TABLE 2. Normal values of semen variables.
| Volume | ≥ 2.0 ml |
| pH | 7.2 - 8.0 |
| Sperm concentration | ≥ 20 x 106/ml |
| Total sperm count | ≥ 40 x 106 |
| Motility (within 60 minutes of ejaculation) |
≥
50% with forward motility or ≥ 25% with rapid progression |
| Morphology | ≥ 30% with normal forms |
| Vitality | ≥ 75% live |
| White blood cells | < 1 x 106/ml |
| a-Glucosidase (neutral) | ≥ 20 mU/ejaculate |
| Zinc | ≥ 2.4 µmol/ejaculate |
| Citric acid | ≥ 52 µmol/ejaculate |
| Acid phosphatase | ≥ 200 U/ejaculate |
| Fructose | ≥ 13 µmol/ejaculate |
| Immunobead test | < 20% spermatozoa with adherent particles |
| MAR test | < 10% spermatozoa with adherent particles |
Source: WHO, 1992.