Infertility and spontaneous abortion - Spontaneous abortion, habitual abortion
Causes of recurrent abortion
- Uterine defects (congenital anomalies, submucous and intramural leiomyomas, polyps, intrauterine adhesions)
- Cervical incompetence
- Infections
- Endocrine causes (luteal phase defects, polycystic ovary disease, thyroid abnormalities, diabetes)
- Chromosomal abnormalities (translocations, inversions)
- Severe maternal illness (Wilson's disease, maternal phenylketonuria, cyanotic heart disease, hematologic disorders [hemoglobinopathies or aplastic anemia], inflammatory bowel disease, neoplasia)
- Autoimmune disease, antiphospholipid syndrome
- Thrombophilic defects
- Alloimmune disease (shared parental histocompatibility)
- Chemicals, X-rays, and other noxious agents
- Psychological factors