Genital infections, sexually transmitted diseases

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Candidiasis

Australia

• Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
  • Candidiasis

Austria, Germany, Switzerland

• Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
  • Vulvovaginal Candidosis (Excluding Mucocutaneous Candidosis): Guideline of the German (DGGG), Austrian (OEGGG) and Swiss (SGGG) Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/072, September 2020) [2021]

Brazil

• Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Brazilian guidelines for the management of candidiasis – a joint meeting report of three medical societies: Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia, Sociedade Paulista de Infectologia and Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical [2013]

Canada

• BC Centre for Disease Control
  • Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC)

Eritrea

• Mycoses
  • Current situation of fungal diseases in Eritrea [2022]

Europe

• European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
  • ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: diagnostic procedures [2012]

• Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
  • Management of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis: Narrative review of the literature and European expert panel opinion [2022]

Germany

• Current Medical Mycology
  • Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in gynecological practices in Germany: A retrospective study of 954,186 patients [2018]

International

• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Treatment for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush) [2022]
  • Oral versus intra-vaginal imidazole and triazole anti-fungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush) [2020]

• European Confederation of Medical Mycology
  • Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of candidiasis: an initiative of the ECMM in cooperation with ISHAM and ASM [2025]

• Journal of Fungi
  • Vulvovaginal Candidosis: Current Concepts, Challenges and Perspectives [2020]
  • Global and Multi-National Prevalence of Fungal Diseases—Estimate Precision [2017]

• Pharmaceuticals
  • Clotrimazole for Vulvovaginal Candidosis: More Than 45 Years of Clinical Experience [2020]

• PLoS ONE
  • Distribution, antifungal susceptibility pattern and intra-Candida albicans species complex prevalence of Candida africana: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

Ireland

• Ireland's Health Services
  • Candida, genital thrush

Kazakhstan

• Journal of Fungi
  • An Estimate of Severe and Chronic Fungal Diseases in the Republic of Kazakhstan [2018]

Namibia

• Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
  • Importance of Candida infection and fluconazole resistance in women with vaginal discharge syndrome in Namibia [2022]

Netherlands

• Mycoses
  • Burden of serious fungal infections in the Netherlands [2020]

New Zealand

• New Zealand Sexual Health Society
  • Candidiasis

Sri Lanka

• Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
  • Management of Candida Vulvovaginitis [2022]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• PLoS ONE
  • Immune responses to vaginal candidiasis in African women: A scoping review of cytokine profiles, T-cell activation, and gene expression [2025]

Tunisia

• Journal of Medical Mycology
  • The incidence and prevalence of serious fungal diseases in Tunisia [2024]

United Kingdom

• British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
  • Vulvovaginal Candidiasis 2019 [2019]

• British Journal of General Practice
  • A cost-effectiveness analysis of the use of oral ibrexafungerp versus fluconazole for acute vulvovaginal candidiasis in the UK NHS primary care service [2024]

United States

• BMC Women's Health
  • Survey of incidence, lifetime prevalence, and treatment of self-reported vulvovaginal candidiasis, United States, 2020 [2022]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: A Review of the Evidence for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines [2022]
  • Vulvovaginal Candidiasis - STI Treatment Guidelines [2021]
  • Candidiasis

• Infectious Diseases Society of America
  • Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America [2016]

• PLoS ONE
  • Survey of healthcare providers' testing practices for vulvovaginal candidiasis and treatment outcomes-United States, 2021 [2022]
  • Possible misdiagnosis, inappropriate empiric treatment, and opportunities for increased diagnostic testing for patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis-United States, 2018 [2022]

• StatPearls
  • Fluconazole

• Women's Health Reports
  • Topical Treatment of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: An Expert Consensus [2022]

Uruguay

• Journal of Fungi
  • Estimating the Burden of Serious Fungal Infections in Uruguay [2018]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Landscape analysis of commercially available and pipeline in vitro diagnostics for fungal priority pathogens [2025]
  • Antifungal agents in clinical and preclinical development: overview and analysis [2025]
  • Recommendations for the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Candida albicans, bacterial vaginosis and human papillomavirus (anogenital warts): Web Annex C. Evidence-to-decision framework and systematic review for the WHO treatment recommendations for Candida albicans [2024]

Zimbabwe

• Scientific Reports
  • Determining the burden of fungal infections in Zimbabwe [2021]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Vulvitis, vaginitis, vaginal discharge
  • Candidiasis in pregnancy and newborn