Violence

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Violence against women, gender-based violence

Americas

• Pan American Health Organization
  • Violence against women and girls: A persistent reality in the Americas [2025]
  • Documenting cases of violence against women and girls and recording the health sector response: How to strengthen health administrative data on intimate partner violence and sexual violence in the Region of the Americas. Information kit [2024]
  • Addressing violence against women in health policies and protocols in the Americas: A regional status report [2022]
  • Violence against women

Arab countries

• BMC International Health and Human Rights
  • Prevalence of intimate partner violence against women in the Arab world: a systematic review [2019]

• United Nations Population Fund
  • Gender-Based Violence in the Context of Climate Change in the Arab Region. Review of Evidence and Pathways [2023]
  • Essential services for adolescent girls subjected to violence in the Arab region [2023]
  • A Guide to Better Understanding and Using Violence Against Women Prevalence Data [2023]

Australia

• Department of Social Services
  • National Plan to End Violence against Women and Children

• Medical Journal of Australia
  • Transforming health settings to address gender-based violence in Australia [2022]

• Public Health Research and Practice
  • A critical review of long-term funding for reducing violence against women in Australia [2025]

Brazil

• Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
  • Gender-based violence in Brazil: scoping review of risk factors and associated health consequences [2026]
  • Political gender violence: Brazilian and international studies and perspectives from a scoping review [2025]
  • Public health agendas addressing violence against rural women - an analysis of local level health services in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil [2015]

• Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde
  • Temporal trend and epidemiological profile of notifications of violence against women in Brazil: 2014-2023 [2025]

• Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem
  • Time trend and spatial distribution of the cases of lethal violence against women in Brazil [2022]

Cambodia

• Ministry of Health Cambodia
  • National Guidelines for Managing Violence Against Women and Children in the Health System [2014]

Canada

• Government of Canada
  • Gender-based Violence

Caribbean

• United Nations Development Programme
  • Guidelines on the Integration of Violence Against Women and Girls including Family Violence in Disaster Risk Management in the Caribbean [2023]

Chile

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Femicide and Attempted Femicide before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chile [2022]

China

• United Nations Population Fund
  • Research on Gender-based Violence and Masculinities in China : Quantitative Findings [2013]

Ecuador

• BMC Women's Health
  • Female homicides and femicides in Ecuador: a nationwide ecological analysis from 2001 to 2017 [2022]

• International Journal for Equity in Health
  • “The devil is in the detail”: geographical inequalities of femicides in Ecuador [2021]
  • Prevalence and sociogeographical inequalities of violence against women in Ecuador: a cross-sectional study [2021]

Egypt

• United Nations Population Fund
  • Medical Protocol/Guidelines for Management of Victims of Gender Based Violence (including sexual violence) [2014]

Ethiopia

• BMC Women's Health
  • Gender-based violence and associated factors among women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Gender-based violence and associated factors among female sex workers in Ethiopia. Evidence from The National Bio-behavioral Survey, 2020 [2024]

• Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
  • Pregnancy coercion, correlates, and associated modern contraceptive use within a nationally representative sample of Ethiopian women [2022]

Europe

• Council of Europe
  • Violence against women

• EUR-Lex
  • Violence against women and girls: EU guidelines

• European Commission
  • Ending gender-based violence

• European Council
  • EU measures to end violence against women

• European External Action Service
  • EU guidelines on violence against women and girls and combating all forms of discrimination against them [2018]

• European Institute for Gender Equality
  • Methodological Guidance: Administrative data collection on violence against women and domestic violence [2023]

• WHO European Region
  • Responding to violence against women and children during COVID-19: impact on service provision, strategies and actions in the WHO European Region [2021]
  • Strengthening health sector response to violence against women

Germany

• PLoS ONE
  • Sexual and reproductive health outcomes of women who experienced violence in Germany: Analysis of the German health interview and examination survey for adults (DEGS1) [2024]

India

• Ministry of Home Affairs
  • Crime Against Women

• World Health Organization
  • Violence Against Women lessons from hospital interventions in Maharashtra, India [2021]

Indonesia

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Adaptation of the RESPECT framework to prevent violence against women, Indonesia [2024]

International

• BMC Public Health
  • Food insecurity and gender-based violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review [2026]

• BMJ
  • Violence against women during covid-19 pandemic restrictions [2020]

• BMJ Global Health
  • What research evidence is required on violence against women to inform future pandemic preparedness? A scoping review of the research evidence and gaps [2024]
  • Mobile applications addressing violence against women: a systematic review [2020]

• Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
  • Gender-based violence against women: a scoping review [2025]

• Lancet Planetary Health
  • Extreme events and gender-based violence: a mixed-methods systematic review [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Precarious employment and gender-based violence against migrant women: A scoping review mapping the intersections [2025]

• Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP
  • Prevention approaches aimed at men who commit violence against women: a scoping review [2025]

• Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
  • Examining the Prevalence and Effects of Gender-based Violence in Academic Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses [2025]
  • A Medical-Legal and Psychological Systematic Review on Vitriolage Related to Gender-Based Violence [2023]

• UN Women
  • UN Women strategy: Preventing and eliminating technology-facilitated violence against women and girls [2025]
  • Tracking countries’ efforts on technology-facilitated violence against women and girls [2025]
  • Tipping point: The chilling escalation of online violence against women in the public sphere [2025]
  • Normative advances on technology-facilitated violence against women and girls [2025]
  • Model framework for legislation on technology-facilitated violence against women and girls [2025]
  • Measuring gender-based violence: Data collection and evidence on violence based on sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics [2025]
  • How AI is exacerbating technology-facilitated violence against women and girls [2025]
  • Guidance for police on addressing technology-facilitated violence against women and girls [2025]
  • Global trends to prevent and respond to technology-facilitated violence against women and girls: A compendium of emerging practices [2025]
  • Ending violence against women and girls: Global commitments, local actions [2025]
  • Closing the funding gap to end violence against women and girls [2025]
  • Violence against women 60 years and older: Data availability, methodological issues, and recommendations for good practice [2024]
  • UN Women ending violence against women and girls: Knowledge products, guidance and tools, 2022–2024 [2024]
  • UN Trust Fund to End Violence Against Women annual report 2023 [2024]
  • Technology-facilitated gender-based violence: Developing a shared research agenda [2024]
  • Repository of UN Women’s work on technology-facilitated gender-based violence [2024]
  • Measuring violence against women with disability: Data availability, methodological issues, and recommendations for good practice [2024]
  • Intensification of efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women: Report of the Secretary-General (2022) [2024]
  • Together for prevention: Handbook on multisectoral national action plans to prevent violence against women and girls [2023]
  • Technology-facilitated violence against women: Taking stock of evidence and data collection [2023]
  • Tackling violence against women and girls in sport: A handbook for policy makers and sports practitioners [2023]
  • Innovation and prevention of violence against women [2023]
  • Gender-related killings of women and girls (femicide/feminicide): Global estimates of female intimate partner/family-related homicides in 2022 [2023]
  • Doing violence prevention well: Matching aspirations with funding timeframes [2023]
  • Brief: The state of evidence and data collection on technology-facilitated violence against women [2023]
  • Addressing violence against women through social protection: A review of the evidence [2023]
  • Tackling violence against women and girls in the context of climate change [2022]
  • Safe consultations with survivors of violence against women and girls [2022]
  • Improving the collection and use of administrative data on violence against women [2022]
  • Gender-related killings of women and girls: Improving data to improve responses to femicide/feminicide [2022]
  • Accelerating efforts to tackle online and technology-facilitated violence against women and girls [2022]
  • UN Women impact stories: Ending violence against women [2021]
  • Handbook on gender-responsive police services for women and girls subject to violence [2021]
  • COVID-19, gender, and disability checklist: Preventing and addressing gender-based violence against women, girls, and gender non-conforming persons with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic [2021]
  • Violence against women and girls data collection during COVID-19 [2020]
  • RESPECT Women: Preventing violence against women – Implementation package [2020]
  • Brief: COVID-19 and essential services provision for survivors of violence against women and girls [2020]
  • Handbook for National Action Plans on Violence against Women [2012]
  • Handbook for Legislation on Violence against Women [2012]
  • Global Database on Violence Against Women
  • Ending violence against women: Global norms and standards

• UNAIDS
  • The missing link: Rethinking and reprioritizing HIV and gender-based violence in fragile settings [2024]

• United Nations
  • Guidelines for Producing Statistics on Violence against Women [2014]
  • Gender Statistics - Violence against Women

• United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
  • Gender equality and women’s rights

• United Nations Population Fund
  • Making the Invisible Visible: Why disability matters in violence against women and bodily autonomy [2024]
  • A Framework for TFGBV Programming [2024]
  • UNFPA Strategy and Operational Plan to Scale-up and Strengthen Interventions on Gender-based Violence in Emergencies, 2023-2025: Executive Summary [2023]
  • Measuring technology-facilitated gender-based violence. A discussion paper [2023]
  • Guidance on the Safe and Ethical Use of Technology to Address Gender-based Violence and Harmful Practices: Implementation Summary [2023]
  • Briefing paper - Addressing gender-based violence against women and people of diverse gender identity and expression who use drugs [2023]
  • UNFPA Implementation of the Essential Services Package for Women and Girls Subject to Violence: A consultation report [2022]
  • Addressing Gender-Based Violence Across Contexts: Gender-Based Violence Interagency Minimum Standards and the Essential Services Package for Women and Girls Subject to Violence [2022]
  • Technology-facilitated Gender-based Violence: Making All Spaces Safe [2021]
  • Getting to Zero: Mapping UNFPA Leadership on Ending Gender-based Violence [2021]
  • Reporting on Gender-based Violence in Humanitarian Settings: A Journalist's Handbook [2020]
  • The Inter-Agency Minimum Standards for Gender-Based Violence in Emergencies Programming [2019]
  • Essential Services Package for Women and Girls Subject to Violence [2015]

• World Bank
  • Gender Based Violence in Fragile, Conflict, and Violence Situations : Five Key Questions to be Answered [2018]
  • Violence Against Women and Girls : Disaster Risk Management Brief [2015]
  • Violence Against Women & Girls Resource Guide

Ireland

• Public Policy
  • Gender-Based Violence in Ireland [2022]

Italy

• Forensic Sciences
  • Violence against Women within Italian and European Context: Italian “Pink Code”—Major Injuries and Forensic Expertise of a Socio-Cultural Problem: A Narrative Review [2024]

Kenya

• State Department for Gender and Affirmative Action
  • National policy for prevention and response to gender based violence [2014]

Kosovo

• Council of Europe
  • Quality guidelines for shelters for victims of Violence against Women and Domestic Violence [2021]

Kyrgyzstan

• BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
  • Association between gender-based violence and hypertension among women in the Kyrgyzstan Republic [2022]

Low and middle income countries

• BMC Women's Health
  • Public transport systems and safety of female commuters in low-and-middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review [2025]

• BMJ Global Health
  • A systematic review of infectious disease outbreaks and violence against women and girls: changes in magnitude, mechanisms and lessons for the future [2026]
  • Gender-based violence and women's nutrition: a systematic review [2025]
  • A systematic review of microfinance interventions and violence against women: results from low- and middle-income contexts [2025]
  • Risk factors for violence against women in high-prevalence settings: a mixed-methods systematic review and meta-synthesis [2022]

• Journal of Adolescent Health
  • What Works to Prevent Violence Against Adolescent Girls in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review [2026]

• Journal of Interpersonal Violence
  • Exposure of Women With and Without Disabilities to Violence and Discrimination: Evidence from Cross-sectional National Surveys in 29 Middle- and Low-Income Countries [2023]

• Social Science & Medicine
  • Gender-based violence syndemics in global health: A systematic review [2025]

• Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
  • Gender-Based Violence Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Interventions at Structural, Community, Interpersonal, Individual, and Multiple Levels [2023]

Nepal

• Center for Research on Environment Health and Population Activities
  • A Study on Advancing Justice Sector Reform to Address Discrimination and Violence against Women in Four Selected Districts of Nepal [2013]
  • Violence against Marginalized Women in Nepal [2011]

• Demographic and Health Surveys
  • Determinants of Violence Against Women Perpetrated by Intimate Partners and Nonpartners, 2022 Nepal DHS [2024]

• Globalization and Health
  • Mitigating violence against women and young girls during COVID-19 induced lockdown in Nepal: a wake-up call [2020]

Nigeria

• World Bank
  • Gender-Based Violence : An Analysis of the Implications for the Nigeria for Women Project [2019]

Pakistan

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Gender-based violence in Pakistan and public health measures: a call to action [2022]

Serbia

• United Nations Development Programme
  • Guidelines on Media Reporting on Violence against Women [2021]

Somalia

• BMJ Global Health
  • Lifetime prevalence, correlates and health consequences of gender-based violence victimisation and perpetration among men and women in Somalia [2018]

South Africa

• Global Public Health
  • Two decades of tracking femicide in South Africa: An analysis of four national surveys from 1999 to 2020/2021 [2025]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • The Health-Related Consequences of Gender-Based Violence Against Women in South Africa [2026]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Femicide, intimate partner femicide, and non-intimate partner femicide in South Africa: An analysis of 3 national surveys, 1999-2017 [2024]

South Asia

• BMC Public Health
  • South Asian women's lived experiences of health care after disclosure of family violence: a qualitative meta-synthesis review [2025]

South Sudan

• BMJ Open
  • Assessing attitudes towards violence against women and girls, their determinants and health-seeking behaviour among women and men in South Sudan: a cross-sectional national survey [2024]

• Conflict and Health
  • Researching violence against women and girls in South Sudan: ethical and safety considerations and strategies [2019]

• Violence Against Women
  • "If You Are Born a Girl in This Crisis, You Are Born a Problem": Patterns and Drivers of Violence Against Women and Girls in Conflict-Affected South Sudan [2022]

Spain

• Gaceta Sanitaria
  • Gender inequality and violence against women in Spain, 2006-2014: towards a civilized society [2016]
  • Applying the WHO recommendations on health-sector response to violence against women to assess the Spanish health system. A mixed methods approach [2014]

• Psychological Medicine
  • Gender-based violence during COVID-19 outbreak in Spain [2023]

Sri Lanka

• Ministry of Women and Child Affairs
  • National Guidelines for the Management of Shelters for victim-survivours of Sexual and Gender Based Violence 2024 [2024]

• World Health Organization
  • Country profile on gender-based violence in Sri Lanka [2018]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• BMC Public Health
  • Gender-based violence and its determinants among refugees and internally displaced women in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Associated Factors of Gender-Based Violence against Women in Sub-Saharan Africa [2021]
  • Gender Based Violence against Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies [2020]

• Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
  • Government responses to COVID-19 and impact on GBV services and programmes: comparative analysis of the situation in South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, and Nigeria [2023]

• Systematic Reviews
  • Gender-based violence among female youths in educational institutions of Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]

• UC Davis Journal of International Law and Policy
  • Gender-Based Violence Laws in Ten African Countries with High HIV Prevalence and Incidence Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women [2023]

Syria

• United Nations Population Fund
  • An overview of gender-based violence risks in the 2023 Syria earthquake response [2023]
  • An Overview of Gender-Based Violence in Syria [2023]

Tajikistan

• BMC Public Health
  • Exposure to gender-based violence and the risk of hypertension, obesity, and anemia: a multilevel analysis of the 2017 Tajikistan demographic and health survey [2025]

Türkiye

• PLoS ONE
  • The association between women's economic participation and physical and/or sexual domestic violence against women: A case study for Turkey [2022]

Uganda

• BMC Public Health
  • Vulnerability to violence against women or girls during COVID-19 in Uganda [2023]

• World Health Organization
  • Strengthening the health system response to violence against women in Uganda [2020]

United Kingdom

• Crime, justice and law
  • Violence against women and girls

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic men's experiences of gender-based violence, help-seeking behaviours and psychosocial interventions in the United Kingdom: a systematic review [2026]

• Home Office
  • Violence Against Women and Girls National Statement of Expectations [2022]
  • Freedom from violence and abuse: a cross-government strategy

• National Audit Office
  • Tackling violence against women and girls

• Public Health Scotland
  • Gender-based violence and learning disability - Guidance for practitioners [2020]

• Right Decisions
  • Gender Based Violence Guideline, Emergency Department and Minor Injuries Unit

• Scottish Government
  • Violence Against Women and Girls - Independent Strategic Review of Funding and Commissioning of Services: report [2023]

• UK Parliament
  • Violence against women and girls in 2025 [2025]
  • Tackling violence against women and girls [2025]
  • Tackling violence against women and girls in the UK [2023]

United States

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • Elder Abuse and Women’s Health [2021]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Femicide in the United States: a call for legal codification and national surveillance [2024]

• Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
  • Improving Adolescent and Young Adult Health Through Knowledge and Action on Gender-Based Violence [2025]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2023 [2025]
  • RESPECT women: preventing violence against women, 2nd ed. [2025]
  • Checklist to support the inclusion of women with disabilities in research on violence against women [2025]
  • Caring for women subjected to violence: online facilitated training for health workers: participant handouts [2025]
  • Violence against women 60 years and older [2024]
  • Measuring violence against women with disability [2024]
  • Checklist for ensuring the quality of violence against women surveys [2023]
  • Improving the collection and use of administrative data on violence against women: global technical guidance [2022]
  • Gender-Based Violence: Quality assurance tool — minimum care version [2022]
  • Addressing violence against women in pre-service health training: integrating content from the Caring for women subjected to violence curriculum [2022]
  • Violence Against Women Prevalence Estimates, 2018 [2021]
  • The Gender-Based Violence Quality Assurance Tool: Facilitation guide [2021]
  • Resource package for strengthening countries’ health systems response to violence against women [2021]
  • Caring for women subjected to violence: a WHO curriculum for training health-care providers, revised edition, 2021 [2021]
  • Addressing violence against women in health and multisectoral policies: a global status report [2021]
  • Violence Against Women and Girls: Data Collection during COVID-19 [2020]
  • Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Violence against women [2020]
  • COVID-19 and violence against women [2020]
  • Violence against women: intimate partner and sexual violence against women: evidence brief [2019]
  • Violence against women: Evidence brief [2019]
  • Respect women: preventing violence against women [2019]
  • WHO: Addressing violence against women: Key achievements and priorities [2018]
  • Strengthening health systems to respond to women subjected to intimate partner violence or sexual violence: A manual for health managers [2017]
  • Global plan of action: health systems address violence against women and girls [2016]
  • Ethical and safety recommendations for intervention research on violence against women [2016]
  • Violence against women: the health sector responds [2013]
  • Global and regional estimates of violence against women [2013]
  • 16 Ideas for addressing violence against women in the context of the HIV epidemic [2013]
  • Understanding and addressing violence against women: human trafficking [2012]
  • Understanding and addressing violence against women: health consequences [2012]
  • Understanding and addressing violence against women: femicide [2012]
  • Preventing intimate partner and sexual violence against women [2010]
  • Expert meeting on health-sector responses to violence against women, 17-19 March 2009, Geneva, Switzerland [2010]
  • Addressing violence against women and HIV/AIDS: what works? [2010]
  • Promoting gender equality to prevent violence against women [2009]
  • Researching violence against women : practical guidelines for researchers and activists [2005]
  • Addressing violence against women and achieving the Millennium Development Goals [2005]
  • Violence against women: Fact sheet
  • Violence against women data
  • Violence against women and girls
  • Violence against women (Global Health Observatory)
  • Violence against women
  • Global Database on the Prevalence of Violence Against Women

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • COVID-19 and violence against women in the Eastern Mediterranean Region [2020]

WHO Western Pacific Region

• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • Gender-based violence in the Western Pacific Region : a hidden epidemic? [2006]

Zimbabwe

• Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
  • Violence Against Women and Girls in Zimbabwe: A Review of a Decade of the Empirical Literature [2025]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Violence
  • Sexual violence, sexual abuse, sexual harassment
  • Obstetric violence, mistreatment of women during childbirth, respectful maternal and newborn care
  • Intimate partner violence during pregnancy
  • Domestic violence, intimate partner violence