Osteoporosis

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Osteoporosis: prevention, treatment

Asia-Pacific

• Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
  • Asia-pacific consensus on osteoporotic fracture prevention in postmenopausal women with low bone mass or osteoporosis but no fragility fractures [2023]

Australia

• Australian Family Physician
  • Medication selection and patient compliance in the clinical management of osteoporosis [2016]

• Australian Prescriber
  • Treating osteoporosis: risks and management [2022]
  • Treating osteoporosis [2016]

• BMC Family Practice
  • Osteoporosis management in Australian general practice: an analysis of current osteoporosis treatment patterns and gaps in practice [2020]

• BMC Research Notes
  • Knowledge change regarding osteoporosis prevention: translating recommended guidelines into user-friendly messages within a community forum [2015]

• Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
  • What are we paying for? A cost-effectiveness analysis of patented denosumab and generic alendronate for postmenopausal osteoporotic women in Australia [2016]

• Healthy Bones Australia
  • Exercise Prescription to Support the Management of Osteoporosis for Physiotherapists and Exercise Physiologists [2024]

• Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
  • Pharmacologic approaches to prevention and treatment

Australia, New Zealand

• Australasian Menopause Society
  • Prevention of falls and fractures
  • Osteoporosis

Austria, Germany, Switzerland

• Osteoporosis International
  • Exercise training and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies with emphasis on potential moderators [2023]

Baltic countries

• Medicina
  • Use of drugs against osteoporosis in the Baltic countries during 2010–2014 [2016]

Belgium

• Belgian Bone Club
  • Extraskeletal benefits and risks of calcium, Vitamin D and anti-osteoporosis medications [2012]
  • Non-pharmacological management of osteoporosis: a consensus of the Belgian Bone Club [2011]
  • Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a consensus document by the Belgian Bone Club [2010]

Brazil

• Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Definition and management of very high fracture risk in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a position statement from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) and the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (ABRASSO) [2022]

Bulgaria

• Rheumatology and Therapy
  • Clinical Management of Women with Newly Diagnosed Osteoporosis: Data from Everyday Practice in Bulgaria [2021]

Canada

• Archives of Osteoporosis
  • Cost-effectiveness of romosozumab for the treatment of postmenopausal women at very high risk of fracture in Canada [2022]

• BMC Geriatrics
  • Strategies to overcome barriers to implementing osteoporosis and fracture prevention guidelines in long-term care: a qualitative analysis of action plans suggested by front line staff in Ontario, Canada [2015]

• Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine
  • Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine Position Statement: Osteoporosis and Exercise [2013]

• Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
  • Denosumab, Raloxifene, and Zoledronic Acid for the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Clinical Effectiveness and Harms [2013]

• MDM Policy & Practice
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacological Treatments for Osteoporosis Consistent with the Revised Economic Evaluation Guidelines for Canada [2019]

• Osteoporosis Canada
  • Recommendations for preventing fracture in long-term care [2015]

Canada, United States

• Osteoporosis International
  • Fracture definitions in observational osteoporosis drug effects studies that leverage healthcare administrative (claims) data: a scoping review [2022]

China

• Bioengineered
  • Chinese patent medicine for osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• Frontiers in Endocrinology
  • Expert consensus on the bone repair strategy for osteoporotic fractures in China [2022]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Sequential Teriparatide/Zoledronic Acid Compared With Zoledronic Acid Monotherapy for Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women in China [2022]

• PeerJ
  • A retrospective analysis of anti-osteoporosis medication trends among patients under 50 years old in nine major regions of China from 2016 to 2019 [2025]

Denmark

• International Journal of Circumpolar Health
  • The prevalence of patients treated for osteoporosis in Greenland is low compared to Denmark [2022]

• Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
  • Life Expectancy in Patients Treated for Osteoporosis: Observational Cohort Study Using National Danish Prescription Data [2015]

Europe

• Archives of Osteoporosis
  • Factors associated with high 24-month persistence with denosumab: results of a real-world, non-interventional study of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis in Germany, Austria, Greece, and Belgium [2017]

• European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology
  • EULAR/EFORT recommendations for management of patients older than 50 years with a fragility fracture and prevention of subsequent fractures [2017]

• European Menopause and Andropause Society
  • Drug holidays from bisphosphonates and denosumab in postmenopausal osteoporosis: EMAS position statement [2017]
  • EMAS position statement: The management of postmenopausal women with vertebral osteoporotic fracture [2014]

• European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases
  • Interventions to improve adherence to anti-osteoporosis medications: an updated systematic review [2020]
  • Cutaneous Side Effects of Antiosteoporosis Treatments [2011]

• European Union Geriatric Medicine Society
  • A Comprehensive Fracture Prevention Strategy in Older Adults: The European Union Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS) Statement [2016]

• Osteoporosis International
  • The osteoporosis treatment gap in patients at risk of fracture in European primary care: a multi-country cross-sectional observational study [2021]
  • Persistence, adherence, and medication-taking behavior in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis receiving denosumab in routine practice in Germany, Austria, Greece, and Belgium: 12-month results from a European non-interventional study [2015]

France

• PLoS ONE
  • Low Osteoporosis Treatment Initiation Rate in Women after Distal Forearm or Proximal Humerus Fracture: A Healthcare Database Nested Cohort Study [2015]

Germany

• Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
  • Bone-Targeted Therapy [2015]

• Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care
  • Bisphosphonates, teriparatide and deno-sumab for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis [2023]

International

• Archives of Osteoporosis
  • Efficacy and safety of teriparatide vs. bisphosphonates and denosumab vs. bisphosphonates in osteoporosis not previously treated with bisphosphonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [2024]

• BMJ
  • Fracture risk reduction and safety by osteoporosis treatment compared with placebo or active comparator in postmenopausal women: systematic review, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis of randomised clinical trials [2023]

• European Journal of Endocrinology
  • Extensive expertise in endocrinology: advances in the management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis [2023]

• European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Osteoporosis guidelines from a rehabilitation perspective: systematic analysis and quality appraisal using AGREE II [2021]

• European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases
  • Recommendations for the optimal use of bone forming agents in osteoporosis [2024]
  • Management of patients at very high risk of osteoporotic fractures through sequential treatments [2022]
  • Assessment of Cardiovascular Safety of Anti-Osteoporosis Drugs [2020]
  • Determinants, consequences and potential solutions to poor adherence to anti-osteoporosis treatment: results of an expert group meeting organized by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) and the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) [2019]

• Integrative Medicine Research
  • What traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine recommendations exist across osteoporosis clinical practice guidelines? A systematic review and quality assessment [2022]

• International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
  • Evidence on physical activity and osteoporosis prevention for people aged 65+ years: a systematic review to inform the WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour [2020]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Effects of Multicomponent Exercise Training on the Health of Older Women with Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]

• International Osteoporosis Foundation
  • Impact of osteoporosis and osteoporosis medications on fracture healing: a narrative review [2024]
  • The global approach to rehabilitation following an osteoporotic fragility fracture: A review of the rehabilitation working group of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) committee of scientific advisors [2022]
  • How has COVID-19 affected the treatment of osteoporosis? An IOF-NOF-ESCEO global survey [2021]
  • Capture the Fracture: a Best Practice Framework and global campaign to break the fragility fracture cycle [2013]
  • Treatment
  • Prevention

• Journal of Education and Health Promotion
  • Prevention of osteoporosis in menopausal women: A systematic review of nonpharmacological clinical trials [2022]

• Journal of Frailty & Aging
  • Osteoporosis in Frail Older Adults: Recommendations for Research from the ICFSR Task Force 2020 [2021]

• Medicine
  • Quality assessment of traditional and conventional medicine clinical practice guidelines for osteoporosis [2021]

• Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia
  • Nonpharmacological interventions for osteoporosis treatment: Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines [2019]

• Osteoporosis International
  • Pharmacist interventions in osteoporosis management: a systematic review [2023]
  • Post-fracture care programs for prevention of subsequent fragility fractures: a literature assessment of current trends [2022]
  • Mind the (treatment) gap: a global perspective on current and future strategies for prevention of fragility fractures [2017]

• Patient
  • Stated Preferences of At-Risk Populations for the Treatment of Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review [2024]

• PharmacoEconomics
  • An Updated Systematic Review of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Drugs for Osteoporosis [2021]

• Scientific Reports
  • Comparative safety and effectiveness of alendronate versus raloxifene in women with osteoporosis [2020]

• World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies
  • Vertebral augmentation in osteoporotic spine fractures: WFNS Spine Committee recommendations [2022]
  • Decompression and fusion surgery for osteoporotic vertebral fractures: WFNS spine committee recommendations [2022]

Iran

• Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran
  • Cost-effectiveness of teriparatide compared with alendronate and risedronate for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis patients in Iran [2017]

Ireland

• Age and Ageing
  • Factors associated with initiation of bone-health medication among older adults in primary care in Ireland [2021]

• Archives of Osteoporosis
  • Persistence with oral bisphosphonates and denosumab among older adults in primary care in Ireland [2021]

Italy

• Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
  • Clinical guidelines for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: summary statements and recommendations from the Italian Society for Orthopaedics and Traumatology [2017]

• Reumatismo
  • Expert opinion on the management of patients with osteoporosis with anabolic drugs in Italy [2024]

Japan

• Archives of Osteoporosis
  • Japanese 2011 guidelines for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis - executive summary [2012]

• Clinical Interventions in Aging
  • Systematic review of raloxifene in postmenopausal Japanese women with osteoporosis or low bone mass (osteopenia) [2014]

• Journal of Epidemiology
  • Effect of Distributing an Evidence-Based Guideline for Prevention of Osteoporosis on Health Education Programs in Municipal Health Centers: A Randomized Controlled Trial [2012]

Malta

• Surgery Journal
  • Hip Fractures in Malta: Are we Missing an Opportunity? [2021]

Mexico

• PLoS ONE
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of romosozumab for severe postmenopausal osteoporosis at very high risk of fracture in Mexico [2025]

Netherlands, Sweden

• Archives of Osteoporosis
  • Exploring methods for comparing the real-world effectiveness of treatments for osteoporosis: adjusted direct comparisons versus using patients as their own control [2017]

Norway

• Osteoporosis International
  • Time-varying exposure to anti-osteoporosis drugs and risk of first-time hip fracture: a population wide study within the Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies (NOREPOS) [2023]

Republic of Korea

• BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
  • Association between osteoporosis under treatment and all-cause and specific-cause mortalities: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in South Korea [2025]
  • Association between the awareness of osteoporosis and the quality of care for bone health among Korean women with osteoporosis [2014]

• Journal of Bone Metabolism
  • The Trend in the Sales of Menopausal Hormone and Other Osteoporosis Medications in South Korea from 2016 to 2019 [2021]
  • Position Statement: Exercise Guidelines to Increase Peak Bone Mass in Adolescents [2019]
  • Cost-effectiveness of Pharmaceutical Interventions to Prevent Osteoporotic Fractures in Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia [2016]
  • National Healthcare Budget Impact Analysis of the Treatment for Osteoporosis and Fractures in Korea [2013]

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
  • Factors Associated With Compliance and Persistence With Pharmacotherapy in Patients With Osteoporosis: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea [2025]
  • Incidence and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Bisphosphonates and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Treatment in Korea [2021]

• Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia
  • The secular trends in the use of medications for osteoporosis in South Korea using Intercontinental Medical Statistics Health Sales Audit 2006–2018 [2020]

• PLoS ONE
  • Comparison of the Prescribing Pattern of Bisphosphonate and Raloxifene in Korean Women with Osteoporosis: From a National Health Insurance Claims Database [2015]

Republic of Korea, Spain, United States

• American Journal of Medicine
  • Use of osteoporosis medications after hospitalization for hip fracture: a cross-national study [2015]

Spain

• ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research
  • Cost-effectiveness of bazedoxifene versus raloxifene in the treatment of postmenopausal women in Spain [2013]

• Drugs in R&D
  • Identifying and managing patients at high risk for fractures: conclusions from the second Spanish multidisciplinary forum-parathyroid hormone use in osteoporotic patients at high risk for fractures [2012]

• PLoS ONE
  • Overuse and Underuse of Antiosteoporotic Treatments According to Highly Influential Osteoporosis Guidelines: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Spain [2015]

Spain, United Kingdom

• Clinical Epidemiology
  • Comparative anti-fracture effectiveness of different oral anti-osteoporosis therapies based on “real-world” data: a meta-analysis of propensity-matched cohort findings from the UK Clinical Practice Research Database and the Catalan SIDIAP Database [2018]

Sweden

• Archives of Osteoporosis
  • Secondary fracture prevention with osteoporosis medication after a fragility fracture in Sweden remains low despite new guidelines [2023]

Switzerland

• Archives of Osteoporosis
  • The osteoporosis treatment gap in Switzerland between 1998 and 2018 [2023]

• Swiss Medical Weekly
  • 2020 recommendations for osteoporosis treatment according to fracture risk from the Swiss Association against Osteoporosis (SVGO) [2020]

Taiwan

• Aging
  • The association between osteoporosis medications and lowered all-cause mortality after hip or vertebral fracture in older and oldest-old adults: a nationwide population-based study [2022]

• BMC Geriatrics
  • Adherence to anti-osteoporosis medication associated with lower mortality following hip fracture in older adults: a nationwide propensity score-matched cohort study [2019]

• Frontiers in Endocrinology
  • Denosumab treatment and infection risks in patients with osteoporosis: propensity score matching analysis of a national-wide population-based cohort study [2023]

• Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
  • The Impact of Various Anti-Osteoporosis Drugs on All-Cause Mortality After Hip Fractures: A Nationwide Population Study [2022]

• Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
  • Eleven years secular trend of the initiation of anti-osteoporosis medications and subsequent fractures in Taiwan: From 2008 to 2018 [2023]
  • Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in Taiwan: 2022 update [2023]

Thailand

• Injury
  • A multidisciplinary approach to post-operative fragility hip fracture care in Thailand - a narrative review [2023]

Turkey

• Osteoporosis International
  • No association of anti-osteoporosis drugs with COVID-19-related outcomes in women: a nationwide cohort study [2021]

United Kingdom

• Age and Ageing
  • New national osteoporosis guidance-implications for geriatricians [2022]

• Archives of Osteoporosis
  • Current approaches to secondary prevention after hip fracture in England and Wales - an analysis of trends between 2016 and 2020 using the National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD) [2023]

• Bone
  • Trends in oral anti-osteoporosis drug prescription in the United Kingdom between 1990 and 2012: variation by age, sex, geographic location and ethnicity [2017]

• British Menopause Society
  • Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in women [2023]

• Health Technology Assessment
  • Denosumab, raloxifene, romosozumab and teriparatide to prevent osteoporotic fragility fractures: a systematic review and economic evaluation [2020]
  • Exercise or manual physiotherapy compared with a single session of physiotherapy for osteoporotic vertebral fracture: three-arm PROVE RCT [2019]

• Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
  • Secondary prevention of osteoporosis in non-neck of femur fragility fractures: is it value for money? A retrospective, prospective and cross-sectional cohort study [2013]

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Romosozumab for treating severe osteoporosis [2022]
  • Raloxifene for the primary prevention of osteoporotic fragility fractures in postmenopausal women [2018]
  • Raloxifene and teriparatide for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fragility fractures in postmenopausal women [2018]
  • Denosumab for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women [2010]

• National Osteoporosis Guideline Group
  • Clinical Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis [2024]
  • UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis [2022]

• Office for Health Improvement and Disparities
  • Musculoskeletal health: applying All Our Health
  • Falls and fractures: applying All Our Health

• Osteoporosis International
  • Geographic variation in secondary fracture prevention after a hip fracture during 1999-2013: a UK study [2017]
  • Anti-osteoporosis drug prescribing after hip fracture in the UK: 2000–2010 [2015]

• Royal Osteoporosis Society
  • Supporting patients to get the best from their osteoporosis treatment: a rapid realist review of what works, for whom, and in what circumstance [2022]
  • Strong, steady and straight: UK consensus statement on physical activity and exercise for osteoporosis [2022]
  • Effective secondary prevention of fragility fractures: Clinical standards for Fracture Liaison Services [2019]

United States

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
  • Long-Term Drug Therapy and Drug Holidays for Osteoporosis Fracture Prevention: A Systematic Review [2019]
  • Changes in Osteoporosis Medication Use and Expenditures among Women (Age >= 50), United States, 2000 to 2011 [2014]
  • Treatment To Prevent Fractures in Men and Women With Low Bone Density or Osteoporosis: Update of a 2007 Report [2012]

• American Academy of Pediatrics
  • Optimizing Bone Health in Children and Adolescents [2014]

• American College of Physicians
  • Update Alert: Effectiveness and Safety of Treatments to Prevent Fractures in People With Low Bone Mass or Primary Osteoporosis: A Living Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis for the American College of Physicians [2024]
  • Pharmacologic Treatment of Primary Osteoporosis or Low Bone Mass to Prevent Fractures in Adults: A Living Clinical Guideline From the American College of Physicians (Version 1, Update Alert) [2024]
  • Pharmacologic Treatment of Primary Osteoporosis or Low Bone Mass to Prevent Fractures in Adults: A Living Clinical Guideline From the American College of Physicians [2023]
  • Effectiveness and Safety of Treatments to Prevent Fractures in People With Low Bone Mass or Primary Osteoporosis: A Living Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis for the American College of Physicians [2023]
  • Treatment of Low Bone Density or Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures in Men and Women [2017]

• American Physical Therapy Association
  • Physical Therapist Management of Patients With Suspected or Confirmed Osteoporosis: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the Academy of Geriatric Physical Therapy [2022]

• American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
  • Goal-directed osteoporosis treatment: ASBMR/BHOF task force position statement 2024 [2024]
  • Secondary Fracture Prevention: Consensus Clinical Recommendations from a Multistakeholder Coalition [2020]
  • Osteoporosis therapeutics: recent developments at ASBMR [2016]
  • Making the first fracture the last fracture: ASBMR task force report on secondary fracture prevention [2012]

• Annals of Pharmacotherapy
  • Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Sequential Treatment of Abaloparatide Followed by Alendronate Versus Teriparatide Followed by Alendronate in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis in the United States [2019]

• Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation
  • The clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis [2022]
  • Clinician’s Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis [2014]

• Endocrine Society
  • Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: An Endocrine Society Guideline Update [2020]
  • Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline [2019]

• Endotext
  • Osteoporosis: Prevention and Treatment

• Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
  • The relationship between treatment-related changes in total hip BMD measured after 12, 18, and 24 mo and fracture risk reduction in osteoporosis clinical trials: the FNIH-ASBMR-SABRE project [2024]
  • Pre-treatment bone mineral density and the benefit of pharmacologic treatment on fracture risk and BMD change: analysis from the FNIH-ASBMR SABRE project [2024]
  • Influence of age on the efficacy of pharmacologic treatments on fracture risk reduction and increases in BMD: RCT results from the FNIH-ASBMR-SABRE project [2024]
  • Validation of the Surrogate Threshold Effect for Change in Bone Mineral Density as a Surrogate Endpoint for Fracture Outcomes: The FNIH-ASBMR SABRE Project [2023]

• Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
  • Osteoporosis Medication Use After Hip Fracture in U.S. Patients Between 2002 and 2011 [2014]

• Journal of General Internal Medicine
  • Secular Trends in the Pharmacologic Treatment of Osteoporosis and Malignancy-Related Bone Disease from 2009 to 2020 [2022]

• Journal of Rheumatology
  • Patient Perceptions of Osteoporosis Treatment Thresholds [2014]

• Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
  • Cost-effectiveness of sequential treatment with abaloparatide followed by alendronate vs. alendronate monotherapy in women at increased risk of fracture: A US payer perspective [2020]

{Related topics}

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