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TABLE 2. Normal values of semen variables.

Volume ≥ 2.0 ml
pH 7.2 - 8.0
Sperm concentration ≥ 20 x 106/ml
Total sperm count ≥ 40 x 106
Motility (within 60 minutes of ejaculation) ≥ 50% with forward motility or
≥ 25% with rapid progression
Morphology ≥ 30% with normal forms
Vitality ≥ 75% live
White blood cells < 1 x 106/ml
a-Glucosidase (neutral) ≥ 20 mU/ejaculate
Zinc ≥ 2.4 µmol/ejaculate
Citric acid ≥ 52 µmol/ejaculate
Acid phosphatase ≥ 200 U/ejaculate
Fructose ≥ 13 µmol/ejaculate
Immunobead test < 20% spermatozoa with adherent particles
MAR test < 10% spermatozoa with adherent particles

Source: WHO, 1992.