Menopause

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Menopause, hormone replacement therapy, breast cancer

Australia

• Australian Journal of General Practice
  • Safety of vaginal oestrogens for genitourinary symptoms in women with breast cancer [2024]

• Cancer Australia
  • Management of menopausal symptoms in women with a history of breast cancer
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) and risk of breast cancer

Australia, New Zealand

• Australasian Menopause Society
  • Breast Cancer and Menopause

Canada

• British Columbia Medical Journal
  • Managing menopause Part 2: Hormone therapy and breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, and premature ovarian insufficiency [2022]

• Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
  • Menopause and Breast Cancer [2021]

Denmark

• Cancer Causes and Control
  • Hormone replacement therapy, mammographic density, and breast cancer risk: a cohort study [2018]

• Journal of the National Cancer Institute
  • Systemic or Vaginal Hormone Therapy After Early Breast Cancer: A Danish Observational Cohort Study [2022]

Finland

• European Journal of Cancer
  • Update of the impact of menopausal hormone therapy on breast cancer risk [2025]

India

• Journal of Mid-Life Health
  • Menopause Hormone Therapy in the Changing Trends of Breast Cancer in India [2020]

International

• Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
  • Hormone replacement therapy and mammographic density: a systematic literature review [2020]

• Breast Care
  • Menopausal Hormone Therapy and the Breast: A Review of Clinical Studies [2023]

• British Menopause Society
  • BMS, IMS, EMAS, RCOG and AMS Joint Statement on menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and breast cancer risk in response to EMA Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee recommendations in May 2020 [2020]

• Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
  • Nonhormonal Hot Flash Management for Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis [2020]

• Lancet
  • Type and timing of menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of the worldwide epidemiological evidence [2019]

• Medicina
  • Emerging Use of Vaginal Laser to Treat Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause for Breast Cancer Survivors: A Review [2023]

Israel

• International Journal of Women's Health
  • Hormone-Replacement Therapy and Its Association with Breast Cancer Subtypes: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study [2021]

Norway

• Breast Cancer Research
  • Menopausal hormone therapy and incidence, mortality, and survival of breast cancer subtypes: a prospective cohort study [2024]

• British Journal of Cancer
  • Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: a population-based cohort study of 1.3 million women in Norway [2024]

• Cancer Medicine
  • Breast cancer incidence and menopausal hormone therapy in Norway from 2004 to 2009: a register-based cohort study [2015]

Republic of Korea

• Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy, Breast Cancer Risk Factors, and Breast Cancer Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort [2020]

• Cancer Research and Treatment
  • Short-term Impact of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Risk of Breast Cancer in BRCA Mutation Carriers: A Nationwide Study in South Korea [2024]

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy and Risk of Breast Cancer in Korean Women: A Quantitative Systematic Review [2015]

Taiwan

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • The Risk of Breast Cancer in Women Using Menopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy in Taiwan [2016]

United Kingdom

• Association of Breast Surgery
  • Primary Care Guidance for Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) in women at increased risk of breast cancer (BC) [2025]

• BMJ
  • Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases [2020]

• British Journal of General Practice
  • Breast cancer risk assessment for prescription of menopausal hormone therapy in women with a family history of breast cancer: an epidemiological modelling study [2024]

• British Menopause Society
  • The management of estrogen deficiency symptoms, arthralgia and menopause diagnosis in women treated for early breast cancer
  • Benefits and risks of HRT before and after a Breast Cancer Diagnosis

• Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
  • Hormone replacement therapy (HRT): further information on the known increased risk of breast cancer with HRT and its persistence after stopping [2019]

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Managing genitourinary symptoms – breast cancer recurrence [2024]

• Right Decisions
  • Management of menopausal symptoms after breast cancer

United States

• American Cancer Society
  • Menopausal Hormone Therapy After Breast Cancer

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • Treatment of Urogenital Symptoms in Individuals With a History of Estrogen-dependent Breast Cancer [2021]

• Breast Cancer Research
  • Use of postmenopausal hormone therapies and risk of histology- and hormone receptor-defined breast cancer: results from a 15-year prospective analysis of NIH-AARP cohort [2020]

• Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium
  • Declines in invasive breast cancer and use of postmenopausal hormone therapy in a screening mammography population [2007]

• Cancer
  • Forty-year trends in menopausal hormone therapy use and breast cancer incidence among postmenopausal black and white women [2020]

• JAMA
  • Association of Menopausal Hormone Therapy With Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality During Long-term Follow-up of the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trials [2020]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Menopause, hormone replacement therapy
  • Breast cancer