Family planning

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Contraception use, contraceptive prevalence

Afghanistan

• BMC Women's Health
  • Uptake and predictors of contraceptive use in Afghan women [2015]

• Nagoya Journal of Medical Science
  • Factors influencing contraceptive use among women in Afghanistan: secondary analysis of Afghanistan Health Survey 2012 [2016]

• Scientific Reports
  • Factors influencing the uptake of short-term contraceptives among women in Afghanistan [2022]

Africa

• BMJ Open
  • Prevalence and factors associated with modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in 20 African countries: a large population-based study [2020]

• WHO African Region
  • Family planning health profiles - 2019 [2020]

Australia

• Reproductive Health
  • Patterns of contraceptive use among young Australian women with chronic disease: findings from a prospective cohort study [2022]

Bangladesh

• BMC Public Health
  • Prevalence and determinants of contraceptive method use among Bangladeshi women of reproductive age: a multilevel multinomial analysis [2022]

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Comparison of two survey methods for estimating unplanned pregnancy, Bangladesh [2024]

• International Journal of Public Health
  • Women's Sexual Empowerment and Its Relationship to Contraceptive Use in Bangladesh: Findings From a Recent National Survey [2023]

• Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
  • Contraceptive uses among married women in Bangladesh: a systematic review and meta-analyses [2024]

• PLoS ONE
  • Regional variations of contraceptive use in Bangladesh: A disaggregate analysis by place of residence [2020]

• Scientific Reports
  • Exploring rise of pregnancy in Bangladesh resulting from contraceptive failure [2022]

Benin

• BMC Women's Health
  • Socioeconomic inequalities in modern contraceptive use among women in Benin: a decomposition analysis [2023]

Brazil

• Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
  • Contraception use and family planning inequalities among Brazilian women [2021]

• Revista de Saúde Pública
  • Use of and access to oral and injectable contraceptives in Brazil [2016]

Burkina Faso

• BMC Public Health
  • Empowerment and use of modern contraceptive methods among married women in Burkina Faso: a multilevel analysis [2021]

• Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
  • Prevalence of non-preferred family planning methods among reproductive-aged women in Burkina Faso: results from a cross-sectional, population-based study [2023]

Burundi

• Demographic and Health Surveys
  • Fertility and Family Planning Characteristics of Contraceptive Clusters in Burundi [2020]

• PLoS ONE
  • Women's contraceptive profiles in Burundi: Knowledge, attitudes, and interactions with media and health services [2022]

Cameroon

• PLoS ONE
  • A subnational socioeconomic assessment of family planning levels, projections, and disparities among married women of reproductive age in Cameroon [2025]

• Scientific Reports
  • Family structure factors influencing modern contraceptive use in Cameroon based on analysis of 2018-2019 demographic and health survey data [2025]

Canada

• Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
  • Canadian Contraception Consensus Chapter 1 Contraception in Canada [2015]

Democratic Republic of Congo

• BMC Women's Health
  • Relationship between women’s decision-making power over their own health care and use of modern contraception in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a cross-sectional secondary data analysis [2021]

Developing countries

• Global Health: Science and Practice
  • Contraceptive Method Mix: Updates and Implications [2020]

East Africa

• PLoS ONE
  • Pooled prevalence and determinants of modern contraceptive utilization in East Africa: A Multi-country Analysis of recent Demographic and Health Surveys [2021]

Ethiopia

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Prevalence and determinants of unintended childbirth in Ethiopia [2014]

• BMC Public Health
  • Joint decision on contraceptive use and determinant factors among married women of reproductive ages (15-49) in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis using Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey; 2016 data [2024]

• BMC Women's Health
  • Trend, geographical distribution, and determinants of modern contraceptive use among married reproductive-age women, based on the 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey [2023]
  • Modern contraception utilization and associated factors among all women aged 15-49 in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey [2023]
  • Individual and community level factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization among married women in the emerging region of Ethiopia: a multilevel mixed effects analysis of the 2019 Ethiopia Mini-Demographic and health survey [2023]
  • Modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: evidence from 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey [2020]

• BMJ Open
  • Trend and determinants of unplanned pregnancy among expectant mothers in Ethiopia based on the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (2000-2016) data: a cross-sectional study [2024]
  • Spatial variations and associated factors of modern contraceptive use in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis [2020]

• Contraception and Reproductive Medicine
  • Unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia and its association with occupational status of women and discussion to her partner: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

• Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences
  • Factors Affecting Contraceptive Use in Ethiopian: A Generalized Linear Mixed Effect Model [2021]

• Frontiers in Global Women's Health
  • Spatial disparities and determinants of modern contraceptive use among reproductive age women in Ethiopia: application of multilevel spatial analysis [2025]

• Global Health Action
  • Trends in contraceptive use and distribution of births with demographic risk factors in Ethiopia: a sub-national analysis [2015]

• International Journal of Public Health
  • Evolving Landscape of Modern Contraceptive Use in Ethiopia: A Two-Decade Analysis [2025]

• Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
  • Modern contraceptive use and associated factors among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: multilevel analysis evidence from 2019 Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey [2023]

• Open Access Journal of Contraception
  • Prevalence and Predictors of Contraceptive Use Among Women of Premenopausal Period in Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Data Analysis [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among younger and older married youth women in Ethiopia: Evidence from Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019 [2024]
  • Modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among street working reproductive age women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Determinants of unmet need for contraceptive method among young married women in Ethiopia: Multilevel analysis of Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016 [2024]
  • Utilization of family planning and associated factors among women with disabilities in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Short birth spacing and its association with maternal educational status, contraceptive use, and duration of breastfeeding in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
  • Contraceptive use among women with no fertility intention in Ethiopia [2020]
  • Trends of Modern Contraceptive Use among Young Married Women Based on the 2000, 2005, and 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys: A Multivariate Decomposition Analysis [2015]

• Reproductive Health
  • Prevalence and associated factors of contraceptive discontinuation among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: using 2016 Nationwide Survey Data [2020]

• Scientific Reports
  • Trend and multivariate decomposition analysis of modern contraceptive utilization among women in Ethiopia [2025]

• Systematic Reviews
  • Contraceptive dynamics among women with disabilities of reproductive age in Ethiopia: systematic review [2024]

Europe

• European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
  • Why after 50 years of effective contraception do we still have unintended pregnancy? A European perspective [2018]

France

• BMC Women's Health
  • A rise in births following contraceptive failure in France between 2010 and 2016: results from the French national perinatal surveys [2021]

• Contraception
  • Impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on contraception use in 2020 and up until the end of April 2021 in France [2022]

• JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
  • Contraceptive Use Measured in a National Population-Based Approach: Cross-Sectional Study of Administrative Versus Survey Data [2024]

Gambia

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Prevalence and factors associated with unplanned pregnancy in The Gambia: findings from 2018 population-based survey [2022]

Ghana

• PLoS ONE
  • Contraceptive use by number of living children in Ghana: Evidence from the 2017 maternal health survey [2024]
  • Spatial variations and socioeconomic determinants of modern contraceptive use in Ghana: A Bayesian multilevel analysis [2020]

India

• BMC Public Health
  • Effect of contraception uptake on pregnancy outcomes among young women: evidence from the Indian demographic health surveys [2025]
  • Socio-economic inequalities in non-use of modern contraceptives among young and non-young married women in India [2023]

• BMC Women's Health
  • Spatial distribution and factors influencing modern contraceptive practice among tribal married women in India: evidence from National Family Health Survey 5 (2019-2021) [2023]
  • Levels, patterns and determinants of using reversible contraceptives for limiting family planning in India: evidence from National Family Health Survey, 2015-16 [2022]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Levels and trends in contraceptive prevalence, unmet need, and demand for family planning for 29 states and union territories in India: a modelling study using the Family Planning Estimation Tool [2017]

• PLoS ONE
  • Mass media exposure and use of reversible modern contraceptives among married women in India: An analysis of the NFHS 2015–16 data [2021]

• Reproductive Health
  • Spatial heterogeneity in discontinuation of modern spacing method in districts of India [2021]
  • Modern contraceptive use among women in need of family planning in India: an analysis of the inequalities related to the mix of methods used [2021]

Indonesia

• BMC Women's Health
  • Determinants of contraceptive use prior to onset of childbearing among ever-married women in Indonesia: a secondary data analysis [2025]

• Demographic and Health Surveys
  • Determinants of Contraceptive Discontinuation in Indonesia: Further Analysis of the 2017 Demographic and Health Survey [2019]

International

• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Mobile phone-based interventions for improving contraception use [2023]

• Frontiers in Global Women's Health
  • Assessing the impact of contraceptive use on reproductive cancer risk among women of reproductive age—a systematic review [2024]

• Global Health: Science and Practice
  • “New Users” Are Confusing Our Counting: Reaching Consensus on How to Measure “Additional Users” of Family Planning [2017]

• Lancet
  • Measuring contraceptive method mix, prevalence, and demand satisfied by age and marital status in 204 countries and territories, 1970-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 [2022]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Trends in sexual activity and demand for and use of modern contraceptive methods in 74 countries: a retrospective analysis of nationally representative surveys [2020]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Estimating progress towards meeting women’s contraceptive needs in 185 countries: A Bayesian hierarchical modelling study [2020]

• PLoS ONE
  • A meta-analysis into the mediatory effects of family planning utilization on complications of pregnancy in women of reproductive age [2024]

• Studies in Family Planning
  • Global Contraceptive Failure Rates: Who Is Most at Risk? [2019]

• United Nations
  • World Contraceptive Use

Iran

• Journal of Marriage and Family
  • Family Change and Continuity in Iran: Birth Control Use Before First Pregnancy [2009]

Jordan

• Demographic and Health Surveys
  • Further Analysis of Family Planning in Jordan (AB19) - Analysis Brief [2021]
  • Jordan Family Planning Questions [2020]
  • Intention to Use Contraceptives in Jordan: Further Analysis of the Jordan Population and Family Health Survey 2017-18 [2020]
  • Fertility Preferences and Contraceptive Behaviors among Ever-married Women and Men: An Analysis of the 2017-18 Jordan Population and Family Health Survey [2020]
  • Determinants of Modern Contraceptive Use in Jordan: Further Analysis of the Jordan Population and Family Health Survey 2017-18 [2020]

• Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
  • Are users of modern and traditional contraceptive methods in Jordan different? [2018]

Kenya

• African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine
  • Prevalence of and factors associated with contraceptive discontinuation in Kenya [2022]

• BMC Public Health
  • How does the rise in contraceptive usage predict pregnancy termination among young women in Kenya? an in-depth multilevel analysis [2025]
  • Prevalence and factors associated with covert contraceptive use in Kenya: a cross-sectional study [2021]

• Demographic and Health Surveys
  • Determinants of Unmet Need for Family Planning among Women in Kenya: Insights from the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey [2024]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Trends and Contributing Factors to Contraceptive Use in Kenya: A Large Population-Based Survey 1989 to 2014 [2020]

• Reproductive Health
  • Modern contraceptive use among migrant and non-migrant women in Kenya [2016]

Liberia

• BMJ Open
  • Prevalence and factors associated with the intention to use contraception among women of reproductive age who are not already using a contraceptive method in Liberia: findings from a secondary analysis of the 2019-2020 Liberia Demographic Health Survey [2023]

Low and middle income countries

• BMC Women's Health
  • A scoping review on determinants of unmet need for family planning among women of reproductive age in low and middle income countries [2016]

• Demographic and Health Surveys
  • Contraceptive Use, Method Mix, and Method Availability: A Multilevel Analysis [2020]

• Global Health: Science and Practice
  • Effectiveness of mHealth Interventions for Improving Contraceptive Use in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review [2020]

• Journal of Global Health
  • Reported evidence on the effectiveness of mass media interventions in increasing knowledge and use of family planning in low and middle-income countries: a systematic mixed methods review [2019]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Progress in reducing socioeconomic inequalities in the use of modern contraceptives in 48 focus countries as part of the FP2030 initiative between 1990 and 2020: a population-based analysis [2025]

• Reproductive Health
  • Socio-demographic and economic inequalities in modern contraception in 11 low- and middle-income countries: an analysis of the PMA2020 surveys [2020]
  • Demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods among sexually active women in low- and middle-income countries: who is lagging behind? [2018]
  • Behaviour change techniques and contraceptive use in low and middle income countries: a review [2015]

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Effectiveness of demand generation interventions on use of modern contraceptives in low- and middle-income countries [2016]

Moldova

• BMJ Open
  • Contraceptive confidence and timing of first birth in Moldova: an event history analysis of retrospective data [2014]

Myanmar

• Demographic and Health Surveys
  • Factors that Affect the Discontinuation of Family Planning Methods in Myanmar: Analysis of the 2015-16 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey [2019]

• PLoS ONE
  • Utilization of modern contraceptive methods and its determinants among youth in Myanmar: Analysis of Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (2015-2016) [2021]

Nepal

• Demographic and Health Surveys
  • Factors Associated with Stagnation in Modern Contraceptive Use, Declining Fertility, Increased Use of Traditional Methods, and Induced Abortion, 2016–2022 Nepal DHS Surveys [2024]
  • Unmet Need for Family Planning and Fertility in Nepal: Levels, Trends, and Determinants [2019]

• Scientific World Journal
  • Spousal Separation and Use of and Unmet Need for Contraception in Nepal: Results Based on a 2016 Survey [2020]

Nigeria

• BMC Public Health
  • Sub-national levels and trends in contraceptive prevalence, unmet need, and demand for family planning in Nigeria with survey uncertainty [2019]
  • Access to mass media messages, and use of family planning in Nigeria: a spatio-demographic analysis from the 2013 DHS [2016]

• BMC Women's Health
  • Factors influencing the use of modern contraceptive in Nigeria: a multilevel logistic analysis using linked data from performance monitoring and accountability 2020 [2020]

• BMJ Open
  • Survival analysis of time to uptake of modern contraceptives among sexually active women of reproductive age in Nigeria [2015]

• Global Health Action
  • Contraceptive use and distribution of high-risk births in Nigeria: a sub-national analysis [2015]

• International Journal of Women's Health
  • Sexual autonomy and contraceptive use among women in Nigeria: findings from the Demographic and Health Survey data [2017]

Pakistan

• Demographic and Health Surveys
  • Trends, Differentials, and Determinants of Modern Contraceptive Use in Pakistan, 1990-2018 [2020]

• F1000Research
  • Prevalence and determinants of contraception use in Pakistan: trend analysis from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS) dataset from 1990 to 2018 [2021]

• Health Research Policy and Systems
  • Raising the contraceptive prevalence rate to 50% by 2025 in Pakistan: an analysis of number of users and service delivery channels [2023]

• PLoS ONE
  • Socio-Economic Disparities in Use of Family Planning Methods among Pakistani Women: Findings from Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys [2016]

Papua New Guinea

• BMJ Open
  • Wealth-related inequalities in the utilisation of modern contraceptives in Papua New Guinea: evidence from the 2016-2018 Demographic and Health Survey data [2024]

Peru

• BMC Public Health
  • Associated factors, inequalities, and spatial distribution of the use of modern contraceptive methods among women of reproductive age in Peru: a population-based cross-sectional study [2022]

Republic of Guinea

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Prevalence and factors associated with intention to use contraceptives among women of reproductive age: a multilevel analysis of the 2018 Guinea demographic and health survey [2024]

Republic of Korea

• Yonsei Medical Journal
  • Perceptions and Knowledge of Women Regarding Contraception and Current Trends in Contraceptive Use in Korea [2022]

Rwanda

• BMC Women's Health
  • Discontinuation of family planning use among women of reproductive age in Rwanda: analysis from three Rwandan Demographic Health Survey (RDHS) 2010-2020 [2024]

• Reproductive Health
  • Trends and socio-demographic components of modern contraceptive use among sexually active women in Rwanda: a multivariate decomposition analysis [2022]

Saudi Arabia

• BMC Women's Health
  • Factors influencing family planning decisions in Saudi Arabia [2025]

Senegal

• BMC Public Health
  • Modern contraceptive utilization and its associated factors among married women in Senegal: a multilevel analysis [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Utilization of modern contraceptive methods among women of reproductive age in Senegal: A multilevel mixed-effects analysis [2025]

• Scientific Reports
  • Examining trends in family planning among harder-to-reach women in Senegal 1992–2014 [2017]

• Studies in Family Planning
  • Did COVID-19 Impact Contraceptive Uptake? Evidence from Senegal [2022]

Sierra Leone

• PLoS ONE
  • Complex samples logistic regression analysis of predictors of the current use of modern contraceptive among married or in-union women in Sierra Leone: Insight from the 2013 demographic and health survey [2020]

• Reproductive Health
  • Trends and inequalities in modern contraceptive use among women in Sierra Leone, 2008-2019 [2024]

Somaliland

• PLoS ONE
  • Multilevel analysis on prevalence and associated factors of modern contraceptive uptake in Somaliland: based on The Somaliland Health and Demographic Survey 2020 [2024]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• BMC Public Health
  • Intention to use contraceptives and its correlates among reproductive age women in selected high fertility sub-saharan Africa countries: a multilevel mixed effects analysis [2023]

• BMJ Global Health
  • How the internet increases modern contraception uptake: evidence from eight sub-Saharan African countries [2020]

• BMJ Open
  • Trends in fertility intentions and contraceptive practices in the context of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: insights from four national and regional population-based cohorts [2023]

• Journal of Global Health
  • Association of collective attitudes and contraceptive practice in nine sub-Saharan African countries [2020]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Trends in contraceptive prevalence rates in sub-Saharan Africa since the 2012 London Summit on Family Planning: results from repeated cross-sectional surveys [2019]

• Reproductive Health
  • Women empowerment as an enabling factor of contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis of cross-sectional surveys of 32 countries [2018]

• Scientific Reports
  • Multinomial multilevel analysis of factors affecting the use of modern contraceptives in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from 2015 to 2023 Demographic Health Survey [2025]

Tanzania

• BMC Public Health
  • Application of variance components to the identification of determinants of modern contraceptive use in the Tanzania demographic and health survey data [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Trends and predictors of changes in modern contraceptive use among women aged 15–49 years in Tanzania from 2004–2016: Evidence from Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys [2020]

Uganda

• BMC Public Health
  • Multilevel mixed effects analysis of individual and community level factors associated with modern contraceptive use among married women in Uganda [2021]

United Kingdom

• BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health
  • Time trends in contraceptive prescribing in UK primary care 2000-2018: a repeated cross-sectional study [2022]

United States

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Contraceptive Methods Women Have Ever Used: United States, 2015-2019 [2023]
  • Current Contraceptive Status Among Women Aged 15–49: United States, 2017–2019 [2020]
  • Contraceptive Use Among Women at Risk for Unintended Pregnancy in the Context of Public Health Emergencies — United States, 2016 [2018]
  • Current Contraceptive Use and Variation by Selected Characteristics Among Women Aged 15-44: United States, 2011-2013 [2015]
  • Contraceptive Use

• Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
  • Changing US trends in contraceptive choices [2021]

• Contraception
  • Pandemic changes in U.S. contraceptive use: National survey estimates reveal significant differences by demographic subgroups [2025]
  • Immigration policy climate and contraceptive use among Mexican-origin women in the United States: Support for the "spill-over" hypothesis [2025]

• JAMA Network Open
  • Contraception Usage and Workforce Trends Through 2022 [2024]

• Journal of Health Communication
  • mHealth Interventions for Contraceptive Behavior Change in the United States: A Systematic Review [2022]

• Journal of Hypertension
  • Hypertension and contraceptive use among women of child-bearing age in the United States from 2001 to 2018 [2022]

• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Office of Population Affairs
  • Family Planning Annual Report

Vietnam

• Global Health Action
  • Use of modern contraceptives among married women in Vietnam: a multilevel analysis using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (2011) and the Vietnam Population and Housing Census (2009) [2016]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Expanding contraceptive choice [2017]

Yemen

• BMJ Open
  • Prevalence and factors associated with the utilisation of modern contraceptive methods among married women of childbearing age in Yemen: a secondary analysis of national survey data [2023]

Zambia

• BMC Women's Health
  • A cross-sectional study of women's autonomy and modern contraception use in Zambia [2022]

• Reproductive Health
  • Inequality in modern contraceptive use and unmet need for contraception among women of reproductive age in Zambia. A trend and decomposition analysis 2007-2018 [2024]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Family planning, contraception
  • Family planning services