Breastfeeding

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Breastfeeding promotion

Arab countries

• Maternal and Child Health Journal
  • Interventions and Programs to Promote Breastfeeding in Arabic-Speaking Countries: A Scoping Review [2023]

Australia

• Department of Health and Aged Care
  • Australian National Breastfeeding Strategy

• Maternal & Child Nutrition
  • Breastfeeding after return to work: An Australian national workplace survey [2023]

• NSW Health
  • Breastfeeding in NSW - Promotion, Protection and Support

• SA Health
  • Breastfeeding Policy

• WA Health
  • Breastfeeding protection promotion and support

• Women and Birth
  • Publicly available Australian hospital data on infant feeding: A review and comparative analysis of outcomes [2024]

Australia, New Zealand

• Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Position statement on breastfeeding/lactation in the workplace [2023]

Brazil

• International Breastfeeding Journal
  • External evaluation and self-monitoring of the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative’s maternity hospitals in Brazil [2019]

• Reproductive Health
  • The baby-friendly hospital initiative and breastfeeding at birth in Brazil: a cross sectional study [2016]

• Revista Paulista de Pediatria
  • Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative: evaluation of the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding [2013]

Canada

• BMJ Open Quality
  • Promoting maternal-child health by increasing breastfeeding rates: a National Canadian Baby-Friendly Initiative Quality Improvement Collaborative Project [2024]

• Canadian Medical Education Journal
  • Creating a national breastfeeding and lactation policy for Canadian surgical residents [2025]

• CMAJ
  • Breastfeeding unfriendly in Canada? [2013]

• Perinatal Services BC
  • Lactation and Newborn Feeding Support (Third Trimester)
  • Lactation and Newborn Feeding Support (Postpartum)
  • Lactation and Newborn Feeding Support (First and Second Trimester)

• Public Health Agency of Canada
  • Protecting, Promoting And Supporting Breastfeeding: A Practical Workbook For Community-based Programs - 2nd Edition [2014]

Developed countries

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
  • Breastfeeding Programs and Policies, Breastfeeding Uptake, and Maternal Health Outcomes in Developed Countries [2018]

Developing countries

• World Health Organization
  • Community-based strategies for breastfeeding promotion and support in developing countries [2003]

Ethiopia

• Maternal & Child Nutrition
  • The impact of intrapartum and immediate post-partum complications and newborn care practices on breastfeeding initiation in Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study [2023]

• Reproductive Health
  • The effect of unemployment and post-natal care on the exclusive breast-feeding practice of women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

Europe

• European Standards of Care for Newborn Health
  • Promotion of breastfeeding

• International Breastfeeding Journal
  • Maternal employment characteristics as a structural social determinant of breastfeeding after return to work in the European Region: a scoping review [2024]

• WHO European Region
  • Interpersonal communication skills for supporting breastfeeding mothers: a handbook for community health support staff in emergency settings [2024]

France

• Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
  • Initiating and Supporting Breastfeeding: Guidelines for Interventions during the Perinatal Period from the French National College of Midwives [2022]

Germany

• Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture
  • National Strategy for the Promotion of Breastfeeding

• Maternal & Child Nutrition
  • The role of breastfeeding promotion in German hospitals for exclusive breastfeeding duration [2022]

India

• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
  • Programme for Promotion of Breastfeeding [2016]

Indonesia

• Journal of Human Lactation
  • Breastfeeding Support and Protection During Natural Disaster and Climate-Related Emergencies in Indonesia: Policy Audit [2025]

International

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Promoting the practice of exclusive breastfeeding: a philosophic scoping review [2022]

• BMC Public Health
  • Psychometrics of the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale and short form: a systematic review [2024]

• Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
  • Promotion, protection, and support of breastfeeding at work, and achieving sustainable development: a scoping review [2023]

• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies [2022]

• Health Education & Behavior
  • Effects of Prenatal Breastfeeding Education on Breastfeeding Duration Beyond 12 Weeks: A Systematic Review [2024]

• International Breastfeeding Journal
  • Improving breastfeeding support through the implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital and Community Initiatives: a scoping review [2023]

• International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
  • An exploration of prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy: a scoping review [2024]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Impact and Effectiveness of Group Strategies for Supporting Breastfeeding after Birth: A Systematic Review [2021]

• International Journal of Nursing Studies
  • Text messaging interventions for breastfeeding outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• International Pediatric Association
  • Role of Pediatricians in Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding: A Position Paper of the International Pediatric Association Strategic Advisory Group on Infant, Child, and Adolescent Nutrition [2023]

• Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing
  • Scoping Review of Women's Experiences of Breastfeeding Associated With Maternity Care in Hospitals That Implement Baby-Friendly Policies [2025]

• Journal of Public Health Policy
  • Translating results into action: the global impact of the World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative [2023]

• Maternal & Child Nutrition
  • What makes a city 'breastfeeding-friendly'? A scoping review of indicators of a breastfeeding-friendly city [2024]
  • What works to protect, promote and support breastfeeding on a large scale: A review of reviews [2022]
  • Countries' experiences scaling up national breastfeeding, protection, promotion and support programmes: Comparative case studies analysis [2022]

• Midwifery
  • Nurse and midwife interventions to protect, promote and support breastfeeding: An umbrella review [2025]

• Reproductive Health
  • Effect of online intervention mode on breastfeeding results: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

• Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP
  • Use of technologies by nurses to promote breastfeeding: a scoping review [2024]

• SBCC Implementation Kits
  • Supporting Breastfeeding Interventions for Faith-Based Organizations

• Women and Birth
  • Impact of baby-friendly hospital initiatives on breastfeeding outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

Iran

• Health Education Research
  • Breastfeeding interventions and programs conducted in the Islamic Republic of Iran: a scoping review [2025]

Ireland

• Ireland's Health Services
  • National Standards for Infant Feeding in Maternity Services [2022]
  • Breastfeeding policy for staff working in the public health service [2020]
  • National Infant feeding Policy for Primary Care Teams and Community Healthcare Settings [2019]
  • Infant Feeding Policy for Maternity Neonatal Services [2019]

• PLoS ONE
  • Breastfeeding related knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practices of primary healthcare professionals in Ireland: A national cross-sectional survey [2025]

• Royal College of Physicians of Ireland
  • A position paper on breastfeeding [2021]

Italy

• Italian Journal of Pediatrics
  • Current hospital policies on breastfeeding: a survey from Italy [2024]

• Società Italiana di Neonatologia
  • Tele-support in breastfeeding: position statement of the Italian society of Neonatology [2024]

Japan

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Japanese trends in breastfeeding rate in baby-friendly hospitals between 2007 and 2010: a retrospective hospital-based surveillance study [2013]

Kenya

• Ministry of Health Kenya
  • Implementation framework for securing a breastfeeding friendly environment at work places [2020]
  • Guidelines for securing a breastfeeding friendly environment at the work place [2018]

Kyrgyzstan

• Maternal & Child Nutrition
  • Building the competency of health professionals in the Kyrgyz Republic for the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative [2023]

Latin America and the Caribbean

• Pan American Health Organization
  • The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative in Latin America and the Caribbean: Current status, challenges, and opportunities [2016]

Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain

• Health Promotion Practice
  • A Scoping Review of Breastfeeding Interventions and Programs Conducted Across Spanish-Speaking Countries [2025]

Low and middle income countries

• BMC Public Health
  • Effect of breastfeeding promotion interventions on breastfeeding rates, with special focus on developing countries [2011]

• BMJ Global Health
  • Does extending the duration of legislated paid maternity leave improve breastfeeding practices? Evidence from 38 low-income and middle-income countries [2018]

• International Breastfeeding Journal
  • Maternity protection entitlements for non-standard workers in low-and-middle-income countries and potential implications for breastfeeding practices: a scoping review of research since 2000 [2023]

• Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
  • Engaging men to promote and support exclusive breastfeeding: a descriptive review of 28 projects in 20 low- and middle-income countries from 2003 to 2013 [2017]

• Nutrients
  • Effectiveness of Breastfeeding Support Packages in Low- and Middle-Income Countries for Infants under Six Months: A Systematic Review [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Peer Support and Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2012]

Mexico

• Current Developments in Nutrition
  • Scaling Up Breastfeeding Programs in Mexico: Lessons Learned from the Becoming Breastfeeding Friendly Initiative [2018]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative in Mexico: a systematic literature review using the RE-AIM framework [2023]

New Zealand

• Health New Zealand
  • National Breastfeeding Strategy for New Zealand Aotearoa

Nigeria, South-East Asia

• Maternal & Child Nutrition
  • Advocating for Paid Maternity Leave and Workplace Lactation Policy Reform and Implementation: Lessons Learned From Indonesia, Nigeria, the Philippines and Vietnam [2025]

Philippines

• International Breastfeeding Journal
  • Maternity protection policies and the enabling environment for breastfeeding in the Philippines: a qualitative study [2023]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Implementation and Effectiveness of Policies Adopted to Enable Breastfeeding in the Philippines Are Limited by Structural and Individual Barriers [2022]

Saudi Arabia

• Nurse Education in Practice
  • Cultural and linguistic appropriateness of a web-based breastfeeding educational resource for Saudi women: Consensus development conference approach [2023]

Serbia

• Anthropologies of Global Maternal and Reproductive Health
  • Baby (Not So) Friendly: Implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative in Serbia [2022]

South Africa

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Baseline status regarding compliance with neo-BFHI recommendations in South African neonatal wards: a cross-sectional survey [2023]

• International Journal for Equity in Health
  • Breastfeeding inequities in South Africa: Can enforcement of the WHO Code help address them? – A systematic scoping review [2021]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• Advances in Nutrition
  • Early Infant Feeding Practices among Women Engaged in Paid Work in Africa: A Systematic Scoping Review [2024]

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Poor access to breastfeeding counseling services and associated factors among lactating mothers who had optimal antenatal care follow-up in Sub-saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis of the recent Demographic and Health Survey [2024]

• Global Health Research and Policy
  • Barriers and facilitators for early and exclusive breastfeeding in health facilities in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review [2021]

Taiwan

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Public policy on breastfeeding among working mothers in Taiwan: comparison between two national surveys [2023]

Trinidad and Tobago

• Ministry of Health Trinidad and Tobago
  • National Breastfeeding Policy [2020]

Turkey

• Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
  • Baby-friendly hospitals in Turkey: evaluation of adherence to the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding [2022]

• Italian Journal of Pediatrics
  • The interplay between maternal employment dynamics and trends in breastfeeding practices over the past decade [2024]

Uganda

• Ministry of Health Uganda
  • Baby-Friendly Health Facility Initiative - BFHFI [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Peer Counselling for the Promotion of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Uganda [2015]

United Kingdom

• BMC Public Health
  • The cost-effectiveness of antenatal and postnatal education and support interventions for women aimed at promoting breastfeeding in the UK [2022]

• Journal of Human Lactation
  • Stakeholder Perspectives on Research, Policy and Practice Priorities to Increase Human Milk Feeding Rates in the United Kingdom [2024]

• Maternal & Child Nutrition
  • Gearing to success with national breastfeeding programmes: The Becoming Breastfeeding Friendly (BBF) initiative experience [2023]
  • Becoming breastfeeding friendly in Wales: Recommendations for scaling up breastfeeding support [2023]

• Office for Health Improvement and Disparities
  • Early years high impact area 3: Supporting breastfeeding

• Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health
  • Breastfeeding in the UK - position statement [2022]

• Scottish Government
  • Breastfeeding peer support core principles for volunteering in Scotland: guidance [2021]

• United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF
  • The Unicef UK Baby Friendly Initiative

• Welsh Government
  • All Wales Breastfeeding 5 Year Action Plan [2019]

United States

• Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
  • Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Position Statement: Breastfeeding in Emergencies [2024]
  • ABM Position Statement: Paid Maternity Leave-Importance to Society, Breastfeeding, and Sustainable Development [2024]
  • ABM Clinical Protocol #19: Breastfeeding Promotion in the Prenatal Period (Revised 2024) [2024]
  • ABM Clinical Protocol #14: Breastfeeding-Friendly Physician's Office—Optimizing Care for Infants and Children [2021]
  • ABM Clinical Protocol #7: Model Maternity Policy Supportive of Breastfeeding [2018]
  • ABM Position on Breastfeeding—Revised 2015 [2015]
  • Breastfeeding Support for Mothers in Workplace Employment or Educational Settings: Summary Statement [2013]

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
  • Interventions to Support Breastfeeding: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force [2025]

• American Academy of Family Physicians
  • Breastfeeding, Family Physicians Supporting (Position Paper) [2022]

• American Academy of Pediatrics
  • Paid Family and Medical Leave: Policy Statement [2024]
  • The Breastfeeding-Friendly Pediatric Office Practice [2017]

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • Practice Advisory to Update the Duration of Breastfeeding [2023]
  • Barriers to Breastfeeding: Supporting Initiation and Continuation of Breastfeeding [2021]
  • Optimizing Support for Breastfeeding as Part of Obstetric Practice [2018]

• Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition
  • Compliance with the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative and impact on breastfeeding rates [2013]

• Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
  • Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk [2021]

• Birth
  • Baby-Friendly Hospital Practices and Birth Costs [2013]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Understanding lactation policies and resources across a university system: survey and document review [2024]
  • Changes in maternity care policies and practices that support breastfeeding as measured by the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding - United States, 2018-2022 [2024]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Implementing Legislation to Improve Hospital Support of Breastfeeding, New York State, 2009–2013 [2015]

• International Breastfeeding Journal
  • State paid family leave policies and breastfeeding duration: cross-sectional analysis of 2021 national immunization survey-child [2024]
  • A systematic literature review of breastfeeding interventions among Black populations using the RE-AIM framework [2022]

• International Journal for Equity in Health
  • Impact of breastfeeding interventions among United States minority women on breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review [2021]

• JAMA Network Open
  • Policies to Support Lactation at Highly Ranked US Medical Schools [2023]

• Maternal and Child Health Journal
  • Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Hospital Breastfeeding Care in the US [2025]

• National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners
  • NAPNAP Position Statement on Breastfeeding [2019]

• National Commission on Correctional Health Care
  • Breastfeeding in Correctional Settings [2023]

• Nursing Research
  • Nurse-Reported Staffing Guidelines and Exclusive Breast Milk Feeding [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Women's status, breastfeeding support, and breastfeeding practices in the United States [2022]

• Public Health Reports
  • National Policies on Parental Leave and Breastfeeding Breaks: Racial, Ethnic, Gender, and Age Disparities in Access and Implications for Infant and Child Health [2024]

• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
  • Breastfeeding: Primary Care Behavioral Counseling Interventions [2025]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services: the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative: monitoring manual [2025]
  • Global breastfeeding scorecard 2022: protecting breadsfeeding through further investments and policy actions [2022]
  • Global breastfeeding scorecard 2021: protecting breastfeeding through bold national actions during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond [2021]
  • Advocacy brief: nutrition for growth year of action: nine SMART breastfeeding pledges [2021]
  • Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding: the baby-friendly hospital initiative for small, sick and preterm newborns [2020]
  • Competency verification toolkit: Ensuring competency of direct care providers to implement the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative [2020]
  • Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative training course for maternity staff [2020]
  • Maternity leave legislation in support of breastfeeding: case studies around the world [2019]
  • Global breastfeeding scorecard 2019: increasing commitment to breastfeeding through funding and improved policies and programmes [2019]
  • Breastfeeding and family-friendly policies: advocacy brief [2019]
  • Implementation guidance: protecting, promoting, and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services: the revised Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative 2018 [2018]
  • National implementation of the baby-friendly hospital initiative [2017]
  • Guideline: protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services [2017]
  • Breastfeeding Advocacy Initiative [2015]
  • Baby-friendly hospital initiative: revised, updated and expanded for integrated care [2009]
  • Ten steps to successful breastfeeding
  • Protecting, supporting and promoting breastfeeding
  • Promoting baby-friendly hospitals

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • Summary report on the training workshop on the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative for policy-makers in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Amman, Jordan 15–17 December 2015 [2016]

WHO South-East Asia Region

• WHO South-East Asia Region
  • Regional Consultation to Protect, Promote and Support Breastfeeding with a Focus on Baby Friendly Hospital Practices [2017]

WHO Western Pacific Region

• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • Protecting, supporting and promoting breastfeeding

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Breastfeeding