HIV/AIDS

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HIV testing and diagnosis

Africa

• Global Health: Science and Practice
  • Progress in Harmonizing Tiered HIV Laboratory Systems: Challenges and Opportunities in 8 African Countries [2016]

Argentina

• PLoS ONE
  • Routine HIV Testing among Hospitalized Patients in Argentina. Is It Time for a Policy Change? [2013]

Australia

• AIDS
  • Trends in HIV testing and HIV stage at diagnosis among people newly diagnosed with HIV [2024]

• Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
  • National HIV Testing Policy

• BMC Public Health
  • Australian health care providers’ views on opt-out HIV testing [2015]

• Pathology
  • Laboratory diagnosis of HIV: a contemporary overview in the Australian context [2023]

Belize

• BMC Women's Health
  • Trends and factors associated with HIV testing among women aged 15-49 years in Belize: an analysis using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2006, 2011, and 2015-2016 [2023]

Benin

• BMJ Open
  • HIV testing and counselling among women in Benin: a cross-sectional analysis of prevalence and predictors from demographic and health survey data [2023]

Burundi

• BMJ Open
  • HIV testing uptake and determinants among adolescents and young people in Burundi: a cross-sectional analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey 2016-2017 [2022]

Canada

• Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
  • Rapid HIV Self-Testing [2023]

• Public Health Agency of Canada
  • Assessing uptake of national HIV screening and testing guidance—Part 2: Knowledge, comfort and practice [2017]
  • Assessing uptake of national HIV screening and testing guidance—Part 1: Awareness, use and usefulness [2017]
  • HIV Screening and Testing Guide [2014]

Central African Republic

• Pan African Medical Journal
  • Analytical performances of Exacto® HIV self-test in the Central African Republic [2022]

Central Asia, Europe

• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
  • HIV testing in Europe and Central Asia - Monitoring implementation of the Dublin Declaration on partnership to fight HIV/AIDS in Europe and Central Asia: 2022 progress report [2023]
  • Evidence brief: HIV testing in Europe and Central Asia - Monitoring implementation of the Dublin Declaration on Partnership to fight HIV/AIDS in Europe and Central Asia – 2021 progress report [2022]
  • HIV testing, Monitoring implementation of the Dublin Declaration on partnership to fight HIV/AIDS in Europe and Central Asia: 2018 progress report [2019]
  • Thematic report: HIV testing [2017]

• WHO European Region
  • WHO regional technical consultation on the dissemination of Consolidated Guidelines on HIV Testing Services: 15-16 December 2015, Astana, Kazakhstan: report [2016]

China

• International Journal of Epidemiology
  • Quality assurance in the HIV/AIDS laboratory network of China [2010]

• JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
  • The Practice and Potential Role of HIV Self-testing in China: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Acceptance and associated factors of HIV testing among college students in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • HIV testing and seroprevalence among couples of people diagnosed with HIV in China: A meta-analysis [2021]

Cuba

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Modeling secondary level of HIV contact tracing: its impact on HIV intervention in Cuba [2010]

Denmark

• EuroSurveillance
  • Length of stay in Denmark before HIV diagnosis and linkage to care: a population-based study of migrants living with HIV, Denmark, 1995 to 2020 [2022]
  • Prescription of antimicrobials in primary health care as a marker to identify people living with undiagnosed HIV infection, Denmark, 1998 to 2016 [2019]

Developing countries

• Indian Journal of Medical Research
  • HIV testing in developing countries: What is required? [2011]

East Africa

• BMC Public Health
  • Prevalence and associated factors of HIV testing among reproductive-age women in eastern Africa: multilevel analysis of demographic and health surveys [2021]

Ecuador

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • HIV Rapid Testing in the General Population and the Usefulness of PrEP in Ecuador: A Cost-Utility Analysis [2022]

Estonia

• EuroSurveillance
  • Missed opportunities for HIV testing in people diagnosed with HIV, Estonia, 2014 to 2015 [2019]

Ethiopia

• PLoS ONE
  • Uptake of premarital HIV testing and associated factors among women who had autonomous versus non autonomous marriage in Ethiopia: A nationwide study [2022]

• Tropical Medicine and Health
  • Utilization of provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• Virology Journal
  • Dilution testing using rapid diagnostic tests in a HIV diagnostic algorithm: a novel alternative for confirmation testing in resource limited settings [2015]

Europe

• BMC Public Health
  • HIV testing within general practices in Europe: a mixed-methods systematic review [2018]

• Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
  • Implementing and expanding HIV testing in immigrant populations in Europe: Comparing guideline's recommendations and expert's opinions [2017]

• European AIDS Clinical Society
  • Barriers to HIV testing and possible interventions to improve access to HIV healthcare among migrants, with a focus on migrant women: Results from a European survey [2024]

• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
  • Survey on testing strategies for HIV in blood, tissues and cell donors within the EU/EEA [2025]
  • HIV testing in Europe [2016]

• European Journal of Public Health
  • HIV testing policies for migrants and ethnic minorities in EU/EFTA Member States [2014]

• EuroSurveillance
  • National medical specialty guidelines of HIV indicator conditions in Europe lack adequate HIV testing recommendations: a systematic guideline review [2022]
  • HIV testing in Europe: Evaluating the impact, added value, relevance and usability of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)’s 2010 HIV testing guidance [2017]
  • Monitoring of HIV testing services in the EU/EEA [2016]

• HIV Medicine
  • Late diagnosis of HIV: An updated consensus definition [2022]
  • HIV testing strategies outside of health care settings in the European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA): a systematic review to inform European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control guidance [2020]
  • HIV testing strategies employed in health care settings in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA): evidence from a systematic review [2020]

• International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • 2021 European guideline on HIV testing in genito-urinary medicine settings [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Improving the evidence for indicator condition guided HIV testing in Europe: Results from the HIDES II Study – 2012 – 2015 [2019]
  • Auditing HIV Testing Rates across Europe: Results from the HIDES 2 Study [2015]

• WHO European Region
  • HIV testing and counselling

Finland

• EuroSurveillance
  • Use of healthcare services preceding HIV diagnosis – missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis, Finland, 1996 to 2019 [2025]

France

• British Journal of General Practice
  • Impact of a primary care national policy on HIV screening in France: a longitudinal analysis between 2006 and 2013 [2016]

• PLoS ONE
  • Comparing the Information and Support Needs of Different Population Groups in Preparation for 2015 Government Approval for HIV Self-testing in France [2016]

Gambia

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • The association between HIV self-test awareness and recent HIV testing uptake in the male population in Gambia: data analysis from 2019-2020 demographic and health survey [2023]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Factors Associated with HIV Testing among Reproductive Women Aged 15-49 Years in the Gambia: Analysis of the 2019-2020 Gambian Demographic and Health Survey [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Predictors of HIV testing among youth aged 15-24 years in The Gambia [2022]

Ghana

• BMC Public Health
  • Prevalence and factors associated with knowledge of HIV Self-Test kit and HIV-Self Testing among Ghanaian women: multi-level analyses using the 2022 Ghana demographic and health survey [2025]

• PLoS ONE
  • HIV retesting prevalence among clients accessing anti-retroviral therapy and HIV testing services in Ghana [2025]

Greece

• EuroSurveillance
  • Missed opportunities for early HIV diagnosis in Greece: The MORFEAS study, 2019 to 2021 [2024]

High-income countries

• Health Economics Review
  • Economic evaluation of HIV testing options for low-prevalence high-income countries: a systematic review [2021]

International

• AIDS Patient Care and STDs
  • Verification of HIV Self-Testing Use and Results: A Global Systematic Review [2020]

• BMJ Global Health
  • Country adherence to WHO recommendations to improve the quality of HIV diagnosis: a global policy review [2020]

• Current HIV/AIDS Reports
  • HIV Testing Uptake According to Opt-In, Opt-Out or Risk-Based Testing Approaches: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]

• International Journal for Equity in Health
  • The role of private health providers in HIV testing: analysis of data from 18 countries [2014]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Voluntary HIV Testing and Counselling Initiatives in Occupational Settings: A Scoping Review [2025]

• International Journal of STD & AIDS
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence for community-based HIV testing on men's engagement in the HIV care cascade [2022]

• Journal of Medical Internet Research
  • Evidence on Digital HIV Self-Testing From Accuracy to Impact: Updated Systematic Review [2025]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Social network-based approaches to HIV testing: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Social network strategies to distribute HIV self-testing kits: a global systematic review and network meta-analysis [2024]
  • Sexual behaviour change following HIV testing services: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Demand creation for HIV testing services: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Availability and Use of HIV Monitoring and Early Infant Diagnosis Technologies in WHO Member States in 2011–2013: Analysis of Annual Surveys at the Facility Level [2016]

• PLoS ONE
  • Are policy initiatives aligned to meet UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets impacting HIV testing and linkages to care? Evidence from a systematic review [2019]

• UNAIDS
  • Using recency assays for HIV surveillance — 2022 technical guidance [2022]
  • Recent infection testing algorithm technical update — Applications for HIV surveillance and programme monitoring [2018]
  • WHO, UNAIDS statement on HIV testing services: new opportunities and ongoing challenges [2017]

Iran

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • HIV testing among incarcerated people with a history of HIV-related high-risk behaviours in Iran: Findings from three consecutive national bio-behavioural surveys [2022]

• International Journal of Preventive Medicine
  • The Potential for HIV Self-testing in Iran [2015]

Ivory Coast

• AIDS
  • Routine programmatic data show a positive population-level impact of HIV self-testing: the case of Côte d'Ivoire and implications for implementation [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Barriers to HIV Testing in Côte d'Ivoire: The Role of Individual Characteristics and Testing Modalities [2012]

Kenya

• Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Optimising the cost and delivery of HIV counselling and testing services in Kenya and Swaziland [2012]

Lesotho

• AIDS Education and Prevention
  • Re-Testing and Seroconversion Among HIV Testing and Counseling Clients in Lesotho [2015]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Notes from the Field: HIV Testing in Health Care Facilities — Lesotho, 2017 [2018]

Low and middle income countries

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Barriers and facilitators of HIV partner status notification in low- and lower-middle-income countries: A mixed-methods systematic review [2024]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Scaling Up Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Contacts of Index Patients — 20 Countries, 2016–2018 [2019]

• World Health Organization
  • HIV and viral hepatitis diagnostic tests in low- and middle-income countries: forecasts of global and regional demand for 2022-2026 [2024]
  • HIV diagnostic tests in low- and middle-income countries: forecasts of global demand for 2021–2025 [2022]

Malawi

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Frequency of visits to health facilities and HIV services offered to men, Malawi [2021]

Morocco

• Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
  • Acceptability and feasibility of HIV self-testing distribution modes among key populations in Morocco [2024]

Nepal

• BMJ Open
  • Factors associated with HIV testing and counselling services among women and men in Nepal: a cross-sectional study using data from a nationally representative survey [2021]

Netherlands

• Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Who is providing HIV diagnostic testing? Comparing HIV testing by general practitioners and sexual health centres in five regions in the Netherlands, 2011-2018 [2022]

Nigeria

• Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
  • National guidelines for HIV testing services [2017]

Papua New Guinea

• PLoS ONE
  • Prevalence and predictors of HIV testing among young men in Papua New Guinea: A cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample [2024]

Portugal

• PLoS ONE
  • Routine HIV Screening in Portugal: Clinical Impact and Cost-Effectiveness [2013]

Puerto Rico

• Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal
  • Late HIV testing in a cohort of HIV-infected patients followed in Puerto Rico [2015]

Republic of Korea

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Voluntary HIV Testing Strategies in a Very Low-Prevalence Country, the Republic of Korea [2018]

South Africa

• BMJ Global Health
  • The cost effectiveness and optimal configuration of HIV self-test distribution in South Africa: a model analysis [2021]
  • The cost and intermediary cost-effectiveness of oral HIV self-test kit distribution across 11 distribution models in South Africa [2021]

• BMJ Open
  • Cohort profile: the South African National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) National HIV Cohort [2022]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Changes in self-reported HIV testing during South Africa's 2010/2011 national testing campaign: gains and shortfalls [2016]

• PLoS ONE
  • Four Models of HIV Counseling and Testing: Utilization and Test Results in South Africa [2014]

• Scientific Reports
  • Optimal HIV testing strategies for South Africa: a model-based evaluation of population-level impact and cost-effectiveness [2019]

• Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine
  • South African HIV self-testing policy and guidance considerations [2017]

Southern Africa

• BMJ Global Health
  • Modelling costs of community-based HIV self-testing programmes in Southern Africa at scale: an econometric cost function analysis across five countries [2021]

Spain

• Emergencias
  • New recommendations of Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES) for emergency department diagnosis of HIV infection based on results from Spain's "Leave Your Mark" program [2024]

• EuroSurveillance
  • Trends in HIV testing, prevalence among first-time testers, and incidence in most-at-risk populations in Spain: the EPI-VIH Study, 2000 to 2009 [2014]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• AIDS and Behavior
  • Linkage to HIV Care Following HIV Self-testing Among Men: Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Studies from Six Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa [2023]
  • A Systematic Review of HIV Testing Implementation Strategies in Sub-Saharan African Countries [2022]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Factors influencing HIV testing uptake in Sub-Saharan Africa: a comprehensive multi-level analysis using demographic and health survey data (2015-2022) [2024]
  • Costs of HIV testing services in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic literature review [2024]

• BMC Primary Care
  • Acceptability and use of HIV self-testing among young people in sub-Saharan Africa: a mixed methods systematic review [2024]

• BMC Public Health
  • Knowledge, and utilization of HIV self-testing, and its associated factors among women in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from 21 countries demographic and health survey [2024]
  • A systematic review of qualitative findings on factors enabling and deterring uptake of HIV testing in Sub-Saharan Africa [2013]

• BMJ Global Health
  • Costs of integrating HIV self-testing in public health facilities in Malawi, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe [2021]

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Treatment-adjusted prevalence to assess HIV testing programmes [2021]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Sex Differences in HIV Testing — 20 PEPFAR-Supported Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2019 [2020]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • HIV Self-Testing Uptake and Intervention Strategies Among Men in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review [2021]

• Implementation Science Communications
  • Costs of implementing community-based intervention for HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review [2021]

• International Health
  • Diagnosing acute and prevalent HIV-1 infection in young African adults seeking care for fever: a systematic review and audit of current practice [2014]

• Journal of Clinical Microbiology
  • Designing HIV Testing Algorithms Based on 2015 WHO Guidelines Using Data from Six Sites in Sub-Saharan Africa [2017]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Strategies to increase couples HIV testing and counselling in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review [2023]
  • What are the constraints and opportunities for HIVST scale-up in Africa? Evidence from Kenya, Malawi and South Africa [2015]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Temporal trends in socioeconomic inequalities in HIV testing: an analysis of cross-sectional surveys from 16 sub-Saharan African countries [2020]

• Lancet HIV
  • Trends in knowledge of HIV status and efficiency of HIV testing services in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–20: a modelling study using survey and HIV testing programme data [2021]

• Nature
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of community and facility-based approaches to address gaps in HIV testing and linkage in sub-Saharan Africa [2015]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Uptake of Home-Based Voluntary HIV Testing in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2012]

• PLoS ONE
  • Pooled prevalence, spatial variation and associated factors of HIV testing uptake among multiple sexual partners in Sub Saharan Africa: Spatial and multilevel analysis [2024]

Switzerland

• Federal Office of Public Health
  • Federal Commission for Sexual Health’s (FCSH) recommendation on dispensing HIV tests for self-administration (“HIV self-tests”) to the public [2018]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Reasons for late presentation to HIV care in Switzerland [2015]

• PLoS ONE
  • Awareness of HIV Testing Guidelines Is Low among Swiss Emergency Doctors: A Survey of Five Teaching Hospitals in French-Speaking Switzerland [2013]

Tanzania

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • Prevalence and determinants of HIV testing-seeking behaviors among women of reproductive age in Tanzania: analysis of the 2022 Demographic and health survey [2025]

• BMC Health Services Research
  • The readiness of the national health laboratory system in supporting care and treatment of HIV/AIDS in Tanzania [2015]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Factors associated with HIV testing among young women in Tanzania: Insights from the 2022 Tanzanian Demographic and Health Survey using Anderson's Behavioral Model [2025]

• Infectious Diseases of Poverty
  • Factors associated with changes in uptake of HIV testing among young women (aged 15–24) in Tanzania from 2003 to 2012 [2016]

Turkey

• PLoS ONE
  • Modeling the future of HIV in Turkey: Cost-effectiveness analysis of improving testing and diagnosis [2023]

Ukraine

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Profile of partners who completed HIV testing and received a new HIV diagnosis in Ukraine's HIV index testing program: a retrospective cohort study to inform program improvement [2023]

United Kingdom

• BMJ Open
  • Trends in HIV testing in the UK primary care setting: a 15-year retrospective cohort study from 2000 to 2015 [2019]

• British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
  • Evaluation of HIV testing recommendations in specialty guidelines for the management of HIV indicator conditions [2017]
  • BASHH/BHIVA/SSHA/NAT HIV Partner Notification for Adults: Definitions, Outcomes and Standards 2015 [2015]

• British HIV Association
  • British HIV Association/British Association for Sexual Health and HIV/British Infection Association adult HIV testing guidelines 2020 [2020]
  • Routine monitoring and assessment of adults living with HIV: results of the British HIV Association (BHIVA) national audit 2015 [2017]
  • British HIV Association guidelines for the routine investigation and monitoring of adult HIV-1-infected individuals 2011 [2012]

• Department of Health and Social Care
  • Time period for HIV testing (HIV window period)

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • HIV testing: encouraging uptake [2017]
  • HIV testing: increasing uptake among people who may have undiagnosed HIV [2016]

• Public Health England
  • National HIV self-sampling service

• Royal College of Pathologists
  • Laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection [2023]

• Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Low levels of HIV test coverage in clinical settings in the UK: a systematic review of adherence to 2008 guidelines [2014]

• UK Parliament
  • HIV Testing Week [2025]

United States

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
  • Screening for HIV Infection in Asymptomatic, Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: A Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [2019]

• AIDS Patient Care and STDs
  • HIV Testing Trends: Southeastern Pennsylvania, 2002–2010 [2014]

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • Routine Human Immunodeficiency Virus Screening [2014]

• American College of Physicians
  • Screening for HIV in Health Care Settings: A Guidance Statement From the American College of Physicians and HIV Medicine Association [2009]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Nationwide Implementation of HIV Molecular Cluster Detection by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and State and Local Health Departments, United States [2025]
  • Increasing Access to HIV Testing Through Direct-to-Consumer HIV Self-Test Distribution — United States, March 31, 2020–March 30, 2021 [2021]
  • HIV Testing Trends Among Persons with Commercial Insurance or Medicaid — United States, 2014–2019 [2021]
  • Trends in HIV-2 Diagnoses and Use of the HIV-1/HIV-2 Differentiation Test — United States, 2010–2017 [2020]
  • HIV Testing Trends at Visits to Physician Offices, Community Health Centers, and Emergency Departments — United States, 2009–2017 [2020]
  • HIV Testing Outcomes Among Blacks or African Americans — 50 Local U.S. Jurisdictions Accounting for the Majority of New HIV Diagnoses and Seven States with Disproportionate Occurrences of HIV in Rural Areas, 2017 [2020]
  • Interval Since Last HIV Test for Men and Women with Recent Risk for HIV Infection — United States, 2006–2016 [2018]
  • Vital Signs: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing and Diagnosis Delays — United States [2017]
  • HIV Testing, Linkage to HIV Medical Care, and Interviews for Partner Services Among Youths — 61 Health Department Jurisdictions, United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, 2015 [2017]
  • HIV Testing, Linkage to HIV Medical Care, and Interviews for Partner Services Among Women — 61 Health Department Jurisdictions, United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, 2015 [2017]
  • Changes in the Disparity of HIV Diagnosis Rates Among Black Women — United States, 2010–2014 [2017]
  • Health Care Use and HIV Testing of Males Aged 15–39 Years in Physicians’ Offices — United States, 2009–2012 [2016]
  • HIV Testing and Service Delivery Among Black Females — 61 Health Department Jurisdictions, United States, 2012–2014 [2016]
  • Evaluation of Routine HIV Opt-Out Screening and Continuum of Care Services Following Entry into Eight Prison Reception Centers — California, 2012 [2016]

• Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • The Epidemiologic and Economic Impact of Improving HIV Testing, Linkage, and Retention in Care in the United States [2015]

• Food and Drug Administration
  • HIV Home Test Kits

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Financing Benefits and Barriers to Routine HIV Screening in Clinical Settings in the United States: A Scoping Review [2022]

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • Scaling up routine HIV testing at specialty clinics: Assessing the effectiveness of an academic detailing approach [2013]

• Journal of Immunological Methods
  • Development of a Contemporary Globally Diverse HIV Viral Panel by the EQAPOL Program [2014]

• Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care
  • Potential Contributions of Clinical and Community Testing in Identifying Persons with Undiagnosed HIV Infection in the United States [2020]
  • Physician Barriers to Successful Implementation of US Preventive Services Task Force Routine HIV Testing Recommendations [2014]
  • In the Routine HIV-Testing Era, Primary Care Physicians in Community Health Centers Remain Unaware of HIV-Testing Recommendations [2014]

• National HIV Curriculum
  • Screening and Diagnosis

• New England Journal of Medicine
  • Routine HIV Testing, Public Health, and the USPSTF — An End to the Debate [2013]

• New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute
  • HIV Testing [2022]
  • HIV Testing and Acute HIV

• Open Forum Infectious Diseases
  • Receipt of Baseline Laboratory Testing Recommended by the HIV Medicine Association for People Initiating HIV Care, United States, 2015-2019 [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Graphical analysis of guideline adherence to detect systemwide anomalies in HIV diagnostic testing [2022]
  • Monitoring HIV Testing in the United States: Consequences of Methodology Changes to National Surveys [2015]
  • Initial Health Assessments and HIV Screening under the Affordable Care Act [2015]

• Sexually Transmitted Diseases
  • Recent HIV Testing Prevalence, Determinants, and Disparities Among US Older Adult Respondents to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System [2015]

• StatPearls
  • HIV Testing

• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Screening [2024]

Vietnam

• PLoS ONE
  • Expenditure Analysis of HIV Testing and Counseling Services Using the Cascade Framework in Vietnam [2015]

West Africa

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of community-led HIV self-testing among key populations in Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal [2024]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Improving HIV testing for men and linkage to services through faith platforms [2025]
  • Preventing HIV misdiagnosis: implementation guide [2024]
  • HIV rapid diagnostic tests on urine: protocol for the performance evaluation of in vitro diagnostics for WHO prequalification assessment [2024]
  • HIV rapid diagnostic tests on oral fluid: protocol for the performance evaluation of in vitro diagnostics for WHO prequalification assessment [2024]
  • HIV rapid diagnostic tests on capillary blood: protocol for the performance evaluation of in vitro diagnostics for WHO prequalification assessment [2024]
  • Consolidated guidelines on differentiated HIV testing services [2024]
  • HIV self-testing at workplaces: approaches to implementation and sustainable financing [2022]
  • Optimizing HIV testing algorithms: a generic verification protocol for selecting appropriate HIV serology assays and assessing the level of shared false-reactivity [2021]
  • Improving men’s uptake of HIV testing and linkage to services: policy brief [2021]
  • Point-of-care CD4 tests to support the identification of individuals with advanced HIV disease [2020]
  • Consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services, 2019 [2020]
  • What works for generating demand for HIV testing services [2019]
  • WHO recommends social network-based HIV testing approaches for key populations as part of partner services package [2019]
  • WHO recommends countries move away from the use of western blotting and line immunoassays in HIV testing strategies and algorithms [2019]
  • WHO recommends HIV self-testing – evidence update and considerations for success [2019]
  • WHO encourages countries to adapt HIV testing strategies in response to changing epidemic [2019]
  • Consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services for a changing epidemic [2019]
  • HIV self-testing strategic framework: a guide for planning, introducing and scaling up [2018]
  • International collaborative study to establish the 4th WHO international standard for HIV-1 NAT assays [2017]
  • WHO recommends HIV self-testing [2016]
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) rapid diagnostic tests for professional use and/or self-testing [2016]
  • Improving the quality of HIV-related point-of-care testing: ensuring the reliability and accuracy of test results [2015]
  • HIV assays operational characteristics: HIV rapid diagnostic tests (detection of HIV-1/2 antibodies): report 17 [2013]
  • Provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling: one-day training programme, field test version April 2011 [2011]
  • Improving HIV testing and counselling services : technical briefing paper [2011]
  • HIV self-testing among health workers: a review of the literature and discussion of current practices, issues and options for increasing access to HIV testing in Sub-Saharan Africa [2011]
  • Guide for monitoring and evaluating national HIV testing and counselling (HTC) programmes: field-test version [2011]
  • A handbook for improving HIV testing and counselling services - field-test version [2010]
  • Guidance on provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling in health facilities [2007]
  • Optimizing HIV testing algorithms toolkit
  • HIV testing services dashboard
  • HIV testing services

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • Summary report on the Regional consultation on accelerating access to the continuum of HIV care: focus on HIV testing, Beirut, Lebanon 12–14 July 2017 [2017]
  • Use of rapid HIV tests in HIV testing strategies [2014]
  • The situation of HIV testing and counselling policies and practices in the Eastern Mediterranean Region [2011]

Zambia

• PLoS ONE
  • Facilitators and barriers for HIV-testing in Zambia: A systematic review of multi-level factors [2018]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • HIV/AIDS