Africa - Americas - Australia - Australia, New Zealand - Brazil - Canada - China - East Africa - Eastern Europe - Ethiopia - Europe - France - Germany - International - Ireland - Japan - Jordan - Latin America - Latin America and the Caribbean - Low and middle income countries - Mongolia - Netherlands - New Zealand - Peru - Portugal, Spain - Republic of Korea - Singapore - South Africa - Spain - Sub-Saharan Africa - Taiwan - United Kingdom - United States - United States, Western Europe - WHO - Zambia - {Related topics}

Africa

• PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
  • Neurosyphilis in Africa: A systematic review [2017]

Americas

• Pan American Health Organization
  • Agreement for action: 15 key recommendations to eliminate syphilis and congenital syphilis in the Americas [2025]
  • Guidance for the Elimination of Syphilis and Congenital Syphilis in the Americas [2024]
  • Stakeholder Meeting to Address the Rise of Syphilis in the Region of the Americas [2022]
  • Epidemiological Review of Syphilis in the Americas, December 2021 [2022]
  • Syphilis

Australia

• Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
  • Syphilis

• Australian Journal of General Practice
  • The resurgence of syphilis in Australia [2024]
  • Syphilis the great mimic: Forgotten but not gone [2024]

• Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Impact and Cost-effectiveness of Regular Self-digital Anorectal Examination on Syphilis Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Mathematical Modeling Study [2025]

• Lancet Microbe
  • Characterisation of Treponema pallidum lineages within the contemporary syphilis outbreak in Australia: a genomic epidemiological analysis [2022]

• NSW Health
  • Syphilis control guideline

• WA Health
  • Syphilis

Australia, New Zealand

• Royal Australasian College of Physicians
  • Consensus Statement on the Clinical Implications of a Positive Syphilis Serology Test in the Context of a Previous Negative Syphilis Point of Care Test [2018]

Brazil

• BMC Public Health
  • Analyzing the reach of public health campaigns based on multidimensional aspects: the case of the syphilis epidemic in Brazil [2021]

• Cadernos de Saúde Pública
  • Assessment of the appropriate management of syphilis patients in primary health care in different regions of Brazil from 2012 to 2018 [2022]

• Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
  • Syphilis and penicillin shortage: surveillance, pharmaceutical services and federal response (2014-2023) [2026]

• Frontiers in Pediatrics
  • Epidemiological profile of acquired syphilis in children and adolescents in Brazil: a nationwide observational study [2026]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Analysis of the Impact of Communication Campaigns under the Project "Syphilis No": A National Tool for Inducing and Promoting Health [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Trends of syphilis in Brazil: A growth portrait of the treponemic epidemic [2020]

• Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia
  • Syphilis detection rate trend in aged people: Brazil, 2011-2019 [2023]

• Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
  • Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected the Epidemiology of Syphilis in Brazil? [2022]

• Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
  • Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: syphilis diagnostic tests [2021]
  • Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: acquired syphilis [2021]

Canada

• BC Centre for Disease Control
  • Syphilis

• Canadian Family Physician
  • Syphilis [2023]

• Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology
  • Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network laboratory guidelines for the use of serological tests (excluding point-of-care tests) for the diagnosis of syphilis in Canada [2015]
  • Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network laboratory guidelines for the use of point-of-care tests for the diagnosis of syphilis in Canada [2015]
  • Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network laboratory guidelines for the use of direct tests to detect syphilis in Canada [2015]
  • Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network laboratory guidelines for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis in Canada [2015]

• Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada
  • Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network National Syphilis In-Laboratory Serological Testing Recommendations [2025]

• Public Health Agency of Canada
  • Rising syphilis rates in Canada, 2011-2020 [2022]
  • Infectious and congenital syphilis in Canada, 2010–2015 [2018]
  • Interim Syphilis Treatment Guidelines during the Benzathine Penicillin G (Bicillin L-A) Shortage 2016 [2016]
  • Syphilis guide: Key information and resources

• Public Health Ontario
  • Syphilis

China

• BioScience Trends
  • Combating syphilis resurgence: China's multifaceted approach [2025]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Predicting the incidence of syphilis in China using Baidu search index and an ARIMAX model [2026]
  • Prevalence, incidence and risk factors of syphilis among men who have sex with men in China from 2013 to 2025: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• BMC Public Health
  • Epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in China from 2005 to 2020: predominance of latent Infections, significant burden in the elderly population, and analysis of regional disparities [2025]

• Chinese Medical Journal
  • 2019 Chinese expert consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of syphilis [2020]

• Frontiers in Immunology
  • An integrated immunopathological model of syphilis serofast: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2026]

• Infection, Genetics and Evolution
  • Correlations between incidence of syphilis and frequencies of human leukocyte antigens haplotypes in China: An ecological study [2025]

• Iranian Journal of Public Health
  • Potential Predictors for Serofast State after Treatment among HIV-Negative Persons with Syphilis in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2015]

• Journal of International Medical Research
  • Epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in mainland China, 2004 to 2019 [2024]

• Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific
  • The changing epidemiology of syphilis: new strategies for new challenges in China [2025]

• PLoS ONE
  • The prevalence of asymptomatic neurosyphilis among HIV-negative serofast patients in China: A meta-analysis [2020]
  • Time Series Modelling of Syphilis Incidence in China from 2005 to 2012 [2016]

• Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • An expanding syphilis epidemic in China: epidemiology, behavioural risk and control strategies with a focus on low-tier female sex workers and men who have sex with men [2011]

East Africa

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Prevalence and associated factors of syphilis among female sex workers in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

Eastern Europe

• Journal of Global Health
  • An estimate of syphilis incidence in Eastern Europe [2012]

Ethiopia

• BMC Public Health
  • Prevalence of syphilis and associated factors among female sex workers in Ethiopia: findings from a multilevel analysis of a national bio-behavioral survey [2023]

Europe

• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
  • Syphilis - Annual Epidemiological Report for 2024 [2026]
  • Syphilis and congenital syphilis in Europe - A review of epidemiological trends (2007–2018) and options for response [2019]
  • Syphilis

• EuroSurveillance
  • A proposal for changes to the European Union syphilis surveillance case definition using evidence from evaluations in Ireland [2018]

• International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • 2020 European guideline on the management of syphilis [2020]

• Pathogens
  • Neurosyphilis-Induced Psychosis in Europe: A Systematic Review of Case Reports [2024]

France

• Acta Dermato-Venereologica
  • Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Treponema Pallidum Subspecies Pallidum from Patients with Early Syphilis in France [2020]

Germany

• EuroSurveillance
  • Increased incidence of syphilis in men who have sex with men and risk management strategies, Germany, 2015 [2016]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Epidemiology, Management, Quality of Testing and Cost of Syphilis in Germany: A Retrospective Model Analysis [2022]

International

• Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia
  • Acquired syphilis: update on clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects [2025]

• BMC Public Health
  • Global, regional, and national trends of syphilis from 1990 to 2019: the 2019 global burden of disease study [2023]

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Factors influencing adult and adolescent completion of treatment for late syphilis: a mixed methods systematic review - PMC [2025]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Global, regional, and national burden and trends of syphilis among women of childbearing age from 1990 to 2021 [2025]
  • Syphilis response policies and their assessments: A scoping review [2022]

• Journal of Clinical Medicine
  • The Epidemiology of Syphilis Worldwide in the Last Decade [2025]

• Journal of Global Health
  • Syphilis epidemic among men who have sex with men: A global systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, incidence, and associated factors [2024]

• Journal of Translational Medicine
  • Resurgence of syphilis: focusing on emerging clinical strategies and preclinical models [2023]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Prevalence of syphilis among men who have sex with men: a global systematic review and meta-analysis from 2000–20 [2021]

• Lancet Public Health
  • The role of syphilis self-testing as an additional syphilis testing approach in key populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

• Microorganisms
  • Analysis of the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Syphilis in Susceptible Populations: Men Who Have Sex with Men, People Living with HIV, and Patients with Gestational and Congenital Syphilis-A Narrative Review [2025]

• Pathogens
  • Resurgent Syphilis Across the Globe: A Public Health Perspective on Bridging Surveillance and Strategy [2025]

• Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Improved rapid diagnostic tests to detect syphilis and yaws: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

Ireland

• Ireland's Health Services
  • Syphilis

Japan

• BMJ Open
  • Trends and characteristics of syphilis incidence in Japan: a nationwide claims-based analysis of working-age populations and their dependents, 2016-2023 [2026]

• Cureus
  • Trends in Syphilis Incidence and Its Association With the Number of Sex Industry-Related Businesses in Japan: An Ecological Study Using Joinpoint Analysis [2025]

• Emerging Infectious Diseases
  • Whole-Genome Analysis of Treponema pallidum Subspecies endemicum among Men Who Have Sex with Men, Japan, 2020-2023 [2026]

• Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
  • Trends in syphilis treatments and the impact of intramuscular injectable Benzathine penicillin G in Japan: A descriptive study using administrative claims data from April 2016 to September 2023 [2025]

Jordan

• Scientific Reports
  • Syphilis epidemiology in Jordan: prevalence, incidence, and seroreversion from 15 years of laboratory-based data [2026]

Latin America

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Syphilis in the most at-risk populations in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review [2013]

Latin America and the Caribbean

• Pan American Health Organization
  • Guidance on Syphilis Testing in Latin America and the Caribbean: Improving Uptake, Interpretation, and Quality of Testing in Different Clinical Settings [2015]

Low and middle income countries

• International Journal of Drug Policy
  • Syphilis in Drug Users in Low and Middle Income Countries [2010]

Mongolia

• Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal
  • Increasing syphilis notifications in Mongolia: results from national surveillance for 2001–2011 [2012]

Netherlands

• EuroSurveillance
  • Spatiotemporal trends and determinants of syphilis among heterosexual males and females in the Netherlands, 2011 to 2023 [2025]

New Zealand

• Health New Zealand
  • Syphilis (Limited chapter)

• New Zealand Sexual Health Society
  • Syphilis

Peru

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • High syphilis incidence among PrEP-adherent men who have sex with men and transgender women in Peru [2025]

• Pan American Health Organization
  • Strategies for the Elimination of Syphilis in Peru. Program Impact and Cost-Effectiveness Projections Using the Syphilis Interventions Towards Elimination (SITE) Model [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Risk Factors Associated with Incident Syphilis in a Cohort of High-Risk Men in Peru [2016]

Portugal, Spain

• British Journal of Ophthalmology
  • Iberian Registry of Ocular Syphilis (IBERSOS) report 1: epidemiology, clinical spectrum and treatment outcomes of ocular syphilis in the Iberian Peninsula [2026]

Republic of Korea

• Korean Journal of Internal Medicine
  • Updates on epidemiology and diagnostic tests of syphilis in South Korea [2026]

Singapore

• Communicable Diseases Agency
  • Syphilis

South Africa

• Southern African HIV Clinicians Society
  • Southern African HIV Clinicians Society Guideline for the clinical management of syphilis [2024]

Spain

• Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
  • AEDV Expert Consensus for the Management of Syphilis [2024]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• Lancet Global Health
  • Prevalence of syphilis among adults and adolescents in five sub-Saharan African countries: findings from Population-based HIV Impact Assessment surveys [2024]

Taiwan

• Biomedical Journal
  • Discrepant treponemal test results: Identification of associated risk factors through machine learning technology in 18-year electronic medical records and national claims data [2026]

United Kingdom

• British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
  • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) UK national guideline for the use of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (DoxyPEP) for the prevention of syphilis, 2025 [2025]
  • BASHH UK guidelines for the management of syphilis 2024 [2024]

• Primary Care Dermatology Society
  • Syphilis

• Public Health Scotland
  • Syphilis in Scotland

• UK Health Security Agency
  • Syphilis: surveillance, data and management

United States

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
  • Screening for Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force [2022]
  • Screening for Syphilis in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults [2016]

• American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
  • Syphilis in Dermatology: Recognition and Management [2023]

• American Journal of Preventive Medicine
  • Trends in Incidence of Syphilis Among US Adults from January 2017 to October 2024 [2025]

• American Journal of Public Health
  • Examining Trends in Substance Use Behaviors Among Women With Primary and Secondary Syphilis: United States, 2018-2023 [2025]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiological analysis of syphilis trends, disparities, and public health implications in the United States, 2018-2022 [2025]

• BMC Public Health
  • Health literacy and syphilis knowledge: findings from a national survey of U.S. women of reproductive age [2025]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • CDC Laboratory Recommendations for Syphilis Testing, United States, 2024 [2024]
  • Management of Adult Syphilis: Key Questions to Inform the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines [2022]
  • Syphilis - STI Treatment Guidelines [2021]
  • Evidence Review for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidance Development on Laboratory Testing to Detect Treponema pallidum Infection (Syphilis) [2020]
  • Increased Methamphetamine, Injection Drug, and Heroin Use Among Women and Heterosexual Men with Primary and Secondary Syphilis — United States, 2013–2017 [2019]
  • State-Specific Rates of Primary and Secondary Syphilis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men — United States, 2015 [2017]
  • Syphilis

• Clinical Chemistry
  • Advances in Syphilis Diagnostics to Address the 21st-Century Epidemic [2025]

• Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Test Performance of a Rapid Point-of-Care Syphilis Treponemal Antibody Test: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2020]

• Sexually Transmitted Diseases
  • Trends in Syphilis Partner Services Outcomes Among Women in 8 US Jurisdictions, 2015-2022 [2026]
  • Early Syphilis Cases Among Women by Sex of Sex Partners-United States, 2014-2023 [2026]
  • Assessing Alignment of Sexual Orientation and Sex of Sex Partners Among Men With Primary and Secondary Syphilis, 2022 [2026]
  • Trends in Syphilis Case Rates Among Women of Reproductive Age-United States, 2013 to 2022 [2025]
  • Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Persons Diagnosed With Primary and Secondary Syphilis Who Reported High-Risk Substance Use: Data From the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, 2018 [2022]

• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
  • Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Screening [2022]

United States, Western Europe

• PLoS ONE
  • Syphilis Trends among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States and Western Europe: A Systematic Review of Trend Studies Published between 2004 and 2015 [2016]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Updated recommendations for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum and new recommendations on syphilis testing and partner services: Web Annex E. Evidence-to-decision framework and summary of findings tables for syphilis self-testing [2024]
  • Updated recommendations for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum and new recommendations on syphilis testing and partner services: Web Annex D. Evidence-to-decision framework and summary of findings tables and for dual treponemal/non-treponemal syphilis rapid diagnostic tests [2024]
  • WHO guidelines for the treatment of Treponema pallidum (syphilis) [2016]
  • Syphilis: Fact sheet
  • Syphilis (WHO Mortality Database)
  • Syphilis

Zambia

• Journal of Public Health in Africa
  • Integrated HIV and STIs response: Trends in syphilis incidence and uptake of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis in Zambia [2025]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Sexually transmitted infections
  • HIV/AIDS and syphilis
  • Congenital syphilis, syphilis in pregnancy