Obstetrics, gynecology, andrology, sexual and reproductive health

Violence

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Child abuse

 

Americas

• Pan American Health Organization
  • Regional Status Report 2020: Preventing and Responding to Violence against Children in the Americas [2020]

Australia

• Australian Family Physician
  • Infant abusive head trauma - Incidence, outcomes and awareness [2012]
  • Nonaccidental injury in childhood [2011]
  • Child abuse – mandatory reporting requirements [2011]

• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
  • Child protection in the time of COVID-19 [2021]
  • Child protection

• Australian Journal of General Practice
  • Problem sexual behaviours in children [2018]

• Medical Journal of Australia
  • Interventions to halt child abuse in Aboriginal communities [2007]

Bahrain

• Annals of Saudi Medicine
  • Reported child sexual abuse in Bahrain: 2000-2009 [2011]

Canada

• Canadian Paediatric Society
  • Medical neglect: Working with children, youth, and families [2022]
  • The medical evaluation of pre-pubertal children with suspected sexual abuse [2020]
  • The medical assessment of fractures in suspected child maltreatment: Infants and young children with skeletal injury [2018]
  • Multidisciplinary Guidelines on the Identification, Investigation and Management of Suspected Abusive Head Trauma [2007]

• CMAJ
  • Child abuse and mental disorders in Canada [2014]

• Paediatrics & Child Health
  • Child maltreatment in Canada, 2013 [2013]

• Public Health Agency of Canada
  • Is child sexual abuse declining in Canada? Results from nationally representative retrospective surveys [2016]
  • A review of recent analyses of the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS) [2015]
  • Child Maltreatment

China

• PLoS ONE
  • Reported prevalence of childhood maltreatment among Chinese college students: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2018]

Croatia

• Croatian Medical Journal
  • Gender and age differences in prevalence and incidence of child sexual abuse in Croatia [2013]

East Africa

• PLoS ONE
  • Physical, psychological, sexual, and systemic abuse of children with disabilities in East Africa: Mapping the evidence [2017]

East Asia, Pacific

• Child Abuse & Neglect
  • The burden of child maltreatment in the East Asia and Pacific region [2015]

• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • Ending Violence against Children During Covid-19 and Beyond: Second Regional Conference to Strengthen Implementation of the INSPIRE Strategies, East Asia and the Pacific, Virtual Meeting, 1-5 November 2021: Meeting Report [2022]

Eastern Mediterranean

• WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
  • Preventing violence against children 2020: status report for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region [2021]

Ecuador

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • A Comparison of Willingness to Pay to Prevent Child Maltreatment Deaths in Ecuador and the United States [2013]

Egypt

• PLoS ONE
  • Prevalence and risk factors for child labour and violence against children in Egypt using Bayesian geospatial modelling with multiple imputation [2019]

Europe

• PLoS ONE
  • Recognition of child maltreatment in emergency departments in Europe: Should we do better? [2021]

• WHO Regional Office for Europe
  • European regional status report on preventing violence against children 2020 [2021]

Germany

• Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
  • Trends in child maltreatment in Germany: comparison of two representative population-based studies [2018]

• RöFo
  • The German Evidence-Based Child Protection Guideline – Imaging in Suspected Child Abuse [2020]

Hong Kong

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Prevalence of Child Maltreatment and Its Association with Parenting Style: A Population Study in Hong Kong [2019]

India

• BMC Public Health
  • Ethical and definitional considerations in research on child sexual violence in India [2018]

• Indian Journal of Psychiatry
  • Clinical Practice Guidelines for Child Sexual Abuse [2019]

International

• BMC Public Health
  • Priorities for research in child maltreatment, intimate partner violence and resilience to violence exposures: results of an international Delphi consensus development process [2012]

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Violence against children during the COVID-19 pandemic [2021]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys

• JAMA Network Open
  • Demographic and Psychosocial Factors Associated With Child Sexual Exploitation [2020]

• PLoS ONE
  • Improving measurement of child abuse and neglect: A systematic review and analysis of national prevalence studies [2020]

• United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF
  • Violence Against Children

Ireland

• Health Information and Quality Authority
  • Report of the investigation into the management of allegations of child sexual abuse against adults of concern by the Child and Family Agency (Tusla) upon the direction of the Minister for Children and Youth Affairs [2018]
  • Guidance on an investigation into the management of allegations of child sexual abuse [2017]

Kenya

• Frontiers in Global Women's Health
  • Children's Vulnerability to Sexual Violence During COVID-19 in Kenya: Recommendations for the Future [2021]

• International Journal of Women's Health
  • Postrape care services to minors in Kenya: are the services healing or hurting survivors? [2016]

• Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
  • Sexualised violence against children: a review of laws and policies in Kenya [2019]

Latin America and the Caribbean

• BMC Public Health
  • Violence against children in Latin America and Caribbean countries: a comprehensive review of national health sector efforts in prevention and response [2016]

Netherlands

• Child Abuse & Neglect
  • Prevalence of child maltreatment in the Netherlands: An update and cross-time comparison [2020]

New Zealand

• American Journal of Public Health
  • Ethnic Disparities in Childhood Prevalence of Maltreatment: Evidence From a New Zealand Birth Cohort [2019]

• Starship
  • Abuse and Neglect [2021]

Norway

• Norwegian Institute of Public Health
  • The effect of interventions for children who have experienced violence in close relationships: an overview of reviews [2017]

Oman

• Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal
  • Child Rights: What can we do in Oman? [2012]

Saudi Arabia

• Annals of Saudi Medicine
  • Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect in Saudi Arabia: Are We Ready? [2011]

Singapore

• Singapore Medical Journal
  • Management of child abuse [2013]

South Africa

• Lancet Global Health
  • Sexual violence against children in South Africa: a nationally representative cross-sectional study of prevalence and correlates [2018]

South-East Asia

• WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia
  • Preventing violence against children 2020: report for the WHO South-East Asia Region [2021]

Sweden

• Acta Paediatrica
  • Child physical abuse, declining trend in prevalence over 10 years in Sweden [2020]

• Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care
  • Facing suspected child abuse – what keeps Swedish general practitioners from reporting to child protective services? [2015]

• Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services
  • Primary care interventions provided to families where children have been subjected to abuse and neglect [2018]

Switzerland

• Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
  • Mobilizing agencies for incidence surveys on child maltreatment: successful participation in Switzerland and lessons learned [2018]

United Arab Emirates

• European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry
  • Assessment of the knowledge of United Arab Emirates dentists of Child Maltreatment, protection and safeguarding [2018]

United Kingdom

• BMC Psychiatry
  • Associations between developmental timing of child abuse and conduct problem trajectories in a UK birth cohort [2021]

• BMJ Open
  • Exploration of trends in the incidence and prevalence of childhood maltreatment and domestic abuse recording in UK primary care: a retrospective cohort study using ‘the health improvement network’ database [2020]

• Department of Health and Social Care
  • Helping school nurses to tackle child sexual exploitation

• GG&C Paediatric Guidelines
  • Child Protection

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Child abuse and neglect [2019]
  • Child maltreatment: when to suspect maltreatment in under 18s [2017]

• Public Health England
  • Preventing offending and re-offending by children

• Public Health Scotland
  • Ending childhood adversity: A public health approach [2020]

• Royal College of Radiologists
  • The radiological investigation of suspected physical abuse in children [2017]

• Scottish Government
  • Supporting children and young people who may have experienced child sexual abuse: clinical pathway for healthcare professionals [2020]
  • Tackling child neglect in Scotland 3: rapid review of legislation and policy [2018]
  • Tackling child neglect in Scotland 2: rapid review of intervention literature [2018]
  • Tackling child neglect in Scotland 1: follow-up survey 2016 [2018]
  • National action plan to tackle child sexual exploitation: progress report 2016-2017 [2017]
  • Child Sexual Exploitation - A Guide for Health Practitioners [2017]
  • Child Sexual Exploitation: Definition and Practitioner Briefing Paper [2016]
  • National Guidance for Child Protection in Scotland

United States

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
  • Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment: An Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [2018]
  • Behavioral Interventions and Counseling to Prevent Child Abuse and Neglect [2013]

• American Academy of Pediatrics
  • Protecting Children From Sexual Abuse by Health Care Professionals and in the Health Care Setting [2022]
  • Exploitation, Labor and Sex Trafficking of Children and Adolescents: Health Care Needs of Patients [2022]
  • Evaluation for Bleeding Disorders in Suspected Child Abuse [2022]
  • Evaluating for Suspected Child Abuse: Conditions That Predispose to Bleeding [2022]
  • Maltreatment of Children With Disabilities [2021]
  • Runaway Youth: Caring for the Nation’s Largest Segment of Missing Children [2020]
  • Children Exposed to Maltreatment: Assessment and the Role of Psychotropic Medication [2020]
  • Abusive Head Trauma in Infants and Children [2020]
  • Ongoing Pediatric Health Care for the Child Who Has Been Maltreated [2019]
  • Identifying Child Abuse Fatalities During Infancy [2019]
  • The Eye Examination in the Evaluation of Child Abuse [2018]
  • Oral and Dental Aspects of Child Abuse and Neglect [2017]
  • Global Human Trafficking and Child Victimization [2017]
  • Clinical Considerations Related to the Behavioral Manifestations of Child Maltreatment [2017]
  • Virtual Violence [2016]
  • Psychological Maltreatment [2016]
  • The Evaluation of Suspected Child Physical Abuse [2015]
  • Child Sex Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation: Health Care Needs of Victims [2015]
  • The Pediatrician's Role in Child Maltreatment Prevention [2014]
  • Evaluating Children With Fractures for Child Physical Abuse [2014]
  • Child Abuse, Confidentiality, and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act [2014]
  • The Evaluation of Children in the Primary Care Setting When Sexual Abuse Is Suspected [2013]
  • Distinguishing Sudden Infant Death Syndrome From Child Abuse Fatalities [2013]
  • Caregiver-Fabricated Illness in a Child: A Manifestation of Child Maltreatment [2013]
  • Evaluation of Suspected Child Physical Abuse [2012]
  • Diagnostic Imaging of Child Abuse [2009]

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • Human Trafficking [2019]
  • Adult Manifestations of Childhood Sexual Abuse [2011]

• American College of Radiology
  • Suspected Physical Abuse - Child

• BMC Public Health
  • Describing associations between child maltreatment frequency and the frequency and timing of subsequent delinquent or criminal behaviors across development: variation by sex, sexual orientation, and race [2019]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Sexual Assault or Abuse of Children - STI Treatment Guidelines [2021]
  • Trends in U.S. Emergency Department Visits Related to Suspected or Confirmed Child Abuse and Neglect Among Children and Adolescents Aged 18 Years Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, January 2019–September 2020 [2020]
  • Vital Signs: Estimated Proportion of Adult Health Problems Attributable to Adverse Childhood Experiences and Implications for Prevention — 25 States, 2015–2017 [2019]
  • CDC Grand Rounds: Creating a Healthier Future Through Prevention of Child Maltreatment [2014]
  • Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention

• Child Welfare Information Gateway
  • Child Abuse & Neglect

• Hospital Pediatrics
  • Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment Fatalities in a National Pediatric Inpatient Database [2020]

• Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
  • Updated Guidelines for the Medical Assessment and Care of Children Who May Have Been Sexually Abused [2016]

• Lancet Public Health
  • Intergenerational transmission of the effects of maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment in the USA: a retrospective cohort study [2023]

• Pediatrics
  • Effectiveness of Home Visiting in Improving Child Health and Reducing Child Maltreatment [2013]

• Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
  • Parasite stress promotes homicide and child maltreatment [2011]

• Society for Pediatric Radiology
  • The impact of the consensus statement on abusive head trauma in infants and young children [2021]

• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
  • Child Maltreatment: Interventions [2018]

Western Pacific

• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • Child maltreatment [2016]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • WHO guidelines on parenting interventions to prevent maltreatment and enhance parent–child relationships with children aged 0–17 years: web annex: GRADE evidence profiles and evidence to decision tables [2023]
  • WHO guidelines on parenting interventions to prevent maltreatment and enhance parent–child relationships with children aged 0–17 years [2023]
  • What works to prevent violence against children online? [2022]
  • What works to prevent online violence against children? executive summary [2022]
  • Violence against children online [2022]
  • Responding to child maltreatment: a clinical handbook for health professionals [2022]
  • Reporting on violence against children: a guide for journalists [2022]
  • INSPIRE: seven strategies for ending violence against children: uptake between 2016 and 2021 [2022]
  • Universal parenting support to prevent abuse and neglect: A policy call for national governments [2021]
  • Global status report on preventing violence against children 2020 [2020]
  • WHO Guidelines for the health sector response to child maltreatment [2019]
  • School-based violence prevention: a practical handbook [2019]
  • INSPIRE handbook: action for implementing the seven strategies for ending violence against children [2018]
  • Responding to children and adolescents who have been sexually abused [2017]
  • Violence against children: Fact sheet
  • Violence against children
  • Violence Info – Child maltreatment
  • Lifetime prevalence of child sexual abuse (%)
  • Lifetime prevalence of child physical neglect (%)
  • Lifetime prevalence of child physical abuse (%)
  • Lifetime prevalence of child emotional abuse (%)
  • Extent of implementation of child protection services
  • Child maltreatment: Fact sheet
  • Child maltreatment: Extent of implementation of home-visiting programmes

{Related topics}

• Guidelines
  • Violence