Pregnancy

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Multiple pregnancy

Australia

• NSW Health
  • Maternity - Management of Monochorionic Twin Pregnancy

• SA Health
  • Multiple Pregnancy

Australia, New Zealand

• Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Management of Monochorionic Twin Pregnancy [2021]

Botswana

• BMJ Open
  • Prevalence and outcomes of twin pregnancies in Botswana: a national birth outcomes surveillance study [2021]

Brazil

• PLoS ONE
  • Twin pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: Data from ‘Birth in Brazil Study’ [2021]

Canada

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Examining the provisional guidelines for weight gain in twin pregnancies: a retrospective cohort study [2017]

• Canadian Neonatal Network
  • Neonatal outcomes of twins <29 weeks gestation of mothers with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy [2022]

• Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
  • Management of Monochorionic Twin Pregnancies [2023]
  • Management of Dichorionic Twin Pregnancies [2022]
  • Ultrasound in Twin Pregnancies [2017]
  • Prenatal Screening for and Diagnosis of Aneuploidy in Twin Pregnancies [2017]

China

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Temporal trends and adverse perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies at differing gestational ages: an observational study from China between 2012-2020 [2022]

• BMC Public Health
  • Associations between gestational weight gain and adverse neonatal outcomes: a comparison between the US and the Chinese guidelines in Chinese women with twin pregnancies [2023]

Denmark

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Triple trouble: uncovering the risks and benefits of early fetal reduction in trichorionic triplets in a large national Danish cohort study [2023]
  • Risks and pregnancy outcome after fetal reduction in dichorionic twin pregnancies: a Danish national retrospective cohort study [2023]

Eastern and Southern Africa

• PLoS Medicine
  • National policies and care provision in pregnancy and childbirth for twins in Eastern and Southern Africa: A mixed-methods multi-country study [2019]

Europe

• Euro-Peristat
  • Variations in Multiple Birth Rates and Impact on Perinatal Outcomes in Europe [2016]

• Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Risk of fetal loss after chorionic villus sampling in twin pregnancy derived from propensity score matching analysis [2022]

Finland

• Acta Diabetologica
  • Higher odds of gestational diabetes among women with multiple pregnancies: a nationwide register-based cohort study in Finland [2023]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Maternal complications in twin pregnancies in Finland during 1987–2014: a retrospective study [2019]

France

• Maternal & Child Nutrition
  • Gestational weight gain adequacy among twin pregnancies in France [2023]

High-income countries

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Clinical practice guidelines for the antenatal management of dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies: a systematic review [2023]

India

• Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India
  • Multifetal Pregnancy Management [2024]

• Society of Fetal Medicine
  • SFM Fetal Therapy Practice Guidelines: Fetal Reduction [2023]

International

• European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
  • Comparison of international guidelines on the management of twin pregnancy [2023]
  • Outcomes in intervention and management of multiple pregnancies trials: A systematic review [2021]

• European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
  • Impact of maternal age on perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • ISUOG Practice Guidelines: role of ultrasound in twin pregnancy [2016]

• Journal of Clinical Medicine
  • Review of International Clinical Guidelines Related to Prenatal Screening during Monochorionic Pregnancies [2021]

• Nutrients
  • Micronutrients in Multiple Pregnancies—The Knowns and Unknowns: A Systematic Review [2021]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Cervical cerclage for prevention of preterm birth and adverse perinatal outcome in twin pregnancies with short cervical length or cervical dilatation: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

• Seminars in Perinatology
  • Cord management strategies in multifetal gestational births [2023]

• Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Controversies in the management of twin pregnancy [2021]
  • Risk of fetal loss following amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling in twin pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

Japan

• Journal of Human Genetics
  • Prevalence of common aneuploidy in twin pregnancies [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Time trend analysis of perinatal mortality, stillbirth, and early neonatal mortality of multiple pregnancies for each gestational week from the year 2000 to 2019: A population-based study in Japan [2022]

• Scientific Reports
  • Application of Japanese guidelines for gestational weight gain to multiple pregnancy outcomes and its optimal range in 101,336 Japanese women [2019]

Low and middle income countries

• World Health Organization
  • Mode and timing of twin delivery and perinatal outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a secondary analysis of the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health [2014]

Netherlands

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Working conditions in women with multiple pregnancy-the impact on preterm birth and adherence to guidelines: a prospective cohort study [2023]

New Zealand

• Health New Zealand
  • Twin Pregnancy

Republic of Korea

• Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Short-term neonatal and long-term infant outcome of late-preterm twins: nationwide population-based study [2022]

Sri Lanka

• Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
  • Gestational age assessment and determination of chorionicity in multiple pregnancy [2013]

Sweden

• Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences
  • Maternal, pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in triplet pregnancies in Sweden - a nationwide cohort study [2023]

Taiwan

• Pediatrics and Neonatology
  • Nationwide Twin Birth Weight Percentiles by Gestational Age in Taiwan [2015]

United Kingdom

• Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
  • Updated guidance for the management of twin and triplet pregnancies from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance, UK: What's new that may improve perinatal outcomes? [2020]

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Noninvasive prenatal screening in twin pregnancies with cell-free DNA using the IONA test: a prospective multicenter study [2021]

• Health Technology Assessment
  • The Arabin pessary to prevent preterm birth in women with a twin pregnancy and a short cervix: the STOPPIT 2 RCT [2021]

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Twin and triplet pregnancy [2024]
  • Multiple pregnancy: twin and triplet pregnancies [2019]

• Reproductive Sciences
  • Trends of Selective Fetal Reduction and Selective Termination in Multiple Pregnancy, in England and Wales: a Cross-Sectional Study [2022]

• Right Decisions
  • Guidelines for the Intrapartum Management of Twin Pregnancies

• Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Monochorionic Twin Pregnancy, Management – 2024 Partial Update [2025]

• WISDOM
  • Management of Multiple Pregnancy [2023]

United States

• American College of Radiology
  • Multiple Gestations

• American Society for Reproductive Medicine
  • Multiple gestation associated with infertility therapy: a committee opinion [2022]
  • Multiple Births or Multiple Gestation

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Changes in Twin Births in the United States,2019-2021 [2022]
  • Multiple Births

• International Journal of Obesity
  • Pregnancy weight gain in twin gestations and maternal and child health outcomes at 5 years [2021]

• Journal of Perinatology
  • Weight gain in twin gestations: Are the Institute of Medicine guidelines optimal for neonatal outcomes? [2015]

• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • Accuracy of sonographic chorionicity classification in twin gestations [2014]

• Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • SMFM Special Statement: Updated checklists for management of monochorionic twin pregnancy [2020]
  • SMFM Special Statement: State of the science on multifetal gestations: unique considerations and importance [2019]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Obstetrics, perinatology