Breastfeeding

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HIV/AIDS and breastfeeding/infant feeding

Africa

• AIDS
  • Individualizing the WHO HIV and Infant Feeding Guidelines: Optimal breastfeeding duration to maximize infant HIV-free survival [2014]

Australia

• Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
  • The Optimal Scenario & Context of Care [2021]

Brazil

• AIDS Care
  • ‘I did not feel like a mother’: The success and remaining challenges to exclusive formula feeding among HIV-positive women in Brazil [2013]

Canada

• Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada
  • Canadian Pediatric & Perinatal HIV/AIDS Research Group consensus recommendations for infant feeding in the HIV context [2023]

• Medicine
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of infant feeding modalities for virally suppressed mothers in Canada living with HIV [2019]

Côte d'Ivoire

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Breastfeeding: the hidden barrier in Côte d'Ivoire's quest to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV [2014]

Ethiopia

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis on adoption of WHO-recommended infant feeding practices among HIV positive mothers in Ethiopia [2021]

Europe

• European AIDS Clinical Society
  • Guidelines and practice of breastfeeding in women living with HIV-Results from the European INSURE survey [2023]

• HIV Medicine
  • HIV postnatal prophylaxis and infant feeding policies vary across Europe: results of a Penta survey [2025]
  • European Guidelines on HIV and breastfeeding: "Same, same, but different" - Results from a WAVE survey [2025]

India

• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
  • Nutrition Guidelines for HIV-Exposed and Infected Children [2013]

International

• Advances in Nutrition
  • Nutrition in HIV-Infected Infants and Children: Current Knowledge, Existing Challenges, and New Dietary Management Opportunities [2021]

• AIDS
  • Challenges in infant and young child nutrition in the context of HIV [2013]

• Clinics in Perinatology
  • Survival and Health Benefits of Breastfeeding Versus Artificial Feeding in Infants of HIV-Infected Women: Developing Versus Developed World [2010]

• Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
  • Infant feeding: emerging concepts to prevent HIV transmission [2024]

• Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease
  • When law and science part ways: the criminalization of breastfeeding by women living with HIV [2022]

Kenya

• BMC Pediatrics
  • Exclusive breastfeeding among women taking HAART for PMTCT of HIV-1 in the Kisumu Breastfeeding Study [2014]

• International Breastfeeding Journal
  • Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding by maternal HIV status: a population-based survey in Kenya [2024]

• PLoS ONE
  • Outcomes in a Cohort of Women Who Discontinued Maternal Triple-Antiretroviral Regimens Initially Used to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding—Kenya, 2003–2009 [2014]

Lesotho

• HIV Research & Clinical Practice
  • Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among peri-urban mothers living with and without HIV in Lesotho [2025]

Nigeria

• Pan African Medical Journal
  • Exclusive breastfeeding and HIV/AIDS: a crossectional survey of mothers attending prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV clinics in southwestern Nigeria [2015]

Papua New Guinea

• International Breastfeeding Journal
  • Infant feeding in the context of HIV: a qualitative study of health care workers’ knowledge of recommended infant feeding options in Papua New Guinea [2013]

Rwanda

• PLoS ONE
  • Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV: Cost-Effectiveness of Antiretroviral Regimens and Feeding Options in Rwanda [2013]

South Africa

• PLoS ONE
  • The Cost-Effectiveness of Different Feeding Patterns Combined with Prompt Treatments for Preventing Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in South Africa: Estimates from Simulation Modeling [2014]

Southern Africa

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Promoting safe infant feeding practices – the importance of structural, social and contextual factors in Southern Africa [2013]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• BMC Public Health
  • A realist review of infant feeding counselling to increase exclusive breastfeeding by HIV-positive women in sub Saharan-Africa: what works for whom and in what contexts [2019]

• International Breastfeeding Journal
  • Breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes and practices of HIV-positive women in Africa: a systematic review [2025]

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • Differences in Breastfeeding Duration by Maternal HIV Status: A Pooled Analysis of Nationally Representative Surveys in Sub-Saharan Africa [2024]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Optimal breastfeeding durations for HIV-exposed infants: the impact of maternal ART use, infant mortality and replacement feeding risk [2018]

• PLoS ONE
  • The impact of approaches in improving male partner involvement in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV on the uptake of safe infant feeding practices by HIV positive women in sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review and meta-analysis [2018]

Switzerland

• European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
  • Successful implementation of new Swiss recommendations on breastfeeding of infants born to women living with HIV [2023]

• Swiss Medical Weekly
  • Is breastfeeding an equipoise option in effectively treated HIV-infected mothers in a high-income setting? [2018]

Tanzania

• International Breastfeeding Journal
  • Challenges of disseminating clinical practice guidelines in a weak health system: the case of HIV and infant feeding recommendations in Tanzania [2014]

United Kingdom

• British HIV Association
  • British HIV Association and Children's HIV Association position statement on infant feeding in the UK 2011 [2011]

• Department of Health and Social Care
  • Prevention of HIV transmission through breastfeeding: position statement

United States

• AIDS Patient Care and STDs
  • Tilting the Scale: Current Provider Perspectives and Practices on Breastfeeding with HIV in the United States [2023]

• American Academy of Pediatrics
  • Infant Feeding for Persons Living With and at Risk for HIV in the United States: Clinical Report [2024]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • HIV and Breastfeeding

• Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • Breastfeeding and HIV-Infected Women in the United States: Harm Reduction Counseling Strategies [2014]

• Clinicalinfo
  • Infant Feeding for People with HIV in the United States

• Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics
  • Breastfeeding with HIV [2019]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • “In the United States, we say, ‘No breastfeeding,’ but that is no longer realistic”: provider perspectives towards infant feeding among women living with HIV in the United States [2019]

• Lancet Regional Health – Americas
  • Infant feeding for people living with HIV in high resource settings: a multi-disciplinary approach with best practices to maximise risk reduction [2023]

• PLoS ONE
  • Breastfeeding in women with HIV infection: A qualitative study of barriers and facilitators [2024]

• Topics in Antiviral Medicine
  • 2023 updated guidelines on infant feeding and HIV in the United States: what are they and why have recommendations changed [2023]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Advocacy brief: breastfeeding and HIV: global breastfeeding collective [2019]
  • Guideline: updates on HIV and infant feeding [2016]
  • Kesho Bora Study: preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV during breastfeeding: policy brief [2011]
  • Guidelines on HIV and infant feeding 2010. Principles and recommendations for infant feeding in the context of HIV and a summary of evidence [2010]
  • HIV transmission through breastfeeding. A review of available evidence. 2007 Update [2008]
  • HIV and infant feeding counselling tools : orientation guide for trainers [2008]
  • HIV and infant feeding : update based on the technical consultation held on behalf of the Inter-agency Task Team (IATT) on Prevention of HIV infections in pregnant women, Mothers and their Infants [2007]
  • HIV and infant feeding : new evidence and programmatic experience : report of a technical consultation held on behalf of the Inter-agency Task Team (IATT) on Prevention of HIV infections in pregnant women, Mother and their Infants [2007]
  • What are the Options? Using formative research to adapt global recommendations on HIV and infant feeding to the local context [2004]
  • HIV and Infant Feeding. Guidelines for decision-makers [2003]
  • HIV and Infant Feeding. A guide for health-care managers and supervisors [2003]
  • Breastfeeding and replacement feeding practices in the context of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV - An assessment tool for research [2001]
  • Infant feeding for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV

Zambia

• BMC Public Health
  • Challenges and opportunities of optimal breastfeeding in the context of HIV option B+ guidelines [2017]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Efficacy of WHO recommendation for continued breastfeeding and maternal cART for prevention of perinatal and postnatal HIV transmission in Zambia [2015]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • HIV/AIDS in pregnancy and newborn
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Breastfeeding