Pregnancy

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Musculoskeletal and rheumatic diseases in pregnancy

Australia

• Australian Journal of General Practice
  • Pelvic girdle pain in pregnancy [2018]

• Australian Rheumatology Association
  • Pregnancy Prescribing Info

Denmark

• Bone
  • Pregnancy complications and birth outcome in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta - A population-based register study [2024]

Europe

• European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology
  • EULAR recommendations for use of antirheumatic drugs in reproduction, pregnancy, and lactation: 2024 update [2025]
  • Antirheumatic drugs in reproduction, pregnancy, and lactation: a systematic literature review informing the 2024 update of the EULAR recommendations [2025]
  • EULAR recommendations for a core data set for pregnancy registries in rheumatology [2021]
  • The EULAR points to consider for use of antirheumatic drugs before pregnancy, and during pregnancy and lactation [2016]

Europe, United States

• Diagnostics
  • Risk Assessment and Optimization for Pregnancy in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases [2024]

Finland

• Spine Journal
  • Incidence of lumbar discectomy during pregnancy and within 12 months post-partum in Finland between 1999 and 2017: a retrospective register-based cohort study [2023]

Germany

• Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
  • Management of Rheumatic Diseases During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Position Paper of the Working Group for Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine in the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics e. V. (AGG - Section Maternal Diseases in Pregnancy) [2024]

• RMD Open
  • Maternal and infant outcomes in pregnancies of women with axial spondyloarthritis compared with matched controls: results from nationwide health insurance data [2022]

High-income countries

• PLoS ONE
  • Use of healthcare administrative claims data in observational studies of antirheumatic drug effects on pregnancy outcomes: A scoping review [2025]

• Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
  • Pregnancy in women with psoriatic arthritis: A systematic literature review of disease activity and adverse pregnancy outcomes [2021]

Hong Kong

• Clinical Rheumatology
  • Management of rheumatoid arthritis: 2019 updated consensus recommendations from the Hong Kong Society of Rheumatology [2019]

International

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Physical job demands in pregnancy and associated musculoskeletal health and employment outcomes: a systematic review [2025]

• Arthritis Care & Research
  • Recommendations for the Use of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Pregnancy and Reproductive Health for Patients With Rheumatic Disease: A Scoping Review [2025]

• Autoimmunity Reviews
  • The impact of pregnancy on future health in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A systematic review of the literature [2025]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Association between disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis and maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

• Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics
  • Prevalence of pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis in the postpartum period: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
  • The impact of pregnancy on women with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a scoping review [2023]

• Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
  • Pregnancy in axial spondyloarthropathy: A systematic review & meta-analysis [2020]

Ireland

• Ireland's Health Services
  • National Clinical Practice Guideline: Management of rheumatic diseases in the preconception, antenatal and postnatal periods [2023]

• Irish Medical Journal
  • Delivering Care for Pregnant Women with Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases [2024]

• Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
  • What to expect when women with axial spondyloarthritis are expecting: Prevalence of complications of pregnancies in women with axial spondyloarthritis [2022]

Italy

• Reumatismo
  • The Italian Society for Rheumatology guidelines on reproductive health in patients with rheumatic diseases [2025]
  • Treatment of spondyloarthritis with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs during pregnancy and breastfeeding: comparing the recommendations and guidelines of the principal societies of rheumatology [2024]

• RMD Open
  • Management of pregnancy in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: maternal disease course, gestational and neonatal outcomes and use of medications in the prospectiveItalian P-RHEUM.it study [2024]
  • Impact of rheumatoid arthritis and methotrexate on pregnancy outcomes: retrospective cohort study of the Italian Society for Rheumatology [2022]

Mexico

• Reumatología Clínica
  • Update of the guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by the Mexican College of Rheumatology 2023 [2024]
  • Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pregnancy in women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases of the Mexican College of Rheumatology. Part II [2015]
  • Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pregnancy in women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases of the Mexican College of Rheumatology. Part I [2015]

Middle East

• Clinical Rheumatology
  • Enhancing the care of women with rheumatic diseases during pregnancy: challenges and unmet needs in the Middle East [2015]

Portugal

• ARP Rheumatology
  • Portuguese recommendations for the use of biological and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis - 2020 update [2022]

Republic of Korea

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
  • Risk of Pregnancy Complications and Low Birth Weight Offsprings in Korean Women With Rheumatic Diseases: A Nationwide Population-Based Study [2022]

Spain

• Reumatología Clínica
  • Development of a care protocol in pregnancy and chronic inflammatory arthritis, in a multidisciplinary work group [2024]

Taiwan

• BMJ Open
  • Fetal-neonatal and maternal pregnancy outcomes in women with rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study [2022]

• Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Pregnancy outcomes and perinatal complications of Asian mothers with juvenile idiopathic arthritis – a case-control registry study [2020]

United Kingdom

• British Society for Rheumatology
  • British Society for Rheumatology guideline on prescribing drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding: immunomodulatory anti-rheumatic drugs and corticosteroids [2023]
  • British Society for Rheumatology guideline on prescribing drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding: comorbidity medications used in rheumatology practice [2023]
  • Prescribing anti-rheumatic drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding-the British Society for Rheumatology guideline scope [2021]
  • BSR and BHPR guideline on prescribing drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding—Part II: analgesics and other drugs used in rheumatology practice [2016]
  • BSR and BHPR guideline on prescribing drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding—Part I: standard and biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and corticosteroids [2016]

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Management of pelvic girdle pain in pregnancy [2021]

• NHS England
  • Management of Rheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders in pregnancy guideline [2021]

United States

• American College of Rheumatology
  • 2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Reproductive Health in Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases [2020]
  • Reproductive Health in Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Diseases Guideline

• BMJ Open
  • Comanagement with rheumatology and prescription biologics filled during pregnancy in women with rheumatic diseases: a retrospective analysis of US administrative claims data [2022]

• Seminars in Reproductive Medicine
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis and Pregnancy: Managing Disease Activity and Fertility Concerns [2024]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Obstetrics, perinatology
  • Autoimmune diseases in pregnancy