Africa - Arab countries - Asia - Australia - Australia, New Zealand - Austria - Austria, Germany, Switzerland - Bangladesh - Belgium - Brazil - Canada - China - Croatia - Democratic Republic of the Congo - Denmark - Ethiopia - Europe - Europe, United States - Finland - France - Germany - High-income countries - Hong Kong - Hungary - Iceland - India - Indonesia - International - Iran - Ireland - Israel - Italy - Japan - Jordan - Lebanon - Low and middle income countries - Malaysia - Mexico - Middle East, North Africa - Middle-income countries - Morocco - Netherlands - New Zealand - Nigeria - Norway - Palau - Poland - Qatar - Republic of Korea - Saudi Arabia - Singapore - Slovenia - South Africa - South and South-East Asia - South Asia - South-East Asia - Spain - Sri Lanka - Sub-Saharan Africa - Sweden - Switzerland - Taiwan - Tajikistan - Trinidad and Tobago - United Arab Emirates - United Kingdom - United States - Vietnam - WHO - {Related topics}

Africa

• Archives of Public Health
  • Prevalence and determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus in Africa based on the updated international diagnostic criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Self-management interventions for gestational diabetes in Africa: a scoping review [2024]

• International Health
  • Barriers to screening, diagnosis and management of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy in Africa: a systematic review [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Outcomes of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis [2026]
  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Africa: A Systematic Review [2014]

Arab countries

• Midwifery
  • Gestational diabetes education management interventions implemented across Arabic-speaking countries: A systematic scoping review [2025]

Asia

• Frontiers in Endocrinology
  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Asians - A Systematic Review From a Population Health Perspective [2022]

Australia

• Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
  • Healthcare for People With Diabetes in Pregnancy: A National Survey Comparing Metropolitan and Rural Care Delivery in Australia [2026]
  • Metformin: A promising option for the management of gestational diabetes mellitus - Exploring the benefits, challenges and clinical needs in the current management of gestational diabetes mellitus [2022]

• Australian Family Physician
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus – negotiating the confusion [2013]

• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
  • Gestational diabetes [2024]
  • Incidence of gestational diabetes in Australia [2019]
  • Improving national reporting on diabetes in pregnancy: technical report [2019]
  • Diabetes in pregnancy 2014–2015 [2019]

• Australian Journal of General Practice
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus: A pragmatic approach to diagnosis and management [2018]

• Australian Prescriber
  • Managing pre-existing diabetes prior to and during pregnancy [2024]

• BMJ Open
  • Mapping fine-scale spatial risk patterns of gestational diabetes over time in Australia: a nationwide geospatial study [2025]

• Current Diabetes Reports
  • Counterpoint: Establishing Consensus in the Diagnosis of GDM Following the HAPO Study [2014]

• Diabetes Australia
  • Gestational Diabetes in Australia Position Statement [2020]

• Diabetes Care
  • Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy During and After Pregnancy-A Nationwide Matched-Cohort Study [2025]

• Diabetologia
  • Long-term cost-effectiveness of implementing a lifestyle intervention during pregnancy to reduce the incidence of gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes [2023]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • A Review of the Current Status of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Australia—The Clinical Impact of Changing Population Demographics and Diagnostic Criteria on Prevalence [2020]

• Journal of Pregnancy
  • Implementation of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Criteria: Not Always a Cause for Concern [2015]

• Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific
  • Diabetes during pregnancy and birthweight trends among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory of Australia over 30 years [2020]

• Nutrients
  • Supports and Barriers to Lifestyle Interventions in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Australia: A National Online Survey [2023]

• Queensland Health
  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

• Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
  • Gestational diabetes

• SA Health
  • Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes

• Value in Health
  • Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Antenatal Lifestyle Interventions to Reduce the Incidence of Gestational Diabetes and Type-2 Diabetes [2026]

Australia, New Zealand

• Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society
  • Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society (ADIPS) 2025 consensus recommendations for the screening, diagnosis and classification of gestational diabetes [2025]
  • The ADIPS Pilot National Diabetes in Pregnancy Benchmarking Programme [2021]
  • ADIPS position paper on pre-existing diabetes and pregnancy [2020]
  • ADIPS 2020 guideline for pre-existing diabetes and pregnancy [2020]

• Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) [2017]

Austria

• Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
  • Universal gestational diabetes screening and antepartum stillbirth rates in Austria-A population-based study [2022]

Austria, Germany, Switzerland

• Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) – Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up. Guideline of the DDG and DGGG (S3 Level, AWMF Registry Number 057/008, February 2018) [2018]

Bangladesh

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Bangladesh: Findings from Demographic Health Survey 2017-2018 [2022]

• Journal of Diabetology
  • Current Practices in Diagnosis and Management of Gestational Diabetes: A Bangladesh Study [2021]

Belgium

• BMC Medicine
  • Reconsideration of lowering gestational weight gain guidelines in pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes: evidence from a Belgian study [2025]

• PLoS ONE
  • Glucose Intolerance after a Recent History of Gestational Diabetes Based on the 2013 WHO Criteria [2016]

Brazil

• BMJ Open
  • Telephone lifestyle intervention to prevent diabetes in women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus attending the national health system: the LINDA-Brasil clinical trial [2024]

• Cadernos de Saúde Pública
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

Canada

• CMAJ
  • The effect of changing screening practices and demographics on the incidence of gestational diabetes in British Columbia, 2005-2019 [2023]

• Diabetes Canada
  • Diabetes and Pregnancy [2018]

• Environmental Research
  • Exposure to organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides, perfluoroalkyl substances, and polychlorinated biphenyls in pregnancy and the association with impaired glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus: The MIREC Study [2016]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Trends in National Canadian Guideline Recommendations for the Screening and Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus over the Years: A Scoping Review [2021]

• Perinatal Services BC
  • Screening for Gestational Diabetes in Pregnancy [2024]

• Public Health Agency of Canada
  • Impact of pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus on congenital anomalies, Canada, 2002-2012 [2015]

• Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
  • Diabetes in Pregnancy [2019]

China

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Perioperative blood glucose and energy management in gestational diabetes mellitus: a survey of obstetric staff from selected regions in China [2026]

• BMJ Open
  • Association between prepregnancy body mass index or gestational weight gain and adverse pregnancy outcomes among Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • The short-term health and economic burden of gestational diabetes mellitus in China: a modelling study [2017]

• Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine
  • Diagnosis, prevention and management of gestational diabetes mellitus [2016]

• Diabetes & Metabolism Journal
  • Identification and Potential Clinical Utility of Common Genetic Variants in Gestational Diabetes among Chinese Pregnant Women [2025]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus as an Effect Modifier of the Association of Gestational Weight Gain with Perinatal Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study in China [2022]
  • Prevalence, Prevention, and Lifestyle Intervention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in China [2020]

• Journal of Diabetes
  • Pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes in China during 2004 to 2014: A retrospective study (the CARNATION Study) [2022]

• Journal of Diabetes Investigation
  • The Influence of Different Diagnostic Criteria on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Incidence and Medical Expenditures in China [2019]
  • Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in mainland China: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]

• Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • A Summary of Chinese Guidelines on Diagnosis and Management of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy (2022) [2023]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Preconception diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes in over 6.4 million women: A population-based cohort study in China [2019]

Croatia

• Biochemia Medica
  • Redefinition of gestational diabetes mellitus: implications for laboratory practice in Croatia [2013]

• Journal of Pregnancy
  • Impact of the Implementation of New WHO Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Prevalence and Perinatal Outcomes: A Population-Based Study [2016]

Democratic Republic of the Congo

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Prevalence of gestational diabetes in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo [2022]

Denmark

• Acta Diabetologica
  • Regional divergence and time trends in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a national Danish cohort study [2023]

• BMC Public Health
  • Associations between follow-up screening after gestational diabetes and early detection of diabetes – a register based study [2014]

• Cardiovascular Diabetology
  • Cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus: a nationwide register-based cohort study [2022]

• Danish Medical Journal
  • Implications of a new guideline on treating gestational diabetes in Denmark [2025]

• Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
  • Validation of Danish registry-cases of type 1 diabetes in women giving live birth using a clinical cohort as gold standard [2023]

• European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
  • Prevalence and recurrence rate of gestational diabetes: A nationwide cohort study [2026]

• Nutrients
  • Dietary Advice to Support Glycaemic Control and Weight Management in Women with Type 1 Diabetes during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding [2022]
  • Diet and Healthy Lifestyle in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [2020]

Ethiopia

• European Journal of Medical Research
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus and its associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

• Frontiers in Pediatrics
  • Stillbirth Among Patients With Diabetes in Pregnancy in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Double burden of gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertension in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies [2024]

• Systematic Reviews
  • Epidemiology of hyperglycemia during pregnancy in Ethiopia: prevalence, associated factors, and feto-maternal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

Europe

• Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
  • Addressing the social determinants of adverse outcomes in pregestational diabetes [2025]

• Diabetes Care
  • Applying Current Screening Tools for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus to a European Population: Is It Time for Change? [2013]

• Diabetic Medicine
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus in Europe: prevalence, current screening practice and barriers to screening. A review [2012]

• Frontiers in Endocrinology
  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Studies [2021]

• Ginekologia Polska
  • Towards a European Consensus on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Pragmatic Guide for Diagnosis, Management, and Care. The Polish Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group and FIGO [2017]

• PLoS ONE
  • Prescribing of Antidiabetic Medicines before, during and after Pregnancy: A Study in Seven European Regions [2016]

Europe, United States

• American Diabetes Association
  • Predictors and risk factors of short-term and long-term outcomes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their offspring: Moving toward precision prognosis? [2023]

• Endocrine Society
  • Preexisting Diabetes and Pregnancy: An Endocrine Society and European Society of Endocrinology Joint Clinical Practice Guideline [2025]

Finland

• Acta Diabetologica
  • Previous induced abortion or miscarriage is associated with increased odds for gestational diabetes: a nationwide register-based cohort study in Finland [2023]
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus and labor analgesia: nationwide register-based analysis in Finland [2022]

• BMC Public Health
  • Healthy Food Intake Index (HFII) – Validity and reproducibility in a gestational-diabetes-risk population [2016]

• Food & Nutrition Research
  • Nutrient intake of pregnant women at high risk of gestational diabetes [2015]

• PLoS ONE
  • Pregnancy outcomes according to the definition of gestational diabetes [2020]

France

• European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
  • The impact of gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension on future cardiovascular events: A nationwide cross-sectional cohort study [2024]

• Journal of the American Heart Association
  • Gestational Diabetes and Incident Hospitalization for Cardiovascular Disease: A Nationwide French Cohort Study [2025]

• Kidney360
  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Incident Kidney Disease: A Nationwide French Cohort Study [2026]

Germany

• Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
  • Pregnancy Complications in Women With Pregestational and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [2023]

• Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes
  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), Diagnostics, Therapy and Follow-up Care [2023]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Birth Order, Caesarean Section, or Daycare Attendance in Relation to Child- and Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Results from the German National Cohort [2022]

• Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association
  • German gynecologists’ experience with a universal screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in daily practice: A qualitative study [2016]

• Scientific Reports
  • Gestational diabetes in Germany-prevalence, trend during the past decade and utilization of follow-up care: an observational study [2023]

High-income countries

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM
  • Systematic review of interventions in early pregnancy among pregnant individuals at risk for hyperglycemia [2025]

• Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus and its impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes in Indigenous populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• Frontiers in Endocrinology
  • Management of type 2 diabetes in pregnancy: a narrative review [2023]

• Health Expectations
  • Perspectives of women living with type 1 diabetes regarding preconception and antenatal care: A qualitative evidence synthesis [2024]

• International Breastfeeding Journal
  • Promoting breastfeeding in women with gestational diabetes mellitus in high-income settings: an integrative review [2024]

• Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
  • Long-Term Follow-Up on Morbidity Among Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review [2022]

• Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
  • Automated Insulin Delivery for Pregnant Women With Type 1 Diabetes: Where Do We Stand? [2024]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy among Indigenous women in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the USA: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

• Primary Care Diabetes
  • The perspectives of healthcare professionals in providing care to women with GDM in high-income nations: A qualitative systematic review [2025]

Hong Kong

• Hong Kong College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Guidelines for the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [2016]

Hungary

• Frontiers in Endocrinology
  • Trend of pregnancy outcomes in type 1 diabetes compared to control women: a register-based analysis in 1996-2018 [2023]

Iceland

• European Journal of Public Health
  • Trends in gestational diabetes in Iceland before and after guideline changes in 2012: a nationwide study from 1997 to 2020 [2024]

India

• Acta Diabetologica
  • Comparison of screening for gestational diabetes mellitus by oral glucose tolerance tests done in the non-fasting (random) and fasting states [2014]

• Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India
  • Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy [2024]

• Frontiers in Endocrinology
  • The Challenges and Recommendations for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Care in India: A Review [2017]

• Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Need for testing glucose tolerance in the early weeks of pregnancy [2016]
  • Current practices in the diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes mellitus in India (WINGS-5) [2016]
  • Psychosocial management of diabetes in pregnancy [2013]

• Indian Journal of Medical Research
  • Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in India: The ICMR-INDIAB national study (ICMR-INDIAB-24) [2025]

• Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
  • Diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy - A review [2021]

• Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
  • A step towards real-time implementation of GDM guidelines in India: Review of Gaps in RCH Programme [2020]

• Medicina
  • Negotiating Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in India: A National Approach [2021]

• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
  • Diagnosis & Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [2018]

• Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Meta-analysis comparing diabetes in pregnancy study group India (DIPSI) vs the international association of the diabetes and pregnancy study groups (IADPSG) criteria for diagnosis of gestational diabetes among Indian population [2023]

Indonesia

• Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies
  • Indonesian Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes in Pregnancy [2013]

International

• Acta Diabetologica
  • Short-term neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes treated using metformin versus insulin: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [2023]

• Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
  • Women's perspectives to improve prenatal care for gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-aggregation of qualitative studies [2025]
  • First-trimester biomarkers of gestational diabetes mellitus: A scoping review [2025]

• Advances in Nutrition
  • Effects of Dietary Approaches and Exercise Interventions on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-analysis [2024]

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Pregnancy outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Evidence for improved glucose metrics and perinatal outcomes with continuous glucose monitoring compared to self-monitoring in diabetes during pregnancy [2025]

• American Journal of Reproductive Immunology
  • Prognostic Impact of Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A) for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of More Than 90 000 Pregnancies [2025]

• Asian Nursing Research
  • Effects of Digital Health Interventions in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2026]

• Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
  • The role of continuous glucose monitoring in the diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes mellitus [2025]
  • Diagnosis of gestational diabetes: Evidence and pitfalls [2025]

• BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  • Evaluation of Clinical Practice Guidelines on Timing and Onset of Labour in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review [2026]
  • Pre-Existing and Gestational Diabetes and Risk of Maternal Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies [2025]

• BMC Medicine
  • The role of continuous glucose monitoring for diagnosis of gestational diabetes: exploring the potential [2026]
  • Maternal macronutrient intake and gestational diabetes: systematic review of prospective observational studies and dose-response meta-analyses [2026]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Investigating factors affecting the quality of life of women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Impact of fetal sex on neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Postnatal care after gestational diabetes - a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines [2024]
  • A systematic literature review on how consumer and community involvement have shaped and influenced pre-pregnancy care interventions for women with diabetes [2024]
  • The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies [2022]
  • A scoping review of gestational diabetes mellitus healthcare: experiences of care reported by pregnant women internationally [2022]
  • Quality appraisal of gestational diabetes mellitus guidelines with AGREE II: a systematic review [2019]
  • Current guidelines on the management of gestational diabetes mellitus: a content analysis and appraisal [2019]

• BMC Public Health
  • Physical activity during pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis [2024]
  • Effectiveness of psychoeducation interventions for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: an integrative review [2024]

• BMC Women's Health
  • Community-based non-pharmacological interventions for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review [2022]
  • Preconception care for women with diabetes: a review of current guideline recommendations [2010]

• BMJ
  • Effects of lifestyle interventions in pregnancy on gestational diabetes: individual participant data and network meta-analysis [2026]
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • Association of gestational diabetes mellitus with overall and type specific cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• BMJ Open
  • Association between gestational diabetes mellitus diagnostic criteria and adverse pregnancy outcomes-a systematic review and meta-analysis of adjusted effect sizes from studies using current diagnostic criteria [2024]
  • Evaluation of guidelines on the screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus: systematic review [2019]
  • Assessment of the methodological quality of local clinical practice guidelines on the identification and management of gestational diabetes [2019]

• BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
  • Antidiabetic medication use during pregnancy: an international utilization study [2019]

• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Interventions to prevent women from developing gestational diabetes mellitus: an overview of Cochrane Reviews [2020]

• Cureus
  • Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Review of Clinical Guidelines and Practices [2025]

• Current Diabetes Reports
  • Models Predicting Postpartum Glucose Intolerance Among Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a Systematic Review [2023]

• Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews
  • Impact of carbohydrate quantity and quality on maternal and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• Diabetes & Metabolism Journal
  • Effect of Different Types of Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Adverse Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression [2022]

• Diabetes Care
  • Summary and Recommendations of the Fifth International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [2007]

• Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus recurrence rate and risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Continuous glucose monitoring in gestational diabetes mellitus: hope or hype? [2025]
  • Ethnic differences in the effects of lifestyle interventions on adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • The absolute and relative risk of type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 129 studies [2021]
  • Increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus when implementing the IADPSG criteria: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

• Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity
  • An Update on Screening Strategies for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review [2021]

• Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews
  • Maternal metabolic factors and the association with gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• Diabetic Medicine
  • The use of machine learning to predict pharmacological therapy in gestational diabetes: A scoping review [2026]
  • Associations of modifiable preconception, pregnancy and postpartum factors with health outcomes for women with type 2 diabetes and their children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies [2026]
  • Interventions in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and postpartum periods to optimise care and health outcomes: A systematic review [2025]
  • Experiences of women with type 2 diabetes during the pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and postpartum periods: A systematic review of qualitative studies [2025]
  • Attendance at pre-pregnancy care clinics for women with type 1 diabetes: A scoping review [2023]
  • Barriers to and enablers of postpartum health behaviours among women from diverse cultural backgrounds with prior gestational diabetes: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis applying the theoretical domains framework [2022]

• Diabetologia
  • Hyperglycaemia in pregnancy: the role of ethnicity and geography in risk and outcomes [2025]
  • Secular trend for increasing birthweight in offspring of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: is improved placentation the reason? [2023]

• Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
  • The impact of diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes on its prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]

• Drugs in Context
  • A review of current treatment strategies for gestational diabetes mellitus [2015]

• EClinicalMedicine
  • Association of maternal lipid profile and gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 292 studies and 97,880 women [2021]

• Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
  • Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes [2024]

• Frontiers in Endocrinology
  • The effect of continuous glucose monitoring on neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with diabetes [2026]
  • Early pregnancy biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus prediction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of routine laboratory, metabolic, and inflammatory markers [2026]
  • The impact of mobile health interventions on maternal-neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Prevalence and risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Comprehensive management of gestational diabetes mellitus: practical efficacy of exercise therapy and sustained intervention strategies [2024]
  • Progress and indication for use of continuous glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes in pregnancy: a review [2023]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • The effect of diet quality on the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Efficacy and safety of hypoglycemic agents on gestational diabetes mellitus in women: A Bayesian network analysis of randomized controlled trials [2023]

• International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups
  • International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Recommendations on the Diagnosis and Classification of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy [2010]

• International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
  • Pregnancy as an opportunity to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus: FIGO Best Practice Advice [2023]
  • Update on diagnosis of hyperglycemia in pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus from FIGO's Pregnancy & Non-Communicable Diseases Committee [2021]
  • Towards a global consensus on GDM diagnosis: Light at the end of the tunnel? [2020]
  • FIGO’s response to the global challenge of hyperglycemia in pregnancy – toward a global consensus [2018]
  • The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Initiative on gestational diabetes mellitus: A pragmatic guide for diagnosis, management, and care [2015]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • A Systematic Review to Compare Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Pregestational Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes [2022]

• International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
  • Efficacy of inositol supplementation for the prevention and treatment of gestational diabetes in pregnant women: Results from an umbrella meta-analysis [2026]

• International Journal of Medical Informatics
  • Artificial intelligence methods in gestational diabetes mellitus prediction: A systematic literature review [2026]

• International Journal of Molecular Sciences
  • Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes in Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young: A Systematic Review [2025]

• International Journal of Women's Health
  • Updated guidelines on screening for gestational diabetes [2015]

• JAMA Ophthalmology
  • Global Estimates of Diabetic Retinopathy Prevalence and Progression in Pregnant Women With Preexisting Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2022]

• Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
  • A Systematic Review Supporting the Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Preexisting Diabetes and Pregnancy [2025]

• Journal of Clinical Medicine
  • The Risk for Glucose Intolerance after Gestational Diabetes Mellitus since the Introduction of the IADPSG Criteria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2019]

• Journal of Diabetes
  • The efficacy of interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes among women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus-A living systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• Journal of Diabetes Research
  • The Effect of Smartphone Application-Based Self-Management Interventions Compared to Face-to-Face Diabetic Interventions for Pregnant Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis [2025]
  • Relationship Between Improvements in Glycemic Control and Risk of Pregnancy Complications in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Metaregression Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Intensive Glucose Management [2025]

• Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
  • The Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Comparison to Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review [2026]
  • Impact of Automated Insulin Delivery on Glycemic Profile and Maternal/Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnancy: A Review of the Evidence From Observational Studies [2026]

• Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
  • The effect of patient education on maternal fasting blood glucose in gestational diabetes mellitus in randomized controlled trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • The effect of patient education on maternal fasting blood glucose in gestational diabetes mellitus in randomized controlled trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • A meta-analysis of metformin and insulin on maternal outcome and neonatal outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus [2024]

• Journal of Medical Internet Research
  • Technology-Based Interventions for Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Following Gestational Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2026]
  • Predictive Performance of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2026]

• Journal of Transcultural Nursing
  • Interventions That Support Breastfeeding for Women With Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2026]

• Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
  • Application of continuous glucose monitoring and automated insulin delivery technologies for pregnant women with type 1, type 2, or gestational diabetes: an international consensus statement [2026]

• Medical Sciences
  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Dual Risk of Small and Large for Gestational Age: A Narrative Review [2025]

• Medicine
  • Effectiveness of five interventions used for prevention of gestational diabetes: A network meta-analysis [2022]

• Midwifery
  • Overdiagnosis in screening for gestational diabetes: A scoping review [2026]
  • Women's experiences and needs in the use of digital technologies for the management of gestational diabetes: An integrative systematic review [2025]

• Nature Communications
  • Multi-ancestry, trans-generational GWAS meta-analysis of gestational diabetes and glycaemic traits during pregnancy reveals limited evidence of pregnancy-specific genetic effects [2026]

• Nursing Open
  • Guidelines for the nursing management of gestational diabetes mellitus: An integrative literature review [2019]

• Nutrients
  • Systematic Review of Nutritional Guidelines for the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Global Comparison [2025]
  • Medical Nutrition Therapy for Women with Gestational Diabetes: Current Practice and Future Perspectives [2025]
  • Nutritional and Exercise-Focused Lifestyle Interventions and Glycemic Control in Women with Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials [2023]
  • The Carbohydrate Threshold in Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes: How Low Can We Go? [2021]

• Nutrition Journal
  • The association of dietary fat intake before and during pregnancy with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose intolerance: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis on observational investigations [2025]
  • Maternal dietary components in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of observational studies to timely promotion of health [2023]

• Obesity Reviews
  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Health Outcomes: an Umbrella review of Meta-Analyses [2026]
  • Prediction Models for Maternal and Offspring Short- and Long-Term Outcomes Following Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review [2025]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Risks of specific congenital anomalies in offspring of women with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies including over 80 million births [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of pre-pregnancy care for women with diabetes for improving maternal and perinatal outcomes [2020]

• Public Health
  • Regional differences in type 2 diabetes prevention priorities for women with previous gestational diabetes: A multi-methods consensus study [2026]

• Women's Health Nursing
  • Effect of exercise interventions on glycemic control in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• World Diabetes Foundation
  • The urgent need for universally applicable simple screening procedures and diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus – lessons from projects funded by the World Diabetes Foundation [2012]
  • Health system and societal barriers for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) services - lessons from World Diabetes Foundation supported GDM projects [2012]

• World Journal of Diabetes
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus: An update on the current international diagnostic criteria [2015]
  • Exercise guidelines for gestational diabetes mellitus [2015]

Iran

• International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Iranian Endocrine Society Guidelines for Screening, Diagnosis, and Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [2020]

• Iranian Journal of Public Health
  • Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2015]

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
  • Prevalence of gestational diabetes and its association with stillbirth, preterm birth, macrosomia, abortion and cesarean delivery: a national prevalence study of 11 provinces in Iran [2022]

Ireland

• BMC Health Services Research
  • The impact of revised diagnostic criteria on hospital trends in gestational diabetes mellitus rates in a high income country [2020]

• Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
  • Retrospective national cohort study of pregnancy outcomes for women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Republic of Ireland [2022]

• Diabetic Medicine
  • Exploring the lived experience of women with gestational diabetes: A cross-sectional Irish national survey [2025]

Israel

• Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews
  • Gestational Diabetes-Screening, Prevalence and Postpartum Diabetes: Population-Based Cohort Study [2025]

• International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
  • Maternal diabetes mellitus during pregnancy as a risk factor for strabismus and refractive errors in the offspring-A large-scale national study [2026]

Italy

• Acta Diabetologica
  • The use of technology in diabetes in pregnancy: a position statement of expert opinion from the association of medical diabetologists (AMD), the Italian society of diabetology (SID) and the interassociative diabetes and pregnancy study group [2026]
  • Position paper of the Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), and the Italian Study Group of Diabetes in pregnancy: Metformin use in pregnancy [2023]
  • Knowledge, attitude, and practice of the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations on the nutritional management of diabetes in pregnancy: an online national survey [2022]

Japan

• Endocrine Journal
  • Screening methods for gestational diabetes mellitus in Japan in 2018: a retrospective cohort study using a national surveillance questionnaire [2022]
  • Clinical impact of women with gestational diabetes mellitus by the new consensus criteria: two year experience in a single institution in Japan [2014]

• Journal of Diabetes Investigation
  • Risk of fetal undergrowth in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus in Japan [2023]

Jordan

• Annals of Medicine and Surgery
  • Trends in maternal characteristics, and maternal and neonatal outcomes of women with gestational diabetes: A study from Jordan [2021]

Lebanon

• European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
  • Associations of the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy with impaired glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes: A national prospective cohort study in Lebanon [2026]

Low and middle income countries

• Global Health Action
  • The burden of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review [2014]

• Journal of Diabetes Research
  • Detection and Management of Diabetes during Pregnancy in Low Resource Settings: Insights into Past and Present Clinical Practices [2016]

• Systematic Reviews
  • Self-care interventions among women with gestational diabetes mellitus in low and middle-income countries: a scoping review [2025]

Malaysia

• BMC Public Health
  • Prevalence and factors associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in Malaysia: a population-based study comparing 2016 and 2022 [2024]

• Malaysian Family Physician
  • Management of diabetes in pregnancy in primary care [2019]

• Ministry of Health Malaysia
  • Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy [2017]

• PLoS ONE
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus and its associated factors among women of advanced maternal age in Malaysia: Findings from a national survey [2025]

Mexico

• Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity
  • Screening and management of gestational diabetes in Mexico: results from a survey of multilocation, multi-health care institution practitioners [2018]

Middle East, North Africa

• Frontiers in Endocrinology
  • Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Middle East and North Africa, 2000–2019: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression [2021]

Middle-income countries

• Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
  • Effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on maternal serum uric acid levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

Morocco

• Global Health Action
  • Diagnosis a posteriori? Assessing gestational diabetes screening and management in Morocco [2016]

Netherlands

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Implementation of a first-trimester prognostic model to improve screening for gestational diabetes mellitus [2021]

New Zealand

• BMJ Open
  • Cost-effectiveness of the New Zealand diabetes in pregnancy guideline screening recommendations [2015]

• Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Risk Factors in a Multi-Ethnic National Case-Control Study [2024]

• Nutrients
  • Adherence to Dietary Guidelines among Women with and without Gestational Diabetes: Evidence from the Growing up in New Zealand Study [2022]
  • Adherence to Clinical Practice Guideline Recommendations in Women with Gestational Diabetes and Associations with Maternal and Infant Health-A Cohort Study [2022]
  • Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Adherence to Dietary Guidelines in Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Cohort Study [2021]

Nigeria

• Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus in Nigeria [2021]

Norway

• Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
  • Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes: A nationwide, population-based study, 1999-2021 [2026]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Identifying women with gestational diabetes based on maternal characteristics: an analysis of four Norwegian prospective studies [2021]

• BMJ Open
  • Seasonal variation in gestational diabetes mellitus among women in Norway: a national population-based study [2023]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes in Norway [2021]

Palau

• Maternal and Child Health Journal
  • Assessment of Gestational Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors and Outcomes in the Pacific Island Nation of Palau [2017]

Poland

• Acta Diabetologica
  • Insulin pump therapy with and without continuous glucose monitoring in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: a prospective observational Orchestra Foundation study in Poland [2023]

• Ginekologia Polska
  • It's high time to change our management of gestational diabetes [2023]
  • Hyperglycemia in pregnancy - prevalence and perinatal outcomes. A retrospective multicenter cohort study in Poland [2022]
  • Standards of Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians in management of women with diabetes [2018]

• Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism
  • Infant of a diabetic mother: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment [2024]

• Polish Archives of Internal Medicine
  • Ten-year national trends in the prevalence and outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus in Poland: a population-based study [2026]

Qatar

• PLoS ONE
  • Prevalence of newly detected diabetes in pregnancy in Qatar, using universal screening [2018]

Republic of Korea

• BMC Medicine
  • Long-term risk of offspring type 1 and type 2 diabetes following maternal gestational diabetes mellitus: a nationwide birth cohort study with 10-year follow-up [2026]

• Diabetes & Metabolism Journal
  • Diabetes in Pregnancy in Korea: Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Postpartum Comorbidities [2026]
  • New Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy Outcomes in Korea [2019]
  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Women: Similarities and Differences from Other Racial/Ethnic Groups [2014]

• Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Predicting the Risk of Insulin-Requiring Gestational Diabetes before Pregnancy: A Model Generated from a Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea [2023]
  • Risk and Risk Factors for Postpartum Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Korean Nationwide Cohort Study [2022]
  • The Clinical Characteristics of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Korea: A National Health Information Database Study [2021]

• Medicine
  • Analysis of risk factors for the recurrence of gestational diabetes in subsequent pregnancy: A nationwide population-based study in South Korea [2025]

• PLoS ONE
  • Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Korea: A National Health Insurance Database Study [2016]

• Scientific Reports
  • Trends and associated maternal characteristics of antidiabetic medication use among pregnant women in South Korea [2021]

Saudi Arabia

• Council of Health Insurance
  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [2023]

Singapore

• Agency for Care Effectiveness
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus [2022]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Impact of adopting the 2013 World Health Organization criteria for diagnosis of gestational diabetes in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort: a prospective study [2018]
  • Ethnic differences translate to inadequacy of high-risk screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in an Asian population: a cohort study [2014]

Slovenia

• Journal of Perinatal Medicine
  • Ten years of experience with screening for diabetes in pregnancy according to IADPSG criteria in Slovenia [2025]

South Africa

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Policies and clinical practices relating to the management of gestational diabetes mellitus in the public health sector, South Africa – a qualitative study [2018]

South and South-East Asia

• PLoS ONE
  • Prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in south and southeast Asian women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

South Asia

• Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse pregnancy outcome in South Asia: A systematic review [2021]

South-East Asia

• European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
  • ILSI Southeast Asia symposium: prevalence, risk factors, and actions to address gestational diabetes in selected Southeast Asian countries [2021]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Southeast Asia: A Scoping Review [2021]

Spain

• Journal of Clinical Medicine
  • A Population-Based Study of Diabetes during Pregnancy in Spain (2009–2015): Trends in Incidence, Obstetric Interventions, and Pregnancy Outcomes [2020]

Sri Lanka

• Frontiers in Endocrinology
  • Comparing Different Diagnostic Guidelines for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Relation to Birthweight in Sri Lankan Women [2018]

• Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
  • Hyperglycaemia in Pregnancy [2017]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Burden, risk factors and maternal and offspring outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): a systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]

Sweden

• Acta Paediatrica
  • Neonatal Outcomes Among Neonates of Women With and Without Type 1 Diabetes in Sweden From 2010 to 2022 [2025]

• BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  • Glycaemic Control in Women With Type 1 Diabetes and Preeclampsia Risk: A Nationwide Cohort Study [2026]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Changing diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes in Sweden - a stepped wedge national cluster randomised controlled trial - the CDC4G study protocol [2019]
  • No consensus on gestational diabetes mellitus screening regimes in Sweden: pregnancy outcomes in relation to different screening regimes 2011 to 2012, a cross-sectional study [2014]

• BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
  • Trends in diabetes in pregnancy in Sweden 1998–2012 [2016]

• CNS Drugs
  • Antipsychotic Use During Pregnancy and Risk for Gestational Diabetes: A National Register-Based Cohort Study in Sweden [2022]

• Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
  • National trends in offspring birth size in pregnancies with maternal type 1 diabetes in Sweden [2025]

• Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Diabetes risk during pregnancy among second-generation immigrants: A national cohort study in Sweden [2023]

• PLoS ONE
  • Does gestational diabetes increase the risk of maternal kidney disease? A Swedish national cohort study [2022]

• Primary Care Diabetes
  • Swedish guidelines for type 1 diabetes and pregnancy outcomes: A nationwide descriptive study of consensus and adherence [2021]

• Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
  • Maternal outcomes among women with type 1 diabetes in Sweden. A population-based cohort study [2026]

Switzerland

• Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
  • Effect of the IADPSG screening strategy for gestational diabetes on perinatal outcomes in Switzerland [2021]

• Journal of Diabetes Research
  • Antidiabetic Medication Utilisation before and during Pregnancy in Switzerland between 2012 and 2019: An Administrative Claim Database from the MAMA Cohort [2023]

Taiwan

• Frontiers in Endocrinology
  • Trends in epidemiology of hyperglycemia in pregnancy in Taiwan, 2008-2017 [2023]

• Journal of Diabetes Investigation
  • Increasing trend in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Taiwan [2021]

• Nutrients
  • Plasma 25(OH)D Concentrations and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Pregnant Women in Taiwan [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • The Effects of Implementing the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Criteria for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes [2015]

Tajikistan

• Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes
  • Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy Outcomes: Results from a Multicentric Study in Tajikistan [2022]

Trinidad and Tobago

• Ministry of Health Trinidad and Tobago
  • Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy: Clinical Guideline [2018]

United Arab Emirates

• Frontiers in Endocrinology
  • Incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in the United Arab Emirates; comparison of six diagnostic criteria: The Mutaba'ah Study [2022]

• Women's Health
  • Use of dietetic services among pregnant women with gestational diabetes in the UAE: Prevalence, correlates, and patient experiences [2026]

United Kingdom

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • The glucose management of gestational diabetes in the UK: a national survey [2025]
  • Implementation of guidelines for multidisciplinary team management of pregnancy in women with pre-existing diabetes or cardiac conditions: results from a UK national survey [2017]

• BMJ Open
  • Outcomes for women with diabetes admitted for labour care to midwifery units in the UK: a national prospective cohort study and survey of practice using the UK Midwifery Study System (UKMidSS) [2024]
  • A cohort study of trends in the prevalence of pregestational diabetes in pregnancy recorded in UK general practice between 1995 and 2012 [2016]

• British Journal of General Practice
  • Diabetes screening after gestational diabetes in England: a quantitative retrospective cohort study [2013]

• Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
  • Rollout of Closed-Loop Technology to Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes: Healthcare Professionals' Views About Potential Challenges and Solutions [2023]

• Diabetic Medicine
  • A call to action: A consensus statement on knowledge gaps and research priorities on the management of women with early onset type 2 diabetes in the preconception, pregnancy and postnatal periods: A report from the Diabetic Medicine Symposium at the Diabetes UK Annual Professional Conference, 2025 [2026]
  • A study of diabetic ketoacidosis in the pregnant population in the United Kingdom: Investigating the incidence, aetiology, management and outcomes [2022]

• Frontiers in Endocrinology
  • Trends in Factors Affecting Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes of Childbearing Age (2004–2017) [2021]

• Health Technology Assessment
  • Effects of physical activity and diet in pregnancy to prevent gestational diabetes: an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis on the differential effects of interventions with economic evaluation [2026]

• JMIR mHealth and uHealth
  • Quality and Multifunctionality in Mobile Apps for Gestational Diabetes: Systematic App Review [2026]

• Journal of Clinical Medicine
  • Clinical Implications of the NICE 2015 Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [2018]

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Diabetes in pregnancy [2023]
  • Diabetes in pregnancy: management of diabetes and its complications from preconception to the postnatal period [2020]
  • Continuous glucose monitoring: Diabetes in pregnancy: management from preconception to the postnatal period [2020]

• NHS Digital
  • National Pregnancy in Diabetes Audit Report 2018 [2019]

• NHS England
  • Diabetes in Pregnancy [2025]

• Right Decisions
  • Diabetes, Guidelines for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus during Pregnancy and Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes

• Sensors
  • Machine Learning-Based Risk Stratification for Gestational Diabetes Management [2022]

• SIGN
  • Management of diabetes in pregnancy

• UK National Screening Committee
  • Gestational diabetes

• WISDOM
  • Guideline for Pre-Existing Diabetes in Pregnancy [2024]
  • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Guideline [2024]
  • Strategy for Screening and Management of Gestational Diabetes [2023]

United States

• Advances in Nutrition
  • Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviors Associated With Weight Gain and Impaired Glucose Tolerance Among Pregnant Latinas [2012]

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
  • Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review to Update the 2014 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation [2021]

• American Diabetes Association
  • 15. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026 [2026]
  • 15. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025 [2025]
  • 15. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024 [2024]
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of participant characteristics in the prevention of gestational diabetes: a summary of evidence for precision medicine [2023]
  • 15. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023 [2023]
  • Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022 Abridged for Primary Care Providers [2022]
  • Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023 Abridged for Primary Care Providers [2022]
  • 15. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022 [2022]
  • Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021 Abridged for Primary Care Providers [2021]
  • 14. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021 [2021]
  • Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020 Abridged for Primary Care Providers [2020]
  • 14. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020 [2020]

• Anesthesiology
  • Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy: Implications for Obstetric Anesthesia [2025]

• Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
  • Optimizing Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Perinatal Patients With Diabetes: AWHONN Practice Brief Number 21 [2024]

• BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  • Changing patterns in medication prescription for gestational diabetes during a time of guideline change in the USA: a cross-sectional study [2022]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Diabetes risk status and physical activity in pregnancy: U.S. BRFSS 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017 [2020]
  • Use of Antidiabetic drugs during pregnancy among U.S. women with Livebirth deliveries in the Mini-Sentinel system [2019]
  • Patterns of gestational diabetes diagnosis inside and outside of clinical guidelines [2017]

• BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
  • Disparities in cardiometabolic risk profiles and gestational diabetes mellitus by nativity and acculturation: findings from 2016-2017 National Health Interview Survey [2022]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Trends and Characteristics in Prepregnancy Diabetes: United States, 2016-2021 [2023]
  • Risk of birth defects by pregestational type 1 or type 2 diabetes: National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011 [2023]
  • Trends and Characteristics in Gestational Diabetes: United States, 2016-2020 [2022]
  • Specific birth defects in pregnancies of women with diabetes: National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011 [2020]
  • Prevalence and Changes in Preexisting Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Among Women Who Had a Live Birth — United States, 2012–2016 [2018]
  • Gestational Diabetes and Health Behaviors Among Women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2014 [2018]

• Current Diabetes Reports
  • Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy [2016]

• Diabetes Care
  • Correlates and Trends in Glucose Testing at Postpartum Checkups Among Women Diagnosed With Gestational Diabetes: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2016-2022 [2026]

• Endocrine Society
  • Diabetes and Pregnancy: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline [2013]

• Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
  • The use of glucose-lowering medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus during pregnancy in the United States [2021]

• Endotext
  • Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus
  • Gestational Diabetes

• Frontiers in Endocrinology
  • Prevalence and Trends in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Women in the United States, 2006-2017: A Population-Based Study [2022]

• Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
  • Provider Perspective on Automated Insulin Devices in Pregnancy and Considerations for Implementation in Clinical Practice [2026]
  • Navigating Automated Insulin Delivery for Type 1 Diabetes Management During Pregnancy [2026]

• Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
  • The effect of adopting the IADPSG screening guidelines on the risk profile and outcomes of the gestational diabetes population [2015]

• Journal of the American Heart Association
  • Trends, Predictors, and Outcomes of Cardiovascular Complications at Delivery Associated With Gestational Diabetes: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis (2004-2019) [2022]

• Journal of Women's Health
  • Practical Considerations for Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [2025]

• Maternal & Child Nutrition
  • Gestational Diabetes Prevalence Estimates from Three Data Sources, 2018 [2024]

• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • Outcomes of Moderately Preterm Infants of Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Mothers [2024]
  • Maternal Diabetes and Intrapartum Fetal Electrocardiogram [2024]
  • What we have learned about treating mild gestational diabetes mellitus [2016]
  • Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants Born to Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Mothers [2016]
  • Delivery timing and cesarean delivery risk in women with mild gestational diabetes mellitus [2014]

• Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Integrated Strategies to Support Diabetes Technology in Pregnancy [2024]
  • Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Diabetes Management During Pregnancy: Evidence, Practical Tips, and Common Pitfalls [2024]

• Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Special Statement: Revised updated checklist for antepartum care of pregestational diabetes mellitus [2026]
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Special Statement: Quality metric on the rate of postpartum diabetes screening after pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus [2023]
  • SMFM Special Statement: Updated checklist for antepartum care of pregestational diabetes mellitus [2020]
  • SMFM Statement: Pharmacological treatment of gestational diabetes [2018]

• StatPearls
  • Gestational Diabetes

• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
  • Gestational Diabetes: Screening [2021]

Vietnam

• Diabetes Care
  • Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Vietnam [2013]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • WHO recommendations on care for women with diabetes during pregnancy: web annex A: evidence-to-decision frameworks on non-pharmacological care [2025]
  • WHO recommendations on care for women with diabetes during pregnancy [2025]
  • Classification of diabetes mellitus [2019]
  • Global report on diabetes [2016]
  • Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy [2013]
  • Diabetes

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Obstetrics, perinatology