Family planning

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Oral contraceptives

Australia

• Australian Family Physician
  • Oral hormonal contraception in special circumstances [2017]
  • Risk of venous thromboembolism in women taking the combined oral contraceptive: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2016]

Brazil

• Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
  • Combined Oral Contraceptive Use and the Risk of Cervical Cancer: Literature Review [2023]

Canada

• CMAJ Open
  • Cancer incidence attributable to the use of oral contraceptives and hormone therapy in Alberta in 2012 [2016]

France

• PLoS ONE
  • Estimate of Venous Thromboembolism and Related-Deaths Attributable to the Use of Combined Oral Contraceptives in France [2014]

High-income countries

• Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
  • Estetrol-based combined oral contraceptives: A systematic review of clinical outcomes [2026]

India

• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
  • Reference Manual for Oral Contraceptive Pills [2016]

International

• Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
  • Comparative effectiveness and safety of different progestins in combined oral contraceptives: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [2025]

• BMJ Global Health
  • Should oral contraceptive pills be available without a prescription? A systematic review of over-the-counter and pharmacy access availability [2019]

• BMJ Open
  • Scoping review to map evidence on mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, effectiveness and side effects of centchroman as a contraceptive pill [2019]

• Contraception
  • Effectiveness and efficacy rates of progestin-only pills: A comprehensive literature review [2023]

• Frontiers in Endocrinology
  • Combined Oral Contraceptives and Venous Thromboembolism: Review and Perspective to Mitigate the Risk [2021]

• Hypertension
  • Oral Contraceptive Pills and Hypertension: A Review of Current Evidence and Recommendations [2023]

Italy

• Gynecological Endocrinology
  • Overcoming barriers to oral contraception in Italy an expert opinion to empower women [2023]
  • Attitudes of women and pharmacists on the opportunity to obtain a progestogen-only pill over the counter - Italian outcomes [2023]

Latin America

• Asociación Latinoamericana de Anticoncepción
  • Combined oral contraceptives: update recommendations of the Latin American contraceptive association [2023]

Lebanon

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Oral contraceptive pills shortage in Lebanon amidst the economic collapse: a nationwide exploratory study [2023]

• BMC Public Health
  • Gap in knowledge of health benefits and risks of combined oral contraceptives among Lebanese women [2024]

• BMC Women's Health
  • Prevalence of anxiety and depression among Lebanese women using oral contraceptives: a cross-sectional study [2024]

Netherlands

• International Journal of Epidemiology
  • Associations of periconceptional oral contraceptive use with pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes [2023]

Nigeria

• Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare
  • An assessment of the quality of advice provided by patent medicine vendors to users of oral contraceptive pills in urban Nigeria [2014]

Norway

• BMJ Open
  • Do Norwegian providers comply with national recommendations when prescribing combined oral contraceptives to starters? A cohort study [2019]

Republic of Korea

• Healthcare
  • Trends and Factors Associated with Oral Contraceptive Use among Korean Women [2021]

United Kingdom

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • The risk of venous thromboembolism in oral contraceptive users: the role of genetic factors-a prospective cohort study of 240,000 women in the UK Biobank [2024]

• British Journal of General Practice
  • Prescribing the oral contraceptive pill: key considerations for primary care physicians [2021]

• College of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare
  • FSRH Statement: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and oral contraception [2025]
  • Progestogen-only Pills

• Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
  • Population-based cohort study of oral contraceptive use and risk of depression [2023]

• International Journal of Women's Health
  • Offering extended use of the combined contraceptive pill: a survey of specialist family planning services [2013]

• Lancet Oncology
  • Oral contraceptive use and risk of liver cancer: a population-based study, systematic review, and meta-analysis [2025]

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Combined oral contraception: nomegestrol/estradiol (Zoely) [2013]

United States

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • First Over-the-Counter Daily Contraceptive Pill Released [2024]

• Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
  • An overview of over-the-counter contraceptives: Spotlight on daily oral norgestrel [2025]

• Food and Drug Administration
  • Clinical Drug Interaction Studies With Combined Oral Contraceptives Guidance for Industry [2023]

• Journal of Affective Disorders
  • Association of oral contraceptive pill use and depression among US women [2024]

• Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
  • Establishing a Quantitative Framework for Combined Oral Contraceptives: Evaluating the Impact of Drug-Drug Interactions on Exposure and Clinical (Surrogate) Efficacy Endpoints [2025]

• National Cancer Institute
  • Oral Contraceptives and Cancer Risk

• StatPearls
  • Oral Contraceptive Pills

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Hormonal contraception
  • Family planning, contraception
  • Emergency contraception