Genital infections, sexually transmitted diseases

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Chlamydia infections

Australia

• Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
  • Chlamydia

• Australian Journal of General Practice
  • New best practice guidance for general practice to reduce chlamydia-associated reproductive complications in women [2021]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Improving chlamydia knowledge should lead to increased chlamydia testing among Australian general practitioners: a cross-sectional study of chlamydia testing uptake in general practice [2014]
  • The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Australia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2012]

• Department of Health and Aged Care
  • Chlamydial infection

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • The Association between the Australian Alcopops Tax and National Chlamydia Rates among Young People—an Interrupted Time Series Analysis [2020]

• Medical Journal of Australia
  • Chlamydia prevention and management in Australia: reducing the burden of disease [2022]

Belgium

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Prevalence estimates of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Belgium: results from two cross-sectional studies [2021]

Canada

• Government of Alberta
  • Alberta public health notifiable disease management guidelines : chlamydia

• Public Health Agency of Canada
  • Chlamydia 2010–2015 [2018]
  • Chlamydia and LGV guide: Key information and resources

• Public Health Ontario
  • Chlamydia

China

• BMC Public Health
  • Prevalence and trends of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in female sex workers and men who have sex with men in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Prevalence of and risk factors for chlamydia in female outpatients with genital tract infections: a nationwide multi-center, cross-sectional study in China [2023]

Denmark

• Acta Dermato-Venereologica
  • A Nationwide Observational Study of Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Denmark during the COVID-19 Pandemic [2022]

Europe

• BMC Public Health
  • Provision of chlamydia testing, and training of primary health care staff about chlamydia testing, across four European countries [2014]

• BMJ Open
  • Primary care integration of sexual and reproductive health services for chlamydia testing across WHO-Europe: a systematic review [2019]

• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
  • Chlamydia - Annual Epidemiological Report for 2023 [2025]
  • Guidance on chlamydia control in Europe [2016]
  • Chlamydia control in Europe: Qualitative evaluation of the impact of the 2009 ECDC guidance [2015]
  • Chlamydia control in Europe: literature review [2014]
  • Chlamydia infection

• European Journal of Public Health
  • Changes in chlamydia control activities in Europe between 2007 and 2012: a cross-national survey [2015]

• EuroSurveillance
  • Europe-wide investigation to assess the presence of new variant of Chlamydia trachomatis in Europe [2007]

• International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • 2025 European guideline on the management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections [2025]

• PLoS ONE
  • Genital Chlamydia Prevalence in Europe and Non-European High Income Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2015]

Germany

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Not again! Effect of previous test results, age group and reason for testing on (re-)infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in Germany [2018]

• BMC Public Health
  • Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in the general population in Germany – a triangulation of data from two population-based health surveys and a laboratory sentinel system [2022]

• EuroSurveillance
  • Establishment of a voluntary electronic Chlamydia trachomatis laboratory surveillance system in Germany, 2008 to 2014 [2017]

High-income countries

• Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • What is the effectiveness of community-based health promotion campaigns on chlamydia screening uptake in young people and what barriers and facilitators have been identified? A mixed-methods systematic review [2022]

Hong Kong

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Evaluating the impact and cost-effectiveness of chlamydia management strategies in Hong Kong: A modeling study [2022]

Iceland

• Acta Dermato-Venereologica
  • Chlamydia trachomatis in Iceland: Prevalence, Clinico-epidemiological Features and Comparison of Cobas 480 CT/NG and Aptima Combo 2 (CT/NG) for Diagnosis [2021]

India

• Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis among Childbearing Age Women in India: A Systematic Review [2016]

• Pathogens and Disease
  • Burden of Chlamydia trachomatis in India: a systematic literature review [2017]

International

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Controversies and evidence on Chlamydia testing and treatment in asymptomatic women and men who have sex with men: a narrative review [2022]
  • Prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the general population: a meta-analysis [2020]

• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Rapid point of care test for detecting urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in nonpregnant women and men at reproductive age [2020]

Iran

• Medicine
  • A PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis on Chlamydia trachomatis infections in Iranian women (1986-2015) [2018]

• Pathogens and Global Health
  • Prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2015]

Ireland

• Ireland's Health Services
  • Chlamydia trachomatis

Italy

• Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità
  • Estimated burden of Chlamydia trachomatis female infection and consequent severe pelvic inflammatory disease, Italy, 2005-2016 [2019]

Middle East, North Africa

• Lancet Global Health
  • Epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis in the Middle East and north Africa: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression [2019]

Netherlands

• BMC Family Practice
  • Partner notification and partner treatment for chlamydia: attitude and practice of general practitioners in the Netherlands; a landscape analysis [2017]

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Barriers to and facilitators of partner notification for chlamydia trachomatis among health care professionals [2014]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Repeat Chlamydia trachomatis testing among heterosexual STI outpatient clinic visitors in the Netherlands: a longitudinal study [2017]

• Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Where to go to in chlamydia control? From infection control towards infectious disease control [2021]

New Zealand

• New Zealand Sexual Health Society
  • Chlamydia

Norway

• EuroSurveillance
  • Denominators count: supplementing surveillance data for genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection with testing data, Norway, 2007 to 2013 [2015]

Panama

• Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Prevalence and determinants of genital Chlamydia trachomatis among school-going, sexually experienced adolescents in urban and rural Indigenous regions of Panama [2021]

Poland

• EuroSurveillance
  • Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in young adults – a school-based bio-behavioural study in urban areas, Poland, 2012 to 2015 [2018]

Slovenia

• Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica
  • Prevalence of and risk factors for sexually transmitted infection with Chlamydia trachomatis to guide control measures: findings from the Slovenian National Survey of Sexual Lifestyles, Attitudes, and Health in 2016-2017 [2021]

• Slovenian Journal of Public Health
  • Under-reporting of sexually transmitted infection with chlamydia trachomatis - a revision of surveillance system is required [2016]

Solomon Islands

• Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Mass drug administration of azithromycin for trachoma reduces the prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the Solomon Islands [2016]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis infection among reproductive age women in sub Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2018]

Sweden

• Sexually Transmitted Diseases
  • Changes in the Trend of Sexually Acquired Chlamydia Infections in Sweden and the Role of Testing: A Time Series Analysis [2021]

Switzerland

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Who Is Best to Test? A Systematic Review of Chlamydia Infections in Switzerland [2020]

United Kingdom

• BMJ Open
  • An observational study to evaluate three pilot programmes of retesting chlamydia-positive individuals within 6 months in the South West of England [2015]

• British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
  • Chlamydia 2015 [2015]

• British Fertility Society
  • Impact of Chlamydia trachomatis in the reproductive setting: British Fertility Society Guidelines for Practice [2011]

• Epidemiology & Infection
  • Has Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence in young women in England, Scotland and Wales changed? Evidence from national probability surveys [2019]

• EuroSurveillance
  • Filling in the gaps: estimating numbers of chlamydia tests and diagnoses by age group and sex before and during the implementation of the English National Screening Programme, 2000 to 2012 [2017]

• Public Health England
  • NCSP: audit reports and tools
  • Chlamydia: integrating screening into primary care and sexual health services
  • Chlamydia: guidance on reporting in CTAD and GUMCADv2
  • Chlamydia: commissioning internet based screening
  • Chlamydia screening in general practice and community pharmacies
  • Chlamydia detection rate: considerations for commissioning
  • Chlamydia Testing Activity Dataset: commissioning guidance

• Right Decisions
  • Chlamydia CEG

• Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Is chlamydia screening and testing in Britain reaching young adults at risk of infection? Findings from the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3) [2015]

• UK Health Security Agency
  • National Chlamydia Screening Programme (NCSP)
  • Chlamydia: surveillance, data, screening and management
  • CTAD Chlamydia Surveillance System

• UK National Screening Committee
  • Chlamydia (adult)

United States

• Annals of Family Medicine
  • It’s Time to Expand Chlamydia Treatment for Gay and Bisexual Men [2021]
  • Impact of Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines on Screening for Chlamydia [2015]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Diagnosis and Management of Uncomplicated Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Adolescents and Adults: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines [2022]
  • Chlamydia

• Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • Potential for Point-of-Care Tests to Reduce Chlamydia-associated Burden in the United States: A Mathematical Modeling Analysis [2020]

• Sexually Transmitted Diseases
  • Costs, Health Benefits, and Cost-Effectiveness of Chlamydia Screening and Partner Notification in the United States, 2000-2019: A Mathematical Modeling Analysis [2023]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Updated recommendations for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum and new recommendations on syphilis testing and partner services: Web Annex B. Evidence-to-decision framework and systematic review to update the WHO treatment recommendations for Chlamydia trachomatis [2024]
  • WHO guidelines for the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis [2016]
  • Chlamydia: Fact sheet
  • Chlamydia

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Sexually transmitted infections
  • Lymphogranuloma venereum
  • Chlamydia infection in pregnancy
  • Cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease