Pregnancy

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Antenatal care

Afghanistan

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Quality of antenatal care services in Afghanistan: findings from the national survey 2022-2023 [2025]
  • Associations of antenatal care visit with utilization of institutional delivery care services in Afghanistan: intersections of education, wealth, and household decision-making autonomy [2022]
  • Afghan women's empowerment and antenatal care utilization: a population-based cross-sectional study [2022]

Africa

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • First trimester antenatal care contact in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and contributing factors [2023]

• WHO African Region
  • Antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience—health worker training: facilitator’s manual [2024]

Australia

• Australian Family Physician
  • Antenatal care in Australian general practice [2016]
  • Antenatal care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women [2014]

• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
  • Antenatal care in the first trimester
  • Antenatal care

• Department of Health and Aged Care
  • Australian Pregnancy Care Guidelines [2024]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Pregnancy Apps for Self-Monitoring: Scoping Review of the Most Popular Global Apps Available in Australia [2023]

• Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
  • First antenatal visit
  • During pregnancy

• SA Health
  • Antenatal Care

Australia, New Zealand

• Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Routine antenatal assessment in the absence of pregnancy complications [2022]

Bangladesh

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Does dropout from school matter in taking antenatal care visits among women in Bangladesh? An application of marginalized poisson-poisson mixture model [2022]

• International Journal of Public Health
  • Maternal Pregnancy Intention and Antenatal Care Seeking Behaviors in Bangladesh: Evidence From Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2018 [2023]

• PLoS ONE
  • Quality of antenatal care and its potential impacts on delivery services and postnatal care compliance among reproductive women in Bangladesh: A situation analysis from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017 [2025]
  • Association of quality antenatal care and completion of eight or more antenatal care visits with skilled delivery care utilization among pregnant women in Bangladesh: A nationwide population-based study [2025]
  • Levels and determinants of quality antenatal care in Bangladesh: Evidence from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey [2023]
  • Determinants of frequency and contents of antenatal care visits in Bangladesh: Assessing the extent of compliance with the WHO recommendations [2019]
  • Maternal Pregnancy Intention and Professional Antenatal Care Utilization in Bangladesh: A Nationwide Population-Based Survey [2016]

Barbados

• Ministry of Health and Wellness Barbados
  • Guidelines for Antenatal Care [2017]

Belgium, Netherlands

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Antenatal care use in urban areas in two European countries: Predisposing, enabling and pregnancy-related determinants in Belgium and the Netherlands [2016]

Benin

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Trends and inequalities in antenatal care coverage in Benin (2006-2017): an application of World Health Organization's Health Equity Assessment Toolkit [2024]

• Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association
  • Women’s enlightenment and early antenatal care initiation are determining factors for the use of eight or more antenatal visits in Benin: further analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey [2020]

Brazil

• Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
  • Prenatal care of Brazilian women: racial inequalities and their implications for care [2022]
  • Assessment of the completeness of filling the pregnant woman's card from the Ministry of Health: a national, cross-sectional study [2022]

• Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
  • Low-Risk Antenatal Care Enhanced by Telemedicine: A Practical Guideline Model [2022]

• Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem
  • Infant mortality and prenatal care: contributions of the clinic in the light of Canguilhem and Foucault [2012]

Burkina Faso

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Factors associated with adequate antenatal care use among women of childbearing age in Burkina Faso: finding from the 2010 and 2021 demographic and health surveys [2025]

Burundi

• PLoS ONE
  • Spatial distribution and predictive factors of antenatal care in Burundi: A spatial and multilevel baseline analysis for the third burundian demographic and health survey [2023]

Canada

• Perinatal Services BC
  • Prenatal Primary Care

• Public Health Agency of Canada
  • Care during pregnancy

China

• BMC Public Health
  • Analysis of the relationship between the quality of antenatal care examinations and the incidence of preterm birth and low birth weight [2024]
  • Current status of antenatal care of pregnant women—8 provinces in China, 2018 [2021]

• Journal of Medical Internet Research
  • Present Situation and the Future Development of Web-Based Prenatal Education in China: Cross-sectional Web-Based Survey [2022]

Colombia

• Cadernos de Saúde Pública
  • Individual and local level factors and antenatal care use in Colombia: a multilevel analysis [2014]

Denmark

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Implementation, Mechanisms and Context of the MAMAACT Intervention to Reduce Ethnic and Social Disparity in Stillbirth and Infant Health [2021]
  • Universal or Targeted Antenatal Care for Immigrant Women? Mapping and Qualitative Analysis of Practices in Denmark [2019]

Developed countries

• International Journal of Medical Informatics
  • Virtual prenatal care: A systematic review of pregnant women's and healthcare professionals' experiences, needs, and preferences for quality care [2023]

East Africa

• PLOS Global Public Health
  • Trends and determinants of late antenatal care initiation in three East African countries, 2007-2016: A population based cross-sectional analysis [2022]

• Scientific Reports
  • The effects of ANC follow up on essential newborn care practices in east Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]

Egypt

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Temporal and regional variations in use, equity and quality of antenatal care in Egypt: a repeat cross-sectional analysis using Demographic and Health Surveys [2019]

Ethiopia

• Archives of Public Health
  • Trends and determinants of an acceptable antenatal care coverage in Ethiopia, evidence from 2005-2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey; Multivariate decomposition analysis [2020]
  • Impact of antenatal care on neonatal mortality among neonates in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

• BMC Health Services Research
  • The effect of antenatal care on use of institutional delivery service and postnatal care in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2018]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Provision of recommended antenatal care services in Ethiopia: missed opportunity for screening and counselling [2025]
  • Level of and trends in women's empowerment inequalities in antenatal care services in Ethiopia: further analysis of the Ethiopia demographic and health surveys, 2000-16 [2025]
  • Inadequacy of antenatal care attendance and its determinants amongst pregnant women in Ethiopia based on the 2019 Mini-Ethiopian demographic health survey: secondary data analysis [2024]
  • Time to first antenatal care booking and its determinants among pregnant women in Ethiopia: survival analysis of recent evidence from EDHS 2019 [2022]
  • Determinants of recommended antenatal care visits among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a generalized linear mixed-effects modeling [2022]
  • The impact of antenatal care on under-five mortality in Ethiopia: a difference-in-differences analysis [2021]
  • Prevalence and factors associated with antenatal care utilization in Ethiopia: an evidence from demographic health survey 2016 [2020]
  • Male partner attendance at antenatal care and adherence to antenatal care guidelines: secondary analysis of 2011 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data [2018]
  • Quality of antenatal care services and completion of four or more antenatal care visits in Ethiopia: a finding based on a demographic and health survey [2017]
  • Disparities in the use of antenatal care service in Ethiopia over a period of fifteen years [2013]

• BMC Public Health
  • Antenatal care strengthening for improved quality of care in Jimma, Ethiopia: an effectiveness study [2015]

• BMJ Open
  • Male involvement in antenatal care follow-up and its determinants in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Spatial distribution of delayed initiation of antenatal care visits and associated factors among reproductive age women in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis of 2019 mini-demographic and health survey [2023]
  • Multilevel analysis of quality of antenatal care and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study [2022]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Factors associated with inadequate prenatal care service utilization in Ethiopia according to the WHO recommended standard guidelines [2022]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Completion of the Continuum of Maternity Care in the Emerging Regions of Ethiopia: Analysis of the 2019 Demographic and Health Survey [2023]
  • Multilevel Modelling of the Individual and Regional Level Variability in Predictors of Incomplete Antenatal Care Visit among Women of Reproductive Age in Ethiopia: Classical and Bayesian Approaches [2022]
  • Trends and Determinants of Antenatal Care Service Use in Ethiopia between 2000 and 2016 [2019]

• Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
  • Understanding the association of mass media with the timing of antenatal care in Ethiopia: an impression from the 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey [2023]

• Ministry of Health Ethiopia
  • National Antenatal Care Guideline [2022]

• Obstetrics and Gynecology International
  • Determinants of Antenatal Care Service Satisfaction among Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Trends and socioeconomic inequalities of recommended antenatal care services utilization in Ethiopia: A decomposition analysis using Ethiopian nationwide Demographic Health Surveys 2011-2019 [2025]
  • Individual and community level determinants of delayed antenatal care initiation in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis of the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic Health Survey [2024]
  • Antenatal care component utilization and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: Multilevel analysis of Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health survey 2019 [2024]
  • Magnitude of optimal access to ANC and its predictors in Ethiopia: Multilevel mixed effect analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional survey [2023]
  • Determinants of early initiation of first antenatal care visit in Ethiopia based on the 2019 Ethiopia mini-demographic and health survey: A multilevel analysis [2023]
  • Assessing the association between an early and recommended number of focused antenatal care visits and the number of prenatal care content received before delivery in Ethiopia [2023]
  • The effect of antenatal care on perinatal outcomes in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
  • Survival time to first antenatal care visit and its predictors among women in Ethiopia [2021]
  • Determinants of change in timely first antenatal booking among pregnant women in Ethiopia: A decomposition analysis [2021]
  • Prevalence and associated factors of delayed first antenatal care booking among reproductive age women in Ethiopia; a multilevel analysis of EDHS 2016 data [2020]
  • Factors affecting utilization of antenatal care in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]
  • Timing and adequate attendance of antenatal care visits among women in Ethiopia [2017]

• Reproductive Health
  • Trend change in delayed first antenatal care visit among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia: multivariate decomposition analysis [2022]
  • The effect of national antenatal care guidelines and provider training on obstetric danger sign counselling: a propensity score matching analysis of the 2014 Ethiopia service provision assessment plus survey [2022]
  • Timing of first antenatal care visits and number of items of antenatal care contents received and associated factors in Ethiopia: multilevel mixed effects analysis [2021]

• Systematic Reviews
  • Association between pregnancy intention and late initiation of antenatal care among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

Europe

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Ethnic minority women's experiences of accessing antenatal care in high income European countries: a systematic review [2023]

• European Standards of Care for Newborn Health
  • Collaboration with parents in ante- and perinatal care

FCAS

• Conflict and Health
  • Factors impacting antenatal care utilization: a systematic review of 37 fragile and conflict-affected situations [2022]

Gambia

• BMC Public Health
  • The magnitude and determinants of delayed initiation of antenatal care among pregnant women in Gambia; evidence from Gambia demographic and health survey data [2023]

Georgia

• PLoS ONE
  • The impact of antenatal care utilization on admissions to neonatal intensive care units and perinatal mortality in Georgia [2020]

Ghana

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Non-adherence to WHO's recommended 8-contact model: geospatial analysis of the 2017 Maternal Health Survey [2023]
  • Trends in antenatal care visits and associated factors in Ghana from 2006 to 2018 [2022]
  • Inequalities in antenatal care in Ghana, 1998-2014 [2022]
  • Determinants of stillbirths in Ghana: does quality of antenatal care matter? [2016]

• BMJ Open
  • Correlates of late initiation and underutilisation of the recommended eight or more antenatal care visits among women of reproductive age: insights from the 2019 Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey [2022]

• International Journal of Women's Health
  • Prevalence and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Eight or More Antenatal Care Contacts in Ghana: Findings from 2019 Population-Based Data [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Client Factors Affect Provider Adherence to Clinical Guidelines during First Antenatal Care [2016]

High-income countries

• Health & Social Care in the Community
  • Facilitators and barriers to seeking and engaging with antenatal care in high-income countries: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research [2022]

• JMIR mHealth and uHealth
  • Mobile Phone–Based Behavioral Interventions in Pregnancy to Promote Maternal and Fetal Health in High-Income Countries: Systematic Review [2020]
  • The Usability and Effectiveness of Mobile Health Technology–Based Lifestyle and Medical Intervention Apps Supporting Health Care During Pregnancy: Systematic Review [2018]

• Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
  • Antenatal care policy in high-income countries with a universal health system: A scoping review [2022]

India

• BMC Public Health
  • Factors associated with inadequate receipt of components and non-use of antenatal care services in India: a regional analysis [2023]

• Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India
  • Routine Antenatal Care for the Healthy Pregnant Women [2024]

• Health Services Research
  • Long-term trend in socioeconomic inequalities and geographic variation in the utilization of antenatal care service in India between 1998 and 2015 [2020]

• Journal of Global Health
  • Trends in the quality of antenatal care in India: Patterns of change across 36 states and union territories, 1999-2021 [2024]

• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
  • Guidelines for Antenatal Care and Skilled Attendance at Birth [2010]

• PLoS ONE
  • Does women's decision-making autonomy matter in utilization of antenatal care services in India? An analysis from nationally representative survey [2024]
  • Factors associated with underutilization of antenatal care in India: Results from 2019-2021 National Family Health Survey [2023]
  • Generating evidence on screening, diagnosis and management of non-communicable diseases during pregnancy; a scoping review of current gap and practice in India with a comparison of Asian context [2021]

• Scientific Reports
  • Inequality in time to first antenatal care visits and its predictors among pregnant women in India: an evidence from national family health survey [2023]

International

• BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  • What matters to women: a systematic scoping review to identify the processes and outcomes of antenatal care provision that are important to healthy pregnant women [2015]
  • Antenatal care for healthy pregnant women: a mapping of interventions from existing guidelines to inform the development of new WHO guidance on antenatal care [2015]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • A scoping review of digital technologies in antenatal care: recent progress and applications of digital technologies [2025]

• BMJ Global Health
  • Implementation of the new WHO antenatal care model for a positive pregnancy experience: a monitoring framework [2020]

• BMJ Open
  • Developing measures for WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience: a conceptual framework and scoping review [2019]

• Global Health: Science and Practice
  • Integrated Person-Centered Health Care for All Women During Pregnancy: Implementing World Health Organization Recommendations on Antenatal Care for a Positive Pregnancy Experience [2017]

• Health Research Policy and Systems
  • Development of the WHO Antenatal Care Recommendations Adaptation Toolkit: a standardised approach for countries [2020]

• JAMA Network Open
  • Implementation of Antenatal Lifestyle Interventions Into Routine Care: Secondary Analysis of a Systematic Review [2022]

• Journal of Medical Internet Research
  • Building a Digital Tool for the Adoption of the World Health Organization’s Antenatal Care Recommendations: Methodological Intersection of Evidence, Clinical Logic, and Digital Technology [2020]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Early antenatal care visit: a systematic analysis of regional and global levels and trends of coverage from 1990 to 2013 [2017]

• Reproductive Health
  • A systematic review of providers’ experiences of facilitating group antenatal care [2021]

• United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF
  • Antenatal care

Japan

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Regional socio-environmental characteristics associated with inadequate prenatal care during pregnancy: an ecological study of 47 prefectures in Japan [2021]

Kenya

• Reproductive Health
  • Pregnancy wantedness, frequency and timing of antenatal care visit among women of childbearing age in Kenya [2016]

Lebanon

• Conflict and Health
  • An assessment of antenatal care among Syrian refugees in Lebanon [2015]

Liberia

• PLOS Global Public Health
  • Effects of socioeconomic factors and booking time on the WHO recommended eight antenatal care contacts in Liberia [2022]

Low and middle income countries

• BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  • Barriers and enablers to integrating maternal and child health services to antenatal care in low and middle income countries [2016]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Input, process, and output factors contributing to quality of antenatal care services: a scoping review of evidence [2022]

• BMJ Global Health
  • Not just a number: examining coverage and content of antenatal care in low-income and middle-income countries [2018]

• BMJ Open
  • Effectiveness of SMS-based interventions in enhancing antenatal care in developing countries: a systematic review [2025]
  • Effects of women's economic empowerment interventions on antenatal care outcomes: a systematic review [2023]
  • Impact of conditional cash transfer programmes on antenatal care service uptake in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review [2022]

• F1000Research
  • Incentives for pregnant mothers during antenatal care for better maternal and neonatal health outcomes in low and middle income countries: A systematic review protocol [2022]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Pooled prevalence and determinants of antenatal care visits in countries with high maternal mortality: A multi-country analysis [2023]

• Global Pediatric Health
  • Prevalence of Eight or More Antenatal Care Contacts: Findings From Multi-Country Nationally Representative Data [2021]

• International Journal for Equity in Health
  • Inequalities in antenatal care coverage and quality: an analysis from 63 low and middle-income countries using the ANCq content-qualified coverage indicator [2021]

• Journal of Global Health
  • A new content-qualified antenatal care coverage indicator: Development and validation of a score using national health surveys in low- and middle-income countries [2021]
  • Timing and number of antenatal care contacts in low and middle-income countries: Analysis in the Countdown to 2030 priority countries [2020]

• Journal of Medical Internet Research
  • Effects of mHealth Interventions on Improving Antenatal Care Visits and Skilled Delivery Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2022]

• Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
  • Building a Global Evidence Base to Guide Policy and Implementation for Group Antenatal Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Key Principles and Research Framework Recommendations from the Global Group Antenatal Care Collaborative [2020]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Association between achieving adequate antenatal care and health-seeking behaviors: A study of Demographic and Health Surveys in 47 low- and middle-income countries [2024]

• Primary Health Care Research & Development
  • Health system-related barriers to prenatal care management in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the qualitative literature [2023]

• Seminars in Perinatology
  • Trends of antenatal care during pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries: Findings from the global network maternal and newborn health registry [2019]

Malawi

• PLoS ONE
  • Assessment of quality of antenatal care services and associated factors in Malawi: Insights from a nationwide household survey [2024]

Malaysia

• PLoS ONE
  • Antenatal Care Utilisation and Content between Low-Risk and High-Risk Pregnant Women [2016]
  • Assessing the Extent of Adherence to the Recommended Antenatal Care Content in Malaysia: Room for Improvement [2015]

Maldives

• Ministry of Health Maldives
  • National Guideline on Antenatal and Postnatal Care in the Maldives [2022]

Mali

• BMJ Global Health
  • Effect of community health worker home visits on antenatal care and institutional delivery: an analysis of secondary outcomes from a cluster randomised trial in Mali [2023]

Mauritania

• BMC Public Health
  • Sub-regional disparities in the use of antenatal care service in Mauritania: findings from nationally representative demographic and health surveys (2011–2015) [2021]

Mesoamerica

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Coverage and timing of antenatal care among poor women in 6 Mesoamerican countries [2016]

Mozambique

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Challenges and opportunities for implementing evidence-based antenatal care in Mozambique: a qualitative study [2015]

Myanmar

• BMJ Global Health
  • Country compliance with WHO-recommended antenatal care guidelines: equity analysis of the 2015–2016 Demography and Health Survey in Myanmar [2020]

• Ministry of Health and Sports
  • National Guidelines for Antenatal Care [2018]

Nepal

• BMC Public Health
  • Inequalities in antenatal care service utilization in Nepal: evidence from nationally representative Nepal multiple indictor cluster surveys 2014 and 2019 [2025]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Timing of First Antenatal Care (ANC) and Inequalities in Early Initiation of ANC in Nepal [2017]

New Zealand

• New Zealand College of Midwives
  • Assessment and promotion of fetal wellbeing during pregnancy [2021]

Nigeria

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Sub-national analysis and determinants of numbers of antenatal care contacts in Nigeria: assessing the compliance with the WHO recommended standard guidelines [2021]

• BMJ Open
  • Timing of first antenatal care contact, its associated factors and state-level analysis in Nigeria: a cross-sectional assessment of compliance with the WHO guidelines [2021]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Differential Associated Factors for Inadequate Receipt of Components and Non-Use of Antenatal Care Services among Adolescent, Young, and Older Women in Nigeria [2023]
  • Patterns and Predictors of Insufficient Antenatal Care Utilization in Nigeria over a Decade: A Pooled Data Analysis Using Demographic and Health Surveys [2020]

• PLoS ONE
  • Antenatal care utilisation and receipt of its components in Nigeria: Assessing disparities between rural and urban areas-A nationwide population-based study [2024]
  • Prevalence and factors associated with underutilization of antenatal care services in Nigeria: A comparative study of rural and urban residences based on the 2013 Nigeria demographic and health survey [2018]

• Reproductive Health
  • Assessment of quality of antenatal care services in Nigeria: evidence from a population-based survey [2015]

Norway

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Utilization of antenatal care among immigrant women in Norway: a nationwide register-based cohort study [2025]

• Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening
  • Prenatal health of immigrant women in Norway – an exploratory literature review [2021]

Peru

• Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
  • Prevalence and Determinants of Adequate Compliance with Antenatal Care in Peru [2021]

Philippines

• BMJ Open
  • Reduction in inequality in antenatal-care use and persistence of inequality in skilled birth attendance in the Philippines from 1993 to 2008 [2013]

Republic of Guinea

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Determinants of antenatal care and skilled birth attendance services utilization among childbearing women in Guinea: evidence from the 2018 Guinea Demographic and Health Survey data [2021]

Rwanda

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Evolution and determinants of antenatal care services utilization among women of reproductive age in Rwanda: a scoping review [2024]
  • Determinants of timing, adequacy and quality of antenatal care in Rwanda: a cross-sectional study using demographic and health surveys data [2023]
  • Factors associated with utilization of quality antenatal care: a secondary data analysis of Rwandan Demographic Health Survey 2020 [2022]
  • Quality of antenatal care services in Rwanda: assessing practices of health care providers [2018]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Person-centered antenatal care and associated factors in Rwanda: a secondary analysis of program data [2021]

• Ministry of Health Rwanda
  • National Antenatal Care Guidelines [2020]

• Pan African Medical Journal
  • Prevalence and risk factors for delayed antenatal care visits in Rwanda: an analysis of secondary data from Rwanda demographic health survey 2019-2020 [2023]

• PLoS ONE
  • Factors associated with receipt of adequate antenatal care among women in Rwanda: A secondary analysis of the 2019-20 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey [2023]

Rwanda, Zambia

• Digital Health
  • Integration of new digital antenatal care tools using the WHO SMART guideline approach: Experiences from Rwanda and Zambia [2022]

Sierra Leone

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Status of the latest 2016 World Health Organization recommended frequency of antenatal care contacts in Sierra Leone: a nationally representative survey [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Socio-economic disadvantage and quality Antenatal Care (ANC) in Sierra Leone: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey [2023]

South Africa

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Implementing antenatal care recommendations, South Africa [2021]

South Asia

• AJOG Global Reports
  • Does provision of antenatal care in Southern Asia improve neonatal survival? A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• BMJ Open
  • Do women’s empowerment and socioeconomic status predict the adequacy of antenatal care? A cross-sectional study in five South Asian countries [2021]

South-East Asia

• BMC Public Health
  • Urban-rural disparities of antenatal care in South East Asia: a case study in the Philippines and Indonesia [2021]

Southern Africa

• Demographic and Health Surveys
  • Factors That Affect Utilization of Antenatal Care among Recently Pregnant Women in Three Southern African Countries: Focus on the Role of Intimate Partner Violence (English) [2024]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• BioMed Research International
  • Noncompliance with the WHO's Recommended Eight Antenatal Care Visits among Pregnant Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multilevel Analysis [2021]

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Compliance with the 2016 WHO's antenatal care recommendation and its determinants among women in Sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel-analysis of population survey data [2024]
  • Examining barriers to healthcare access and utilization of antenatal care services: evidence from demographic health surveys in sub-Saharan Africa [2021]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Spatial variation and inequities in antenatal care coverage in Kenya, Uganda and mainland Tanzania using model-based geostatistics: a socioeconomic and geographical accessibility lens [2022]
  • Skilled antenatal care services utilisation in sub-Saharan Africa: a pooled analysis of demographic and health surveys from 32 countries [2022]
  • Temporal relationship between Women’s empowerment and utilization of antenatal care services: lessons from four National Surveys in sub-Saharan Africa [2021]
  • Determinants of completing recommended antenatal care utilization in sub-Saharan from 2006 to 2018: evidence from 36 countries using Demographic and Health Surveys [2021]
  • Interventions to improve adherence to antenatal and postnatal care regimens among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review [2020]

• BMC Public Health
  • Type of occupation and early antenatal care visit among women in sub-Saharan Africa [2022]

• BMJ Open
  • Development of indicators for integrated antenatal care service provision: a feasibility study in Burkina Faso, Kenya, Malawi, Senegal and Sierra Leone [2023]
  • Determinants of antenatal care utilisation in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review [2019]

• Health Policy and Planning
  • Explaining socioeconomic disparities and gaps in the use of antenatal care services in 36 countries in sub-Saharan Africa [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Predictors and number of antenatal care visits among reproductive age women in Sub-Saharan Africa further analysis of recent demographic and health survey from 2017-2023: Zero-inflated negative binomial regression [2024]
  • The impact of antenatal care on neonatal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]

Tanzania

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Delivery of integrated infectious disease control services under the new antenatal care guidelines: a service availability and readiness assessment of health facilities in Tanzania [2019]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Determinants of adequate antenatal care visits among pregnant women in low-resource setting: evidence from Tanzania national survey [2024]

• BMJ Open
  • Twelve-year persistence of inequalities in antenatal care utilisation among women in Tanzania: a decomposition analysis of population-based cross-sectional surveys [2021]

• Health Policy and Planning
  • Do antenatal care visits always contribute to facility-based delivery in Tanzania? A study of repeated cross-sectional data [2015]

• Tropical Medicine and Health
  • Trends and factors associated with the utilisation of antenatal care services during the Millennium Development Goals era in Tanzania [2020]

Uganda

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Factors influencing the uptake of antenatal care in Uganda: a mixed methods systematic review [2024]
  • Factors associated with Women's timing of first antenatal care visit during their last pregnancy: evidence from 2016 Uganda demographic health survey [2022]

• BMC Women's Health
  • Exposure to different types of mass media and timing of antenatal care initiation: insights from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey [2022]

United Arab Emirates

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Antenatal Care Initiation Among Pregnant Women in the United Arab Emirates: The Mutaba'ah Study [2020]

United Kingdom

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Specific antenatal interventions for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) pregnant women at high risk of poor birth outcomes in the United Kingdom: a scoping review [2015]
  • Deprivation and poor psychosocial support are key determinants of late antenatal presentation and poor fetal outcomes-a combined retrospective and prospective study [2015]

• Journal of Health Economics
  • The infant health effects of starting universal child benefits in pregnancy: Evidence from England and Wales [2023]

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Antenatal care (Quality standard) [2023]
  • Antenatal care - Timing of first antenatal appointment [2021]
  • Antenatal care - Referral and delivery of antenatal care [2021]
  • Antenatal care - Peer support [2021]
  • Antenatal care - Number of antenatal appointments [2021]
  • Antenatal care - Involving partners [2021]
  • Antenatal care - Information provision [2021]
  • Antenatal care - Content of antenatal appointments [2021]
  • Antenatal care - Approaches to information provision [2021]
  • Antenatal care - Antenatal classes [2021]
  • Antenatal care - Accessing antenatal care [2021]
  • Antenatal care [2021]
  • Pregnancy and complex social factors: A model for service provision for pregnant women with complex social factors [2010]

• WISDOM
  • Antenatal Care Guideline [2024]
  • Antenatal Care for Uncomplicated Pregnancies [2023]

United States

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
  • Schedule of Visits and Televisits for Routine Antenatal Care [2022]

• American Academy of Pediatrics
  • The Prenatal Visit [2018]

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • Tailored Prenatal Care Delivery for Pregnant Individuals [2025]
  • Group Prenatal Care [2018]

• American Family Physician
  • Update on Prenatal Care [2014]

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Variation in guideline-based prenatal care in a commercially insured population [2022]

• Annals of Behavioral Medicine
  • Sexual Orientation-Specific Policies Are Associated With Prenatal Care Use in the First Trimester Among Sexual Minority Women: Results From a Prospective Cohort Study [2024]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Delayed entry into prenatal care among women with pre-pregnancy health conditions, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011 [2022]

• JAMA Network Open
  • Analysis of State Medicaid Expansion and Access to Timely Prenatal Care Among Women Who Were Immigrant vs US Born [2022]

• Maternal and Child Health Journal
  • Patient-Provider Satisfaction and Communication in U.S. Prenatal Care: A Systematic Review [2024]

• Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Special Statement: Telemedicine in obstetrics—quality and safety considerations [2023]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Digital Adaptation Kit for Antenatal Care: Operational requirements for implementing WHO recommendations in digital systems [2021]
  • WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience [2016]
  • WHO Antenatal Care Randomized Trial: Manual for the Implementation of the new Model [2002]
  • Antenatal care coverage - at least four visits (%)
  • Antenatal Care

Zambia

• Ministry of Health Zambia
  • ANC guidelines for a positive pregnancy experience [2019]

Zimbabwe

• Health Promotion International
  • Antenatal care coverage and early childhood mortality in Zimbabwe: new interpretations from nationally representative household surveys [2024]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Prenatal screening and diagnosis
  • Obstetrics, perinatology
  • Maternity services