. 2007 Jan - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://pharmalot.com/.
- Genes N. blogborygmi: a digest of developments in the life of an emergency medicine resident [Internet]. [place unknown]: Nicholas Genes. [2003 Jun] - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://blogborygmi.blogspot.com/.
- Sharp J. eHealth: a blog devoted to ehealth and healthcare information technology [Internet]. Cleveland (OH): EHEALTH.JOHNWSHARP.COM. [2006 Sep] - [cited 2007 May 17]. Available from: http://ehealth.johnwsharp.com/.
- Blog with title ending in punctuation other than a period
- Scalpel or Sword? [blog on the Internet]. [Texas]: [publisher unknown]. [2006 Aug] - [cited 2007 May 17]. Available from: http://scalpelorsword.blogspot.com/.
- Blog in a language other than English
- Fresquet Febrer JL. Blog de Historia de la medicina [Internet]. Valencia (Spain): Universidad de Valencia. [2005 Dec] - [cited 2007 May 17]. Available from: http://www.historiadelamedicina.org/blog/. Spanish.
- Blog in a language other than English with translation included
- Fresquet Febrer JL. Blog de Historia de la medicina [Blog of the history of medicine] [Internet]. Valencia (Spain): Universidad de Valencia. [2005 Dec] - [cited 2007 May 17]. Available from: http://www.historiadelamedicina.org/blog/. Spanish.
- Blog published with content type given
- Tenderich A. Diabetes Mine: a gold mine of straight talk and encouragement for people living with diabetes [blog on the Internet]. San Francisco: Amy Tenderich. [2005 Feb] - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from:http://www.diabetesmine.com/.
- Blog with secondary authors
- Wall Street Journal. HEALTH BLOG: WSJ's blog on health and the business of health [Internet]. Hensley S, editor. New York: Dow Jones & Company, Inc. c2007 - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://blogs.wsj.com/health/.
- KidneyNotes.com [blog on the Internet]. Viklund A, CSSCreator, illustrators. New York: KidneyNotes. c2006 - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://www.kidneynotes.com/.
- Arrington M, Ohayon O. TechCrunch: explorons le Web 2.0 [blog on the Internet]. Arrington M, editor. Paris: Pulpmedia. 2005 Jun 11 - [cited 2007 May 17]. Available from: http://fr.techcrunch.com/. French.
- Blog with well known place of publication
- Wall Street Journal. HEALTH BLOG: WSJ's blog on health and the business of health [Internet]. Hensley S, editor. New York: Dow Jones & Company, Inc. c2007 - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://blogs.wsj.com/health/.
- Blog with geographic qualifier added to place of publication for clarity
- Ostrovsky M, Genes N, Odell T, Ostrovsky G, editors. medGadget [blog on the Internet]. El Granada (CA): Medgadget LLC. [2004 Dec] - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://www.medgadget.com/.
- Blog with place of publication inferred
- Silverman E. PHARMALOT [blog on the Internet]. [Newark (NJ)]: Star-Ledger. 2007 Jan - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://pharmalot.com/.
- Blog with unknown place of publication
- Reider J. Family Medicine Notes [blog on the Internet]. [place unknown]: Jacob Reider. 1999 - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://www.docnotes.net/.
- Blog with publisher having subsidiary division
- Gottesman MM The DDIR's COI Blog [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health (US), Office of the Director, Office of Intramural Research. 2005 Mar 25 - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://www.nih.gov/ddir/COIBlog/COIBlog.htm
- Blog with government agency or other national body as publisher
- Bernhardt JM. Director's Blog [Internet]. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US), National Center for Health Marketing. [2006 Jul 13] - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/healthmarketing/blog.htm
- Blog with publisher inferred
- Doctor CBB. CodeBlueBlog [Internet]. [Florida]: [Thomas Boyle]. [2004 May] - [cited 2007 May 17]. Available from: http://codeblueblog.blogs.com/.
- Blog with unknown publisher
- Scalpel or Sword? [blog on the Internet]. [Texas]: [publisher unknown]. [2006 Aug] - [cited 2007 May 17]. Available from: http://scalpelorsword.blogspot.com/.
- Blog with month/day included in date of publication
- Holt M. The Health Care Blog [Internet]. San Francisco: Matthew Holt. 2003 Oct - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://www.thehealthcareblog.com/the_health_care_blog/.
- Gottesman MM The DDIR's COI Blog [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health (US), Office of the Director, Office of Intramural Research. 2005 Mar 25 - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://www.nih.gov/ddir/COIBlog/COIBlog.htm
- Blog with multiple years
- Kim. Emergiblog: The Life & Times of an ER Nurse [Internet]. Ask Shane, producer. San Francisco: Emergiblog. c2005-2007 - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://www.emergiblog.com/.
- Blog with date of copyright instead of date of publication
- KidneyNotes.com [blog on the Internet]. Viklund A, CSSCreator, illustrators. New York: KidneyNotes. c2006 - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://www.kidneynotes.com/.
- Blog with date obtained from earliest material in it
- Bernhardt JM. Director's Blog [Internet]. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US), National Center for Health Marketing. [2006 Jul 13] - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/healthmarketing/blog.htm
- Mik T. Nursing Studio [blog on the Internet]. Seattle: Akon. [2002 May] - [cited 2007 May 16]. Available from: http://www.nursingstudio.net
- Blog with supplemental note included
- Scalpel or Sword? [blog on the Internet]. [Texas]: [publisher unknown]. [2006 Aug] - [cited 2007 May 17]. Available from: http://scalpelorsword.blogspot.com/. Topic is emergency medicine.
- Tripathi M. MAeHC Blog [Internet]. Waltham (MA): Micky Tripathi. [2006] - [cited 2007 May 17]. Available from: http://maehc.blogspot.com/. MAeHC is the Massachusetts eHealth Collaborative.
- Part of a blog on the Internet from the blog owner
- Reider J. Family Medicine Notes [blog on the Internet]. [place unknown]: Jacob Reider. 1999 - . CRP again ...; 2004 Apr 2 [cited 2007 May 23]; [about 1 screen]. Available from: http://www.docnotes.net/001763.html
- Doctor CBB. CodeBlueBlog [Internet]. [Florida]: [Thomas Boyle]. [2004 May] - . i-Mammo part II: breasts, lies and videotapes; 2005 Apr 15 [cited 2007 May 23]; [about 4 screens]. Available from: http://codeblueblog.blogs.com/codeblueblog/2005/04/part_ii_and_the.html
- Kraft M. The Krafty Librarian [blog on the Internet]. [Cleveland (OH)]: Michelle Kraft. [2004 Jun] - . Collaborative technologies and science: more tools or more risk? 2008 Jan 21 [cited 2008 Apr 28]; [about 1 screen]. Available from: http://kraftylibrarian.com/2008/01/collaborative-technologies-and-science.html
- Part of a blog on the Internet from the blog owner with author affiliation
- Leavitt M (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC). Secretary Mike Leavitt's Blog [Internet]. [Washington]: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2007 Aug 13 - . Health information technology; 2008 Jan 24 [cited 2008 Apr 28]; [about 1 screen]. Available from: http://secretarysblog.hhs.gov/my_weblog/2008/01/health-informat.html
- Contribution to a blog on the Internet by someone other than the blog owner
- Mantone J. Head trauma haunts many, researchers say. 2008 Jan 29 [cited 2008 Apr 28]. In: Wall Street Journal. HEALTH BLOG [Internet]. New York: Dow Jones & Company, Inc. c2008 - . [about 1 screen]. Available from: http://blogs.wsj.com/health/2008/01/29/head-trauma-haunts-many-researchers-say/.
- Contribution to a blog on the Internet by someone other than the blog owner with author affiliation
- Lanard J (Western Pacific Regional Office of the World Health Organization, Manila, Philippines). Comment on: "This blog can save your life!" and "Health Communication: Science and Art." 2006 Oct 15 [cited 2007 May 17]. In: Bernhardt JM. Director's Blog [Internet]. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US), National Center for Health Marketing. [2006 Jul 13] - . [about 2 screens]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/healthmarketing/blog_101106.htm scroll down to locate comment.
Edited by Aldo Campana,