Australia - Canada - China - Denmark - Ethiopia - Europe - Finland - France - Germany - High-income countries - India - International - Ireland, United Kingdom - Italy - Japan - New Zealand - Republic of Korea - Saudi Arabia - Spain - Sweden - Türkiye - United Kingdom - United States - {Related topics}

Australia

• WA Health
  • Stoma Care
  • Pyloric Stenosis: Infantile Hypertrophic
  • Oesophageal Atresia / Tracheoesophageal Fistula
  • Necrotising Enterocolitis
  • Malrotation / Volvulus of the Intestines
  • Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux

Canada

• Canadian Neonatal Network
  • Antibiotic exposure and development of necrotizing enterocolitis in very preterm neonates [2018]

• Paediatrics & Child Health
  • The Canadian Biliary Atresia Registry: Improving the care of Canadian infants with biliary atresia [2016]

• Perinatal Services BC
  • Biliary Atresia

China

• BMC Pediatrics
  • Factors influencing necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

Denmark

• PLoS ONE
  • Incidence and risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in Denmark from 1994-2014 [2019]

Ethiopia

• BMJ Open
  • In-hospital mortality among neonates with necrotising enterocolitis in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• International Health
  • Prevalence of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and predictors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2026]

Europe

• European Journal of Pediatric Surgery
  • European Reference Network eUROGEN Guidelines on the Management of Anorectal Malformations, Part II: Treatment [2025]
  • ERN eUROGEN Guidelines on the Management of Anorectal Malformations, Part IV: Organization of Care and Communication between Providers [2025]
  • ERN eUROGEN Guidelines on the Management of Anorectal Malformations Part III: Lifelong Follow-up and Transition of Care [2025]
  • ERN eUROGEN Guidelines on the Management of Anorectal Malformations Part I: Diagnostics [2025]
  • ERNICA Consensus Conference on the Management of Patients with Long-Gap Esophageal Atresia: Perioperative, Surgical, and Long-Term Management [2021]

• European Journal of Pediatrics
  • ERN eUROGEN Guidelines on the Management of Anorectal Malformations Part I: Diagnostics [2025]

• European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition
  • Reevaluating the FDA's warning against the use of probiotics in preterm neonates: A societal statement by ESPGHAN and EFCNI [2024]
  • Awareness, referral and age at Kasai surgery for biliary atresia in Europe: A survey of the Quality-of-Care Task Force of ESPGHAN [2024]
  • Probiotics and Preterm Infants: A Position Paper by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Working Group for Probiotics and Prebiotics [2020]

• European Standards of Care for Newborn Health
  • Prevention of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC)
  • Diagnosis and management of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC)

• Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
  • Updated European Reference Network for rare Inherited and Congenital Digestive and Gastrointestinal Anomalies guidelines for the management of rectosigmoid Hirschsprung's disease 2025 [2026]

• Neonatology
  • European Reference Network for Inherited and Congenital Anomalies Evidence-Based Guideline on Surgical Aspects of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Premature Neonates [2025]

• Pediatric Research
  • Current pain management practices for preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis: a European survey [2023]

• Techniques in Coloproctology
  • European consensus meeting of ARM-Net members concerning diagnosis and early management of newborns with anorectal malformations [2015]

Finland

• Pediatric Surgery International
  • Prevalence, risk factors and mortality associated with colonic atresia: a population-based case-control study [2025]

France

• Acta Paediatrica
  • Epidemiology and Surgical Management of Hirschsprung's Disease in France: A 12-Year Retrospective Analysis (2012-2023) [2025]

Germany

• BMC Pediatrics
  • Volvulus in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants enrolled in the German Neonatal Network: prevalence, mortality, and outcome [2026]

High-income countries

• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Donor human milk for preventing necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low-birthweight infants [2024]

• North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition
  • Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Clinical Practice Guidelines: Joint Recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition [2018]
  • Guideline for the Evaluation of Cholestatic Jaundice in Infants: Joint Recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition [2017]

• Nutrients
  • Human Milk Fortification and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low Birthweight Infants: State of Evidence and Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis [2025]

India

• Indian Academy of Pediatrics
  • Neonatal Cholestasis [2022]
  • Indian Academy of Pediatrics Consensus Guidelines for Probiotic Use in Childhood Diarrhea [2022]
  • Management of neonatal cholestasis: consensus statement of the Pediatric Gastroenterology Chapter of Indian Academy of Pediatrics [2014]

International

• Biomedicines
  • Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Comprehensive Review on Toll-like Receptor 4-Mediated Pathophysiology, Clinical, and Therapeutic Insights [2025]

• Birth Defects Research
  • Analysis of Prevalence and Mortality Among Neonates and Children With Intestinal Atresia: A Multinational Study, 1974-2015 [2026]

• BMC Gastroenterology
  • The effectiveness of treatment with probiotics in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis and related mortality: results from an umbrella meta-analysis on meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials [2025]

• BMC Pediatrics
  • Effect of probiotics on necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [2025]
  • Influencing factors for surgical treatment in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Global incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: a systematic review and Meta-analysis [2020]

• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants [2023]
  • Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants [2022]
  • Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants [2021]

• Current Gastroenterology Reports
  • The Effects of the Rome IV Criteria on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Practice [2020]

• European Journal of Pediatrics
  • Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm with necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• European Society for Paediatric Research
  • Pain management in preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis: an international expert consensus statement [2025]

• Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
  • The pediatric Rome IV criteria: what's new? [2017]

• Federation of International Societies of Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition
  • Diagnostic approaches for infants with cholestatic liver diseases: Position paper and perspectives of the Federation of International Societies of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition [2025]

• Frontiers in Nutrition
  • Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics for the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis [2021]

• Frontiers in Pediatrics
  • Racial Disparities in Necrotizing Enterocolitis [2021]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Global, regional, and national differences in the incidence and mortality of digestive congenital anomalies from 1990 to 2021, with projections for future trends [2025]

• Gastroenterology
  • Childhood Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Neonate/Toddler [2016]

• Global Newborn Society
  • A Clinical Care Bundle to Prevent Necrotizing Enterocolitis [2024]

• International Journal of Molecular Sciences
  • A Review of Probiotic Interventions for Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Sepsis in Preterm Infants [2026]

• Italian Journal of Pediatrics
  • A meta-analysis on the predictive role of CRP in NEC diagnosis and prognosis [2025]

• Journal of Pediatric Nursing
  • Navigating the patient pathway: An integrative review of parental mental health and support needs following neonatal gastrointestinal surgery [2026]

• Journal of Perinatal Medicine
  • Serum biomarkers in the early detection of necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review [2025]

• Nutrients
  • Probiotic Supplements Effect on Feeding Tolerance, Growth and Neonatal Morbidity in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2025]
  • Enteral Nutrition in Neonatal Cholestasis: An Up-to-Date Overview [2025]

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
  • Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Neonates and Toddlers According to the Rome IV Criteria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]
  • The New Rome IV Criteria for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Infants and Toddlers [2017]

• Pediatric Research
  • Methods of identifying surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis-a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Defining necrotizing enterocolitis: current difficulties and future opportunities [2020]

• Pediatric Surgery International
  • Optimal enteral feeding after surgery for necrotising enterocolitis: a systematic review [2026]
  • Necrotizing enterocolitis: current understanding of the prevention and management [2024]

• PLoS ONE
  • Population-based screening strategies for biliary atresia in the newborn: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
  • Probiotic supplementation - does it prevent or cause neonatal sepsis? [2025]

Ireland, United Kingdom

• Journal of Pediatric Surgery
  • A Population-Based Cohort Study on Diagnosis and Early Management of Anorectal Malformation in the UK and Ireland [2024]

Italy

• Digestive and Liver Disease
  • Diagnostic approach to neonatal and infantile cholestasis: A position paper by the SIGENP liver disease working group [2022]

• Italian Journal of Pediatrics
  • Nutritional management of neonates who undergo major surgery for gastrointestinal disorders: a joint position paper of the Italian Society of Neonatology (SIN), the Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery (SICP), and the Italian Society of Pediatric Nutrition (SINUPE) [2026]
  • Guidelines on diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants, children and adolescents: a joint consensus from Italian pediatric societies (SIP and SIGENP) -part I. diagnosis [2026]
  • Guidelines on diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants, children and adolescents: a joint consensus from Italian pediatric societies (SIP and SIGENP) -Part II: management [2026]
  • Italian guidelines for the management and treatment of neonatal cholestasis [2015]

Japan

• Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
  • Chapter 2-12-2. Anaerobic infections (individual fields): necrotizing enterocolitis (neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis) [2011]

• Journal of Pediatric Surgery
  • Necessity of enterostomy at the initial operation in neonatal intestinal perforation: A nationwide matched study in Japan [2026]

• Journal of Pediatrics
  • Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Universal Screening for Biliary Atresia in Japan [2023]

• Pediatric Surgery International
  • Perioperative outcomes of neonatal versus delayed surgery for Hirschsprung disease: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Japan [2025]

New Zealand

• Starship
  • Oesophageal atresia (OA) with/without tracheo-oesophageal fistula (TOF)
  • Necrotising Enterocolitis (NEC) in the neonate
  • Biliary Atresia (BA) - guidelines and management of

Republic of Korea

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
  • Epidemiology of Biliary Atresia in Korea [2017]
  • Necrotizing Enterocolitis among Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants in Korea [2015]

• Pediatric Research
  • Surgical necrotizing enterocolitis risk factors in extremely preterm infants: a Korean nationwide cohort study [2025]

• Scientific Reports
  • Neurodevelopmental outcomes among children with congenital gastrointestinal anomalies using Korean National Health Insurance claims data [2024]

Saudi Arabia

• Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Incidence and outcome of biliary atresia in the United Arab Emirates: A multicenter national study [2025]

Spain

• Anales de Pediatría (English Edition)
  • Assessment and Management of Cholestasis: Consensus Document of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SEGHNP), the Spanish Association of Primary Care Pediatrics (AEPap) and the Spanish Society of Primary Care Pediatrics (SEPEAP) [2025]
  • Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of necrosing enterocolitis in newborns less than 32 weeks at birth in Spain [2020]

• Frontiers in Pediatrics
  • Incidence, Treatment, and Outcome Trends of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: A Multicenter Cohort Study [2020]

Sweden

• Pediatric Surgery International
  • Prevalence and risk factors of feeding difficulties in children with delayed reconstruction of esophageal atresia: a Swedish nationwide study [2025]

Türkiye

• Turkish Archives of Pediatrics
  • Turkish Neonatal Society Necrotizing Enterocolitis Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Guidelines [2021]

United Kingdom

• JAMA Pediatrics
  • Development of a Gestational Age-Specific Case Definition for Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis [2017]

• Journal of Pediatric Surgery
  • Management and Outcomes of Jejunoileal Atresia Within the United Kingdom [2025]

• Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Incidence and enteral feed antecedents of severe neonatal necrotising enterocolitis across neonatal networks in England, 2012-13: a whole-population surveillance study [2017]

• NHS England
  • Necrotising Enterocolitis (NEC) Clinical Guideline [2024]

• Pediatric Research
  • Necrotising enterocolitis and mortality in very preterm babies with severe congenital heart disease [2026]

• Right Decisions
  • Necrotising enterocolitis in Paediatric Intensive Care, management guideline
  • Bowel irrigation guidance : neonates

• UK National Screening Committee
  • Biliary atresia

United States

• AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
  • Neonatal Bowel Disorders: Practical Imaging Algorithm for Trainees and General Radiologists [2018]

• American Academy of Pediatrics
  • Guidance for the Primary Care Provider in Identifying Infants With Biliary Atresia by 2–4 Weeks of Life: Clinical Report [2025]
  • Use of Probiotics in Preterm Infants [2021]
  • Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Preterm Infants [2018]
  • Newborn Screening for Biliary Atresia [2015]
  • Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)

• American College of Radiology
  • Vomiting in Infants

• American Gastroenterological Association
  • AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Role of Probiotics in the Management of Gastrointestinal Disorders [2020]

• American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
  • A.S.P.E.N. clinical guidelines: nutrition support of neonatal patients at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis [2012]

• American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
  • Gastrointestinal Disorders [2024]

• Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics
  • Prevention Strategies and Management of Necrotizing Enterocolitis [2024]

• Drug Metabolism and Disposition
  • Physiology of the Neonatal Gastrointestinal System Relevant to the Disposition of Orally Administered Medications [2019]

• Early Human Development 
  • Maternal chorioamnionitis and the risk for necrotizing enterocolitis in the United States: A national cohort study [2024]

• JAMA Network Open
  • Trends and Racial and Geographic Differences in Infant Mortality in the United States Due to Necrotizing Enterocolitis, 1999 to 2020 [2023]

• Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
  • Incidence of biliary atresia in the United States before and during the COVID-19 pandemic [2025]

• Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology
  • NEC-zero recommendations from scoping review of evidence to prevent and foster timely recognition of necrotizing enterocolitis [2017]

• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation Lead to Severe Growth Failure in Infants [2024]
  • Impact of Optimized Breastfeeding on the Costs of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Extremely Low Birthweight Infants [2016]
  • Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)

• Pediatric Research
  • Placental abruption and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates with birth weight =1500 grams; US national database study [2025]

• Pediatrics
  • Standardizing the Evaluation and Management of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in a Level IV NICU [2022]

• Seminars in Perinatology
  • Overuse of reflux medications in Neonates [2026]

• Society for Pediatric Radiology
  • Best practices for pediatric liver MRI: guidelines from members of the Society for Pediatric Radiology Magnetic Resonance and Abdominal Imaging Committees [2025]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Newborn
  • Neonatal jaundice, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia