Pregnancy

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Fetal alcohol syndrome, alcohol in pregnancy

Africa

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Actual and predicted prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in the WHO African Region [2016]

Americas

• Pan American Health Organization
  • Health Services for Hazardous Use of Alcohol and Alcohol Use Disorders: what is the Latest Evidence? [2022]
  • Assessment of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders [2020]

Australia

• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
  • Alcohol use during pregnancy

• BMC Pediatrics
  • Invited commentary on Australian fetal alcohol spectrum disorder diagnostic guidelines [2014]
  • Recommendations from a consensus development workshop on the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in Australia [2013]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Drowning our sorrows: clinical and ethical considerations of termination in alcohol-affected pregnancy [2020]

• BMJ Open
  • Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder resources for health professionals: a scoping review [2024]

• Department of Health and Aged Care
  • National Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Strategic Action Plan 2018-2028 – Three-year implementation review [2022]
  • National Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Strategic Action Plan 2018–2028 [2018]

• FASD Hub Australia
  • For Health Professionals

• Implementation Science
  • Cost, cost-consequence and cost-effectiveness evaluation of a practice change intervention to increase routine provision of antenatal care addressing maternal alcohol consumption [2022]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Prevalence and Patterns of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Australian Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies: A Systematic Review of Data Collection Approaches [2022]
  • Key Stakeholder Priorities for the Review and Update of the Australian Guide to Diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Descriptive Study [2022]

• International Journal of Population Data Science
  • It takes a village: Influencing policy and practice to prevent alcohol use in pregnancy and promote better outcomes for individuals living with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder [2022]
  • Community Priority setting for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research in Australia [2020]

• National Health and Medical Research Council
  • Early diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in Indigenous children [2020]
  • Australian guidelines to reduce health risks from drinking alcohol

• Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law
  • Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: the importance of assessment, diagnosis and support in the Australian justice context [2020]

• Public Health Research and Practice
  • Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in Australia – the future is prevention [2015]

Australia, New Zealand

• Health Promotion International
  • Influencing and implementing mandatory alcohol pregnancy warning labels in Australia and New Zealand [2023]

Brazil

• Cadernos de Saúde Pública
  • Prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy, Brazil, 2011-2012 [2023]

Canada

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • A harmonized analysis of five Canadian pregnancy cohort studies: exploring the characteristics and pregnancy outcomes associated with prenatal alcohol exposure [2023]

• BMC Public Health
  • The cost-effectiveness of screening tools used in the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a modelled analysis [2019]
  • Population-based prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Canada [2019]

• BMJ Open
  • Canadian clinical capacity for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder assessment, diagnosis, disclosure and support to children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study [2022]

• Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
  • Substance Use in Breastfeeding Parents: A Review of Safety and Guidelines [2018]

• Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
  • Suicidality and Associated Factors Among Individuals Assessed for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Across the Lifespan in Canada [2022]
  • The Standardization of Diagnostic Criteria for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): Implications for Research, Clinical Practice and Population Health [2019]
  • Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD): A Policy Perspective [2019]
  • Advocacy-Related Information Distortion: The Case of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders [2019]

• CMAJ
  • Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a guideline for diagnosis across the lifespan [2016]

• Health
  • ‘Think before you drink’: Challenging narratives on foetal alcohol spectrum disorder and indigeneity in Canada [2021]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • The Potential for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Prevention of a Harmonized Approach to Data Collection about Alcohol Use in Pregnancy Cohort Studies [2019]

• Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
  • Teacher-Reported Prevalence of FASD in Kindergarten in Canada: Association with Child Development and Problems at Home [2021]

• Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Persisting Concerns Regarding the New Canadian FASD Guidelines [2018]
  • A Critique of the New Canadian Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Guideline [2017]

• Perinatal Services BC
  • Provincial Guideline for the Clinical Management of High-Risk Drinking and Alcohol Use Disorder [2020]

• PLoS ONE
  • Cost of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis in Canada [2013]

• Public Health Agency of Canada
  • Prevalence of alcohol use among women of reproductive age in Canada [2021]
  • FASD prevalence among children and youth: results from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth [2021]
  • Alcohol use during pregnancy and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Canada: who, what, where? [2021]
  • Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

• Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
  • Screening and Counselling for Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy [2020]
  • Alcohol Use and Pregnancy Consensus Clinical Guidelines [2017]

• Women's Health
  • Supportive alcohol policy as a key element of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder prevention [2023]

Canada, United Kingdom, United States

• Women's Health
  • Supporting pregnant and parenting women who use alcohol during pregnancy: A scoping review of trauma-informed approaches [2023]

Canada, United States

• Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
  • Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Can We Change the Future? [2020]

• European Journal of Medical Genetics
  • Prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders among the general and Aboriginal populations in Canada and the United States [2016]

Denmark

• Lancet Public Health
  • Heavy prenatal alcohol exposure and overall morbidities: a Danish nationwide cohort study from 1996 to 2018 [2023]

Ethiopia

• PLoS ONE
  • Spatial distribution and determinants of alcohol consumption among pregnant women in Ethiopia: Spatial and multilevel analysis [2022]

Europe

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Prevention of alcohol exposed pregnancies in Europe: the FAR SEAS guidelines [2024]

• WHO European Region
  • Prevention of harm caused by alcohol exposure in pregnancy: rapid review and case studies from Member States [2016]

France

• Drug and Alcohol Dependence
  • The frequency of severe Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in the neonatal period using data from the French hospital discharge database between 2006 and 2013 [2021]

• Reproductive Health
  • Warning about drinking during pregnancy: lessons from the French experience [2018]

Germany

• European Journal of Paediatric Neurology
  • Diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: German guideline version 2024 [2024]

High-income countries

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions for pregnant women: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis [2023]

International

• Addiction
  • Prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder among special subpopulations: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]

• Alcohol Research: Current Reviews
  • Low to Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Narrative Review and Methodological Considerations [2023]
  • Identifying Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Children Affected by It: A Review of Biomarkers and Screening Tools [2023]

• Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
  • Alcohol Use in Pregnancy and Miscarriage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2019]

• BMC Medicine
  • Prenatal alcohol exposure and associations with physical size, dysmorphology and neurodevelopment: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• BMJ Open
  • Systematic literature review on which maternal alcohol behaviours are related to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) [2018]

• Drug and Alcohol Review
  • Why do women consume alcohol during pregnancy or while breastfeeding? [2022]

• European Journal of Midwifery
  • Opening Pandora's box: A meta-ethnography about alcohol use in pregnancy from midwives' and other healthcare providers' perspectives [2023]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • The Alcohol Industry and Social Responsibility: Links to FASD [2022]

• International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
  • Screening for Alcohol Use in Pregnancy: a Review of Current Practices and Perspectives [2021]

• Journal of Affective Disorders
  • Prevalence of co-occurring diagnoses in people exposed to alcohol prenatally: Findings from a meta-analysis [2024]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Estimation of national, regional, and global prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy and fetal alcohol syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2017]
  • The international charter on prevention of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder [2014]

• Midwifery
  • Women's views and experiences of occasional alcohol consumption during pregnancy: A systematic review of qualitative studies and their recommendations [2022]

• Neonatology
  • Ignored Papers, Invented Quotations: A History of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome [2021]

• Nutrients
  • Alcohol’s Impact on the Fetus [2021]

Ireland

• Ireland's Health Services
  • HSE Position on Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders [2022]

Israel

• Drug and Alcohol Dependence
  • Pregnant women’s alcohol consumption and knowledge about its risks: An Israeli survey [2021]

• Nutrients
  • Nutritionists' Practices and Knowledge about the Risks of Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy: An Israeli Survey [2022]

Italy

• Rivista di Psichiatria
  • Italian Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: prevention and health promotion [2024]
  • Italian Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: multimodal approaches of treatment and intervention [2024]
  • Italian Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: epidemiology [2024]
  • Italian Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: detecting alcohol drinking during pregnancy [2024]
  • Italian Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: cognitive and behavioral deficits [2024]
  • Italian Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders [2024]

Japan

• BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  • Association between maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and risk of preterm delivery: the Japan Environment and Children's Study [2019]

• Scientific Reports
  • Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy and Risk of Placental Abnormality: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study [2019]

Netherlands

• BMC Public Health
  • Prevalence and pattern of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in the Netherlands [2015]

Netherlands, United States

• Journal of Medical Internet Research
  • Effectiveness of Digital Interventions for Preventing Alcohol Consumption in Pregnancy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2022]

New Zealand

• Health New Zealand
  • Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Diagnostic Guidelines for Aotearoa New Zealand [2024]
  • Examining neurocognitive outcomes of children that have experienced prenatal alcohol exposure using data from the Growing Up in New Zealand [2023]
  • Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

• Starship
  • Alcohol - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

Norway

• Scientific Reports
  • Pre-conception and prenatal alcohol exposure from mothers and fathers drinking and head circumference: results from the Norwegian Mother-Child Study (MoBa) [2016]

Poland

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Is Public Health Response to the Phenomenon of Alcohol Use during Pregnancy Adequate to the Polish Women's Needs? [2022]
  • Diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs): Guidelines of Interdisciplinary Group of Polish Professionals [2021]

Republic of Korea

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Alcohol Use Disorders and Increased Risk of Adverse Birth Complications and Outcomes: An 11-Year Nationwide Cohort Study [2020]

South Africa

• African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine
  • Alcohol ban during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: Lessons for preventing foetal alcohol spectrum disorder in South Africa [2022]

• Archives of Public Health
  • A pooled prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in South Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol [2021]

• BMC Health Services Research
  • A guideline for the prevention and management of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in South Africa [2019]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Policy Requirements for the Prevention and Management of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in South Africa: A Policy Brief [2021]

• Health Policy and Planning
  • A scoping review of the determinants of foetal alcohol spectrum disorder in South Africa: an intersectional perspective [2021]

• Health Research Policy and Systems
  • To what extent is Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder considered in policy-related documents in South Africa? A document review [2019]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Alcohol use during pregnancy and associated factors among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa: further analysis of the recent demographic and health survey data [2022]

• Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment
  • Alcohol consumption and its associated factors among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis' as given in the submission system [2020]

Tanzania

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and associated factors among pregnant women in Tanzania: evidence from the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey [2025]

United Kingdom

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Barriers and enablers of implementation of alcohol guidelines with pregnant women: a cross-sectional survey among UK midwives [2021]

• BMJ Open
  • Low alcohol consumption and pregnancy and childhood outcomes: time to change guidelines indicating apparently ‘safe’ levels of alcohol during pregnancy? A systematic review and meta-analyses [2017]

• British Medical Association
  • Alcohol and pregnancy: preventing and managing fetal alcohol spectrum disorders [2016]

• Department of Health and Social Care
  • Alcohol Guidelines Review – Report from the Guidelines Development Group to the UK Chief Medical Officers [2016]
  • Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: health needs assessment

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder [2022]

• NHS England
  • Alcohol exposed pregnancy standing operational procedure [2022]

• SIGN
  • Children and young people exposed prenatally to alcohol

United States

• Alcohol Research: Current Reviews
  • Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Awareness to Insight in Just 50 Years [2022]

• Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
  • Development and validation of a postnatal risk score that identifies children with prenatal alcohol exposure [2022]

• American Academy of Pediatrics
  • The Role of Integrated Care in a Medical Home for Patients With a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder [2018]
  • Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders [2015]
  • Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • At-Risk Drinking and Alcohol Dependence: Obstetric and Gynecologic Implications [2011]

• American Family Physician
  • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders [2017]

• American Journal of Nursing
  • Addressing Alcohol Use in Pregnancy [2020]

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Week-by-week alcohol consumption in early pregnancy and spontaneous abortion risk: A prospective cohort study [2021]

• American Journal of Preventive Medicine
  • Trends in Alcohol Use Among Pregnant Women in the U.S., 2011–2018 [2020]

• Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
  • Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders [2023]

• BMC Proceedings
  • Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders prevention and clinical guidelines research - workshop report [2024]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Screening and Brief Interventions for Alcohol Use During Pregnancy: Practices Among US Primary Care Clinicians, DocStyles 2019 [2023]
  • Alcohol Use, Screening, and Brief Intervention Among Pregnant Persons — 24 U.S. Jurisdictions, 2017 and 2019 [2023]
  • Alcohol Consumption and Binge Drinking During Pregnancy Among Adults Aged 18–49 Years — United States, 2018–2020 [2022]
  • Alcohol Use and Co-Use of Other Substances Among Pregnant Females Aged 12–44 Years — United States, 2015–2018 [2020]
  • Consumption of Alcohol Beverages and Binge Drinking Among Pregnant Women Aged 18–44 Years — United States, 2015–2017 [2019]
  • Vital Signs: Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancies — United States, 2011–2013 [2016]
  • Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

• Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Alcohol Use in Pregnancy [2019]

• Current Developmental Disorders Reports
  • Neurobehavioral Disorder Associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (ND-PAE): Review of Evidence and Guidelines for Assessment [2015]

• Drug and Alcohol Dependence
  • Trajectories of prenatal alcohol exposure and behavioral outcomes: Findings from a community-based sample [2022]
  • Racial differences in the relationship between alcohol/pregnancy policies and birth outcomes and prenatal care utilization: A legal epidemiology study [2019]

• JAMA Network Open
  • Association of Pregnancy-Specific Alcohol Policies With Infant Morbidities and Maltreatment [2023]
  • Trends in Binge Drinking and Heavy Alcohol Consumption Among Pregnant Women in the US, 2011 to 2020 [2022]

• Journal of Pediatric Health Care
  • Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: What Pediatric Providers Need to Know [2017]

• Journal of Public Health Management and Practice
  • Variations by education status in relationships between alcohol/pregnancy policies and birth outcomes and prenatal care utilization: a legal epidemiology study [2020]

• Maternal and Child Health Journal
  • Performance Measurement: A Proposal to Increase Use of SBIRT and Decrease Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy [2014]

• Medical Decision Making
  • Reducing the Prevalence of Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancies in the United States: A Simulation Modeling Study [2022]

• National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
  • Understanding Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

• Pediatrics
  • Updated Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosing Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders [2016]

• Scientific Reports
  • Punitive state policies targeting alcohol use during pregnancy and alcohol consumption among pregnant women [2024]

• Women's Health
  • Alcohol consumption and pregnancy in American Indian and Alaska Native women: A scoping review of the literature [2023]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Obstetrics, perinatology