Obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive medicine guidelines

HIV/AIDS

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Antiretroviral therapy: laboratory testing

 

Africa

• PLoS ONE
  • HIV virologic failure and its predictors among HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy in the African Cohort Study [2019]

America

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • A picture is worth a thousand words: maps of HIV indicators to inform research, programs, and policy from NA-ACCORD and CCASAnet clinical cohorts [2016]

Asia, Pacific

• International Journal of STD & AIDS
  • Trends in CD4 count response to first-line antiretroviral treatment in HIV-positive patients from Asia, 2003–2013: TAHOD-LITE [2017]

Barbados

• PLoS ONE
  • Ten Year Trends in Community HIV Viral Load in Barbados: Implications for Treatment as Prevention [2013]

Belgium

• HIV Medicine
  • Late presentation to HIV testing is overestimated when based on the consensus definition [2015]

Botswana

• Lancet HIV
  • Botswana’s Progress Toward Achieving the 2020 UNAIDS 90–90–90 Antiretroviral Treatment and Virologic Suppression Goals: Results of a Population-Based Survey [2016]

• World Health Organization
  • Country-enhanced monitoring and evaluation for antiretroviral therapy scale-up: analysis and use of strategic information in Botswana [2006]

Brazil

• Medicine
  • Sociodemographic determinants of attrition in the HIV continuum of care in Brazil, in 2016 [2018]

• Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia
  • Community viral load of HIV in Brazil, 2007 - 2011: potential impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in reducing new infections [2016]

Cambodia

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Positive Virological Outcomes of HIV-Infected Patients on Protease Inhibitor-Based Second-Line Regimen in Cambodia: The ANRS 12276 2PICAM Study [2018]

Cameroon

• BMC Public Health
  • Optimal starting point for antiretroviral HIV treatment in a town in Cameroon: a randomised controlled study [2014]

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • New indicators for delay in initiation of antiretroviral treatment: estimates for Cameroon [2015]

• Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
  • Factors associated with late antiretroviral therapy initiation in Cameroon: a representative multilevel analysis [2013]

Canada

• Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology
  • HIV-1 tropism testing and clinical management of CCR5 antagonists: Quebec review and recommendations [2013]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Late initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy in Canada: a call for a national public health strategy to improve engagement in HIV care [2015]

Developing countries

• Indian Journal of Medical Research
  • Low-cost assays for monitoring HIV infected individuals in resource-limited settings [2011]

• Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Patient needs and point-of-care requirements for HIV load testing in resource-limited settings [2010]

Eastern Mediterranean

• WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
  • HIV test–treat–retain cascade analysis: Guide and tools 2017 [2017]

Ethiopia

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Implications of adopting new WHO guidelines for antiretroviral therapy initiation in Ethiopia [2012]

Europe

• HIV Medicine
  • Late presentation of HIV infection: a consensus definition [2011]

Germany

• BMC Public Health
  • Everything counts - a method to determine viral suppression among people living with HIV using longitudinal data for the HIV care continuum - results of two large, German, multi-center real-life cohort studies over 20 years (1999–2018) [2021]

Haiti

• PLoS ONE
  • Risk factors for delayed viral suppression on first-line antiretroviral therapy among persons living with HIV in Haiti, 2013–2017 [2020]
  • Trends in CD4 Count Testing, Retention in Pre-ART Care, and ART Initiation Rates over the First Decade of Expansion of HIV Services in Haiti [2016]

India

• AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
  • Clinical Benefits and Cost-Effectiveness of Laboratory Monitoring Strategies to Guide Antiretroviral Treatment Switching in India [2018]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Economic and epidemiological impact of early antiretroviral therapy initiation in India [2015]

International

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Trends in Prevalence of Advanced HIV Disease at Antiretroviral Therapy Enrollment — 10 Countries, 2004–2015 [2017]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Community-driven demand creation for the use of routine viral load testing: a model to scale up routine viral load testing [2017]

• Lancet
  • Timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy in AIDS-free HIV-1-infected patients: a collaborative analysis of 18 HIV cohort studies [2009]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Cost-effectiveness of different strategies to monitor adults on antiretroviral treatment: a combined analysis of three mathematical models [2014]

• PLoS Medicine
  • HIV treatment eligibility expansion and timely antiretroviral treatment initiation following enrollment in HIV care: A metaregression analysis of programmatic data from 22 countries [2018]

• UNAIDS
  • Undetectable = untransmittable — Public health and HIV viral load suppression [2018]
  • Public health and HIV viral load suppression [2017]
  • The need for routine viral load testing [2016]

Kenya

• PLoS ONE
  • Positive Predictive Value of the WHO Clinical and Immunologic Criteria to Predict Viral Load Failure among Adults on First, or Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Kenya [2016]
  • Detectable HIV Viral Load in Kenya: Data from a Population-Based Survey [2016]

Kenya, Uganda

• PLoS ONE
  • Trends and Determinants of Antiretroviral Therapy Patient Monitoring Practices in Kenya and Uganda [2015]

Latin America

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Monitoring of HIV treatment in seven countries in the WHO Region of the Americas [2015]

Low and middle-income countries

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Acceptability and feasibility of point-of-care CD4 testing on HIV continuum of care in low and middle income countries: a systematic review [2016]

• BMC Medicine
  • Feasibility of HIV point-of-care tests for resource-limited settings: challenges and solutions [2014]

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Viral suppression after 12 months of antiretroviral therapy in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review [2013]

• Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • Long-term Virological Outcomes of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-1 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2015]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Cost-effectiveness of routine viral load monitoring in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review [2017]

• Médecins Sans Frontières
  • Challenges and opportunities for the implementation of virological testing in resource-limited settings [2012]

• World Health Organization
  • Antiretroviral therapy initiation criteria in low resource settings – from ‘when to start’ to ‘when not to start’ [2014]

Low-resource settings

• Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • Scale-up of Routine Viral Load Testing in Resource-Poor Settings: Current and Future Implementation Challenges [2016]

Mexico

• PLoS ONE
  • CD4 Counts at Entry to HIV Care in Mexico for Patients under the “Universal Antiretroviral Treatment Program for the Uninsured Population,” 2007–2014 [2016]

Middle East, North Africa

• World Journal of Virology
  • Early initiation of antiretroviral treatment: Challenges in the Middle East and North Africa [2015]

Mozambique

• PLoS ONE
  • The Clinical and Economic Impact of Point-of-Care CD4 Testing in Mozambique and Other Resource-Limited Settings: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis [2014]

Netherlands

• Medicine
  • Longitudinal virological outcomes and factors associated with virological failure in behaviorally HIV-infected young adults on combination antiretroviral treatment in the Netherlands, 2000 to 2015 [2019]

Nigeria

• PLoS ONE
  • Evaluation of the clinical outcomes of the Test and Treat strategy to implement Treat All in Nigeria: Results from the Nigeria Multi-Center ART Study [2019]

Republic of Korea

• Infection & Chemotherapy
  • Trend of CD4+ Cell Counts at Diagnosis and Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART): Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study, 1992-2015 [2017]

Rwanda

• AIDS
  • Trends in and correlates of CD4+ cell count at antiretroviral therapy initiation after changes in national ART guidelines in Rwanda [2015]

Saudi Arabia

• Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
  • Antiretroviral therapy, CD4, viral load, and disease stage in HIV patients in Saudi Arabia: a 2001–2013 cross-sectional study [2015]

South Africa

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Change of treatment guidelines and evolution of ART initiation in rural South Africa: data of a large HIV care and treatment programme [2015]

• Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Challenges in implenting HIV load testing in South Africa [2010]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Variation in HIV care and treatment outcomes by facility in South Africa, 2011–2015: A cohort study [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Comparative cost analysis of point-of-care versus laboratory-based testing to initiate and monitor HIV treatment in South Africa [2019]

Spain

• GESIDA
  • Executive summary of the GeSIDA consensus document on control and monitoring of HIV-infected patients [2019]

• PLoS ONE
  • Economic and epidemiologic impact of guidelines for early ART initiation irrespective of CD4 count in Spain [2018]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• AIDS
  • How do different eligibility guidelines for antiretroviral therapy affect the cost–effectiveness of routine viral load testing in sub-Saharan Africa? [2014]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Progress with Scale-Up of HIV Viral Load Monitoring — Seven Sub-Saharan African Countries, January 2015–June 2016 [2016]
  • Scale-up of HIV Viral Load Monitoring — Seven Sub-Saharan African Countries [2015]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Interventions to improve the rate or timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy for HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: meta-analyses of effectiveness [2016]
  • Diagnostic accuracy of the WHO clinical staging system for defining eligibility for ART in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2014]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Changes in rapid HIV treatment initiation after national “treat all” policy adoption in 6 sub-Saharan African countries: Regression discontinuity analysis [2019]
  • Accelerating the Uptake and Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Operations Research Agenda [2016]

• PLoS ONE
  • Impact of "test and treat" recommendations on eligibility for antiretroviral treatment: Cross sectional population survey data from three high HIV prevalence countries [2018]

• Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine
  • The evolution and adoption of World Health Organization policy guidelines on antiretroviral therapy initiation in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review [2020]

Swaziland

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Peer-Delivered Linkage Case Management and Same-Day ART Initiation for Men and Young Persons with HIV Infection — Eswatini, 2015–2017 [2018]

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • Changing Antiretroviral Eligibility Criteria: Impact on the Number and Proportion of Adults Requiring Treatment in Swaziland [2016]

• PLoS ONE
  • Cost-effectiveness of a combination strategy to enhance the HIV care continuum in Swaziland: Link4Health [2018]

Taiwan

• Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection
  • Impact of initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy according to the WHO recommendations on the survival of HIV-positive patients in Taiwan [2019]

Tanzania

• PLoS ONE
  • Impact of Age and Sex on CD4+ Cell Count Trajectories following Treatment Initiation: An Analysis of the Tanzanian HIV Treatment Database [2016]

Uganda

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Universal test, treat, and keep: improving ART retention is key in cost-effective HIV control in Uganda [2017]

• BMC Public Health
  • Cost-effectiveness of early initiation of first-line combination antiretroviral therapy in Uganda [2012]

United Kingdom

• AIDS
  • Late diagnosis in the HAART era: proposed common definitions and associations with mortality [2010]

• British HIV Association
  • BHIVA guidelines for the routine investigation and monitoring of adult HIV-1-positive individuals 2016 (2019 interim update) [2019]

United States of America

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Antiretroviral Therapy and Viral Suppression Among Active Duty Service Members with Incident HIV Infection — United States, January 2012–June 2018 [2020]
  • Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Sustained Viral Suppression and Transmission Risk Potential Among Persons Receiving HIV Care — United States, 2014 [2018]

• Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care
  • Clinician Perspectives on Delaying Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy for Clinically Eligible HIV-Infected Patients [2015]

• New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute
  • Virologic and Immunologic Monitoring

Vietnam

• PLoS ONE
  • Assessment of WHO criteria for identifying ART treatment failure in Vietnam from 2007 to 2011 [2017]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Module for assessing and strengthening the quality of viral load testing data within HIV programmes and patient monitoring systems [2020]
  • Public health approach to quality HIV testing in the context of antiretroviral drugs [2018]
  • HIV treatment and care: what's new in treatment monitoring: viral load and CD4 testing: information note [2017]
  • Guidelines for managing advanced HIV disease and rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy [2017]
  • The monitoring of adults and children on antiretroviral therapy in the 2013 WHO consolidated ARV guidelines [2014]
  • Technical and operational considerations for implementing HIV viral load testing [2014]
  • Predicting treatment failure in adults and children on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review of the performance characteristics of the 2010 WHO immunologic and clinical criteria for virologic failure [2014]
  • Optimal strategies for monitoring response to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adults, adolescents, children and pregnant women: a systematic review [2014]
  • Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: a systematic review [2014]
  • Country experiences in implementing patient monitoring systems for HIV care and antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia, Guyana and India : an overview of best practices and lessons learned [2010]
  • Patient monitoring guidelines for HIV care and antiretroviral therapy [2006]

Zambia

• PLoS Medicine
  • Estimating the real-world effects of expanding antiretroviral treatment eligibility: Evidence from a regression discontinuity analysis in Zambia [2018]

Zimbabwe

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • HIV Disease Progression Among Antiretroviral Therapy Patients in Zimbabwe: A Multistate Markov Model [2019]

• Public Health Action
  • Critical considerations for adopting the HIV ‘treat all’ approach in Zimbabwe: is the nation poised? [2016]

{Related topics}

• Guidelines
  • Antiretroviral therapy