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Infertility and spontaneous abortion  - Spontaneous abortion, habitual abortion

Etiologic factors of habitual abortion (195 couples)

Causative factor 1st trimester (%) 2nd trimester (%) Total (%)
Uterine defects 12 21 15
Cervical incompetence 3 30 13
Endocrine 7 1 5
Endometrial infection 16 13 15
Chromosomal 4 0 3
Systemic disorder 0 3 1
Sperm factor 6 1 4
Excessive smoking 1 0 0
Unknown 51 31 44

Stray-Pedersen B, Stray-Pedersen S. Etiologic factors and subsequent reproductive performance in 195 couples with a prior history of habitual abortion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984 Jan 15;148(2):140-6.