HIV/AIDS

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Microbicides, topical pre-exposure prophylaxis

Australia

• Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
  • Microbicides for the prevention of HIV infection

Eswatini

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • User and healthcare provider early experiences with the PrEP ring: a quantitative study on the introduction of a new PrEP method in Eswatini [2025]

International

• Contraception
  • Vaginal ring acceptability: a systematic review and meta-analysis of vaginal ring experiences from around the world [2021]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • WHO guidance grounded in a comprehensive approach to sexual and reproductive health and human rights: topical pre-exposure prophylaxis [2014]

• Pharmaceuticals
  • Microbicides for Topical HIV Immunoprophylaxis: Current Status and Future Prospects [2024]

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Effectiveness of vaginal microbicides in preventing HIV transmission [2020]

Kenya

• BMC Public Health
  • Estimating the cost of and willingness to pay for providing the dapivirine ring for HIV prevention in Kenya [2025]

South Africa

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • A Review and Economic Analysis of the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring as HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for Women, to Inform South African Public-Sector Guidelines [2024]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• New England Journal of Medicine
  • Use of a Vaginal Ring Containing Dapivirine for HIV-1 Prevention in Women [2016]

United States

• Food and Drug Administration
  • Vaginal Microbicides:Development for the Prevention of HIV Infection [2014]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • WHO recommends the dapivirine vaginal ring as a new choice for HIV prevention for women at substantial risk of HIV infection [2021]
  • Regulatory issues in microbicide development [2010]
  • Preparing for access to PRO 2000 microbicide: report of a meeting, 27-28 May 2009, London, United Kingdom [2010]

Zimbabwe

• PLOS Global Public Health
  • A mixed-method study of feasibility and acceptability of the Dapivirine vaginal ring among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in selected Zimbabwean districts [2025]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Pre-exposure prophylaxis
  • HIV prevention
  • Antiretroviral therapy