Obstetrics, gynecology, andrology, sexual and reproductive health

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Maternal mortality and morbidity

 

Afghanistan

• Health Policy and Planning
  • National and sub-national analysis of the health benefits and cost-effectiveness of strategies to reduce maternal mortality in Afghanistan [2013]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Achieving maternal and child health gains in Afghanistan: a Countdown to 2015 country case study [2016]

Africa

• Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences
  • Skilled Health Personnel Attended Delivery as a Proxy Indicator for Maternal and Perinatal Mortality: A Systematic Review [2014]

Americas

• Pan American Health Organization
  • Plan of action to accelerate the reduction of maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity: monitoring and evaluation strategy [2012]

Australia

• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
  • Maternal deaths

• O&G Magazine
  • Monitoring maternal mortality and morbidity in Australia [2018]

Bangladesh

• Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
  • Reducing Maternal Mortality and Improving Maternal Health: Bangladesh and MDG 5 [2008]

Botswana

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • A root-cause analysis of maternal deaths in Botswana: towards developing a culture of patient safety and quality improvement [2014]

Brazil

• BMC Medicine
  • Long-term impact of a conditional cash transfer programme on maternal mortality: a nationwide analysis of Brazilian longitudinal data [2021]

• Cadernos de Saúde Pública
  • Estimation of maternal mortality rates in Brazil, 2008-2011 [2014]

• Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
  • Will Brazil comply with the SDG 3.1 of the 2030 Agenda? An analysis of maternal mortality, from 1996 to 2018 [2021]

• Jornal de Pediatria
  • Temporal and spatial evolution of maternal and neonatal mortality rates in Brazil, 1997–2012 [2016]

• Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
  • Temporal Trend of Near Miss and its Regional Variations in Brazil from 2010 to 2018 [2021]

Burundi

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Achieving the Millennium Development Goal of reducing maternal mortality in rural Africa: an experience from Burundi [2013]

China

• BioMed Research International
  • Provincial Maternal Mortality Surveillance Systems in China [2014]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Maternal health services utilization and maternal mortality in China: a longitudinal study from 2009 to 2016 [2020]

• BMC Public Health
  • Maternal mortality ratio in China from 1990 to 2019: trends, causes and correlations [2021]

• BMJ Global Health
  • Reducing maternal mortality in China in the era of the two-child policy [2020]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Spatiotemporal trends and ecological determinants in maternal mortality ratios in 2,205 Chinese counties, 2010–2013: A Bayesian modelling analysis [2020]

Denmark

• Danish Medical Journal
  • Reduction in maternal mortality in Denmark over three decades [2021]
  • An audit of 70 maternal deaths [2021]

Developing countries

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPCR) interventions to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis [2014]

• World Health Organization
  • Education and severe maternal outcomes in developing countries: a multicountry cross-sectional survey [2014]

Eastern Mediterranean

• WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
  • Improving maternal health to achieve the Millennium Development Goals in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a youth lens [2008]

Ecuador

• Journal of Public Health Research
  • Maternal Deaths Databases Analysis: Ecuador 2003-2013 [2016]

Eritrea

• Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
  • Evaluation of a community intervention for promotion of safe motherhood in Eritrea [2011]

Ethiopia

• BMC Public Health
  • Trends and causes of maternal mortality in Ethiopia during 1990–2013: findings from the Global Burden of Diseases study 2013 [2017]

• Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences
  • Review of Maternal Mortality in Ethiopia: A Story of the Past 30 Years [2014]
  • Reasons for Persistently High Maternal and Perinatal Mortalities in Ethiopia: Part II-So-Socio-Economic and Cultural Factors [2014]
  • Commentary: Reasons for Persistently High Maternal and Perinatal Mortalities in Ethiopia: Part III-Perspective of the “Three Delays” Model [2014]
  • Commentary: Actions in the Pipeline and the Way Forward to Reduce Maternal and Perinatal Mortality in Ethiopia [2014]
  • Causes of Maternal Mortality in Ethiopia: A Significant Decline in Abortion Related Death [2014]

• PLoS ONE
  • Age, period and cohort analysis of age-specific maternal mortality trend in Ethiopia: A secondary analysis [2020]

Georgia

• International Journal of Women's Health
  • Maternal Mortality in Georgia: Incidence, Causes and Level of Underreporting: A National Reproductive Age Mortality Study 2014 [2020]

• Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
  • Scoping maternal care through the lens of maternal deaths: A retrospective analysis of maternal mortality in Georgia [2020]

Ghana

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Millennium development Goal 5: progress and challenges in reducing maternal deaths in Ghana [2016]

Indonesia

• Global Health Action
  • Relating the construction and maintenance of maternal ill-health in rural Indonesia [2012]

• Population Health Metrics
  • The impact of family planning on maternal mortality in Indonesia: what future contribution can be expected? [2021]

International

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Constructing maternal morbidity – towards a standard tool to measure and monitor maternal health beyond mortality [2016]
  • A common monitoring framework for ending preventable maternal mortality, 2015–2030: phase I of a multi-step process [2016]
  • Framing maternal morbidity: WHO scoping exercise [2013]

• BMC Public Health
  • Advancing maternal survival in the global context: are our strategies working? [2013]

• Global Health: Science and Practice
  • Galvanizing Collective Action to Accelerate Reductions in Maternal and Newborn Mortality and Prevention of Stillbirths [2021]

• International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
  • Thinking beyond maternal mortality: Re-conceptualizing and measuring maternal morbidity [2018]

• JBI Evidence Synthesis
  • Timing of maternal mortality and severe morbidity during the postpartum period: a systematic review [2022]

• Journal of Global Health
  • Recommendations for refining key maternal health policy and finance indicators to strengthen a framework for monitoring the Strategies toward Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality (EPMM) [2021]

• Lancet
  • Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 [2016]

• New England Journal of Medicine
  • Global Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health — So Near and Yet So Far [2013]

• PLoS ONE
  • Monitoring maternal near miss/severe maternal morbidity: A systematic review of global practices [2020]

• Reproductive Health
  • Towards elimination of maternal deaths: maternal deaths surveillance and response [2013]

• Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
  • Obstetric transition in the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health: exploring pathways for maternal mortality reduction [2015]

• Statistics, Politics and Policy
  • A New Method for Deriving Global Estimates of Maternal Mortality [2012]

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Monitoring maternal and newborn health outcomes globally: a brief history of key events and initiatives [2019]

• United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF
  • Maternal mortality

• United Nations Population Fund
  • The Maternal and Newborn Health Thematic Fund Case Studies on Strengthening Midwifery Services to Avert Maternal and Newborn Deaths [2019]

• Vaccine
  • Maternal death: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data [2016]

Iran

• Reproductive Health
  • Determinants and causes of maternal mortality in Iran based on ICD-MM: a systematic review [2019]

Ireland

• Ireland's Health Services
  • Bereavement Care Following Maternal Death Within a Hospital Setting [2017]
  • Guidelines for the Critically Ill Woman in Obstetrics [2014]

Italy

• Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità
  • The way to move beyond the numbers: the lesson learnt from the Italian Obstetric Surveillance System [2019]

Japan

• BMJ Open
  • Current status of pregnancy-related maternal mortality in Japan: a report from the Maternal Death Exploratory Committee in Japan [2016]

Kenya

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Cost of maternal near miss and potentially life-threatening conditions, Kenya [2021]

Latin America

• Reproductive Health
  • Maternal near miss and predictive ability of potentially life-threatening conditions at selected maternity hospitals in Latin America [2016]

Latin America and the Caribbean

• Pan American Health Organization
  • Recommendations for Establishing a National Maternal Near-miss Surveillance System in Latin America and the Caribbean [2022]
  • Reproductive Health and Healthy Motherhood. Aligning National Legislation with International Human Rights Law [2014]

Low and lower middle income countries

• PLoS ONE
  • What maternal morbidities are and what they mean for women: A thematic analysis of twenty years of qualitative research in low and lower-middle income countries [2019]

• Reproductive Health
  • The relationship between birth intervals and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in six low and lower-middle income countries [2020]
  • Maternal mortality in six low and lower-middle income countries from 2010 to 2018: risk factors and trends [2020]

Low and middle income countries

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Audit-identified avoidable factors in maternal and perinatal deaths in low resource settings: a systematic review [2014]

• BMJ Global Health
  • Prognostic models for adverse pregnancy outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review [2019]

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response: a systematic review of qualitative studies [2023]

• Human Resources for Health
  • Systematic review on human resources for health interventions to improve maternal health outcomes: evidence from low- and middle-income countries [2016]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Estimating the global impact of poor quality of care on maternal and neonatal outcomes in 81 low- and middle-income countries: A modeling study [2019]

• PLoS ONE
  • Quality of medicines for life-threatening pregnancy complications in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review [2020]

Low-resource settings

• Lancet
  • Women's groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2013]

Malawi

• BMC Medical Research Methodology
  • Easier said than done!: methodological challenges with conducting maternal death review research in Malawi [2014]

Mexico

• PLoS ONE
  • Towards an Inclusive and Evidence-Based Definition of the Maternal Mortality Ratio: An Analysis of the Distribution of Time after Delivery of Maternal Deaths in Mexico, 2010-2013 [2016]

Middle-income countries

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Maternal mortality: near-miss events in middle-income countries, a systematic review [2021]

Moldova

• BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  • The Moldovan experience of maternal death reviews [2014]

Morocco

• International Journal for Equity in Health
  • Actions on social determinants and interventions in primary health to improve mother and child health and health equity in Morocco [2016]

• PLoS ONE
  • Determinants of Maternal Near-Miss in Morocco: Too Late, Too Far, Too Sloppy? [2015]

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Preventable maternal mortality in Morocco: the role of hospitals [2013]
  • Implementing a maternal mortality surveillance system in Morocco [2013]

Mozambique

• PLoS ONE
  • Mapping maternal mortality rate via spatial zero-inflated models for count data: A case study of facility-based maternal deaths from Mozambique [2018]

Myanmar

• Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
  • New Politics, an Opportunity for Maternal Health Advancement in Eastern Myanmar: An Integrative Review [2014]

Nepal

• PLoS ONE
  • An Analysis of Factors Linked to the Decline in Maternal Mortality in Nepal [2014]

• Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
  • Policies and actions to reduce maternal mortality in Nepal: perspectives of key informants [2021]

New Zealand

• BMJ Open
  • Under-reporting of maternal and perinatal adverse events in New Zealand [2015]

Nigeria

• BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  • Application of maternal near-miss approach to audits of severe maternal complications in a low-resource country [2019]

• International Journal for Equity in Health
  • Poverty and maternal mortality in Nigeria: towards a more viable ethics of modern medical practice [2008]

• Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice
  • Reducing maternal deaths in a low resource setting in Nigeria [2014]

• PLoS ONE
  • The influence of the social and cultural environment on maternal mortality in Nigeria: Evidence from the 2013 demographic and health survey [2017]

• Reproductive Health
  • Maternal death and obstetric care audits in Nigeria: a systematic review of barriers and enabling factors in the provision of emergency care [2016]

Pakistan

• Journal of Pakistan Medical Association
  • Issues of maternal health in Pakistan: trends towards millennium development goal 5 [2014]

• Reproductive Health
  • Why are the Pakistani maternal, fetal and newborn outcomes so poor compared to other low and middle-income countries? [2020]

Rwanda

• BMJ Open
  • Maternal death audit in Rwanda 2009–2013: a nationwide facility-based retrospective cohort study [2016]

Senegal

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Improving survey data on pregnancy-related deaths in low-and middle-income countries: a validation study in Senegal [2015]

Senegal, Mali

• PLoS ONE
  • Predicting In-Hospital Maternal Mortality in Senegal and Mali [2013]

South Africa

• BMC Public Health
  • A cross-sectional analysis of the geographic distribution and causes of maternal mortality in South Africa: 2002–2006 [2015]

South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa

• PLoS Medicine
  • Direct maternal morbidity and the risk of pregnancy-related deaths, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa: A population-based prospective cohort study in 8 countries [2021]

South-East Asia

• WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia
  • Towards maternal and newborn survival in the WHO South-East Asia Region: Implementation experience of the WHO SEARO model of point-of-care quality improvement (POCQI) [2020]
  • Strengthening Country Capacity on Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response: Report of a South-East Asia Regional Meeting , 16-18 February 2016, Maldives [2016]

Sri Lanka

• Reproductive Health
  • Maternal mortality revisited: the application of the new ICD-MM classification system in reference to maternal deaths in Sri Lanka [2014]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Systematic review of the magnitude and case fatality ratio for severe maternal morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa between 1995 and 2010 [2011]

• Journal of Global Health
  • Causes of maternal mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review of studies published from 2015 to 2020 [2021]

Suriname

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Maternal mortality audit in Suriname between 2010 and 2014, a reproductive age mortality survey [2017]

• Reproductive Health
  • Classifying maternal deaths in Suriname using WHO ICD-MM: different interpretation by Physicians, National and International Maternal Death Review Committees [2021]
  • Childbirth outcomes and ethnic disparities in Suriname: a nationwide registry-based study in a middle-income country [2020]

Sweden

• Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
  • Maternal mortality in Sweden 1988–2007: more deaths than officially reported [2013]

Taiwan

• PLoS ONE
  • Maternal Mortality in Taiwan: A Nationwide Data Linkage Study [2015]

• Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pregnancy-associated mortality in Taiwan, 2004–2011 [2016]
  • Underreporting of maternal mortality in Taiwan: A data linkage study [2015]

Tanzania

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Strengths and weaknesses in the implementation of maternal and perinatal death reviews in Tanzania: perceptions, processes and practice [2014]

Thailand

• Population Health Metrics
  • Improving the measurement of maternal mortality in Thailand using multiple data sources [2016]

United Kingdom

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Examining the impact of introducing ICD-MM on observed trends in maternal mortality rates in the UK 2003–13 [2016]

• British Journal of Anaesthesia
  • Saving Mothers’ Lives: reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer: 2006–8: a review [2011]

• British Journal of General Practice
  • Maternal health in pregnancy: messages from the 2014 UK Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Death [2015]

• NIHR Journals Library
  • Beyond maternal death: improving the quality of maternal care through national studies of ‘near-miss’ maternal morbidity [2016]

• Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
  • A national population-based cohort study to investigate inequalities in maternal mortality in the United Kingdom, 2009-17 [2020]

• PLoS ONE
  • Establishing a National Maternal Morbidity Outcome Indicator in England: A Population-Based Study Using Routine Hospital Data [2016]

• Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Understanding the Relationship Between Social Determinants of Health and Maternal Mortality [2022]

United States

• AJP Reports
  • Implementing Obstetric Early Warning Systems [2018]

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • Severe Maternal Morbidity: Screening and Review [2016]

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Maternal mortality in the United States: research gaps, opportunities, and priorities [2020]
  • Putting the “M” back in maternal-fetal medicine: A 5-year report card on a collaborative effort to address maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States [2019]

• American Journal of Public Health
  • Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Maternal Mortality in the United States Using Enhanced Vital Records, 2016-2017 [2021]

• Annals of Internal Medicine
  • Initiatives to Reduce Maternal Mortality and Severe Maternal Morbidity in the United States: A Narrative Review [2020]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • The Impact of the Pregnancy Checkbox and Misclassification on Maternal Mortality Trends in the United States, 1999-2017 [2020]
  • Vital Signs: Pregnancy-Related Deaths, United States, 2011–2015, and Strategies for Prevention, 13 States, 2013–2017 [2019]
  • Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Pregnancy-Related Deaths — United States, 2007–2016 [2019]
  • Severe Maternal Morbidity in the United States
  • Preventing Pregnancy-Related Deaths

• International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
  • Trends and Social Inequalities in Maternal Mortality in the United States, 1969-2018 [2021]
  • Trends and Racial/Ethnic, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Disparities in Maternal Mortality from Indirect Obstetric Causes in the United States, 1999-2017 [2021]

• JAMA Network Open
  • Assessment of Incidence and Factors Associated With Severe Maternal Morbidity After Delivery Discharge Among Women in the US [2021]

• Journal of Women's Health
  • U.S. Maternal Mortality Within a Global Context: Historical Trends, Current State, and Future Directions [2021]

• Neoreviews
  • Maternal Mortality in the United States: Updates on Trends, Causes, and Solutions [2019]

• Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Maternal Mortality in the United States: Recent Trends, Current Status, and Future Considerations [2021]
  • Social Determinants of Pregnancy-Related Mortality and Morbidity in the United States: A Systematic Review [2020]
  • Severe Maternal Morbidity and Mortality Among Indigenous Women in the United States [2020]
  • Standardized Severe Maternal Morbidity Review [2014]

• Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #55: Counseling women at increased risk of maternal morbidity and mortality [2021]
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #54: Assessing the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality [2021]
  • Reproductive services for women at high risk for maternal mortality: a report of the workshop [2020]
  • SMFM Special Report: Putting the “M” back in MFM: Addressing education about disparities in maternal outcomes and care [2018]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2020: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and UNDESA/Population Division [2023]
  • Maternal mortality: Levels and trends 2000 to 2017 [2019]
  • Maternal mortality: Evidence brief [2019]
  • Managing complications in pregnancy and childbirth: a guide for midwives and doctors [2017]
  • Time to respond. A report on the global implementation of Maternal Death Surveillance and Response [2016]
  • Maternal morbidity measurement tool pilot: study protocol [2016]
  • Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015: Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division [2015]
  • Strategies toward ending preventable maternal mortality (EPMM) [2015]
  • Obstetric transition: the pathway towards ending preventable maternal deaths [2014]
  • Maternal near-miss audits to improve quality of care [2014]
  • Indirect causes of severe adverse maternal outcomes: a secondary analysis of the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health [2014]
  • Advanced maternal age and pregnancy outcomes: a multicountry assessment [2014]
  • WHO guidance for measuring maternal mortality from a census [2013]
  • Maternal Death Surveillance and Response [2013]
  • Evaluating the quality of care for severe pregnancy complications: the WHO near-miss approach for maternal health [2011]
  • Countdown to 2015 decade report (2000-2010) with country profiles: taking stock of maternal, newborn and child survival [2010]
  • Achieving millennium development goal 5: target 5A and 5B on reducing maternal mortality and achieving universal access to reproductive health [2009]
  • Maternal mortality: Fact sheet
  • Maternal and newborn data
  • Maternal Mortality in 2030

Zambia

• PLoS ONE
  • Impact of Pregnancy-Related Deaths on Female Life Expectancy in Zambia: Application of Life Table Techniques to Census Data [2015]

• Population Health Metrics
  • Rural-urban differentials in pregnancy-related mortality in Zambia: estimates using data collected in a census [2015]

{Related topics}

• Guidelines
  • Obstetrics, perinatology