Family planning

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Family planning services

Afghanistan

• United Nations Population Fund
  • UNFPA Afghanistan | Family Planning

Africa

• PLoS ONE
  • Factors Determining Quality of Care in Family Planning Services in Africa: A Systematic Review of Mixed Evidence [2016]

• WHO African Region
  • A Guide to Identifying and Documenting Best Practices in Family Planning Programmes [2017]

Benin

• International Health
  • Unmet need for contraception among women in Benin: a cross-sectional analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey [2024]

Bhutan

• Ministry of Health Bhutan
  • National Family Planning Standards [2018]

Brazil

• Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
  • Contraceptive counseling during the pandemic: practical guidelines [2021]

Burkina Faso

• Journal of Global Health
  • Does abolishing user fees for family planning increase contraception use? An impact evaluation of the national policy in Burkina Faso [2022]

Canada

• Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
  • Coercion Free Contraceptive Care [2021]
  • Canadian Contraception Consensus Chapter 2 Contraceptive Care and Access [2015]

Democratic Republic of Congo

• Global Health: Science and Practice
  • Availability and Quality of Family Planning Services in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: High Potential for Improvement [2017]
  • Family Planning Policy Environment in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Levers of Positive Change and Prospects for Sustainability [2015]

• PLoS ONE
  • Prevalence and factors associated with unmet need for family planning among women of reproductive age (15-49) in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A multilevel mixed-effects analysis [2022]

Developing countries

• World Health Organization
  • Accelerating uptake of voluntary, rights-based family planning in developing countries [2017]

East Africa

• PLoS ONE
  • Informed choice of modern Contraceptive Methods and determinant factors among reproductive age women in Eastern Africa countries: A multilevel analysis of demographic and health survey [2025]

Egypt

• World Health Organization
  • Impact of provider incentive payments on reproductive health services in Egypt : policy brief [2009]

Eswatini

• Ministry of Health Eswatini
  • Strategic assessment on unintended pregnancies, contraception and post abortion care [2023]

Ethiopia

• Archives of Public Health
  • Predictors of unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia 2019: a systematic review and meta analysis [2020]

• BMC Public Health
  • Spatial variation and associated factors of unmet need for family planning among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, insights from 2021 PMA-Ethiopia data: multilevel logistic regression analysis [2025]

• BMC Women's Health
  • Prevalence and associated factors of client satisfaction with family planning service among family planning users in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

• Global Health Action
  • A multilevel analysis on the predictors of client satisfaction with family planning services in Ethiopia: evidence from the Ethiopian service provision assessment (ESPA) 2021/22 [2025]

• International Journal for Equity in Health
  • Paving the way for universal family planning coverage in Ethiopia: an analysis of wealth related inequality [2015]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Effective Coverage of Modern Contraceptive Use in Ethiopia: An Ecological Linking Analysis of Service Provision Assessment and National Health Equity Surveys [2024]
  • Structural Quality of Services and Use of Family Planning Services in Primary Health Care Facilities in Ethiopia. How Do Public and Private Facilities Compare? [2020]

• Ministry of Health Ethiopia
  • National Family Planning Communication Guideline [2021]
  • Family Planning Service Integration National Implementation Guideline [2021]
  • National Guideline for Family Planning Services In Ethiopia [2020]

• PLoS ONE
  • Magnitude and associated factors of unmet need for family planning among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia: An umbrella review [2024]
  • Trends and predictors of change of unmet need for family planning among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, based on Ethiopian demographic and health surveys from 2005-2016: Multivariable decomposition analysis [2022]
  • Trend and determinants of quality of family planning counseling in Ethiopia: Evidence from repeated PMA cross-sectional surveys, (2014-2019) [2022]
  • Quality of Family Planning Counseling in Ethiopia: Trends and determinants of information received by female modern contraceptive users, evidence from national survey data, (2014- 2018) [2020]
  • Client and facility level determinants of quality of care in family planning services in Ethiopia: Multilevel modelling [2017]

• Reproductive Health
  • Integration of family planning into the primary health care in Ethiopia: results from national assessment [2024]
  • Two decades of family planning in Ethiopia and the way forward to sustain hard-fought gains! [2022]

• Scientific Reports
  • Prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy among rural reproductive age women in Ethiopia [2025]

• Social Science & Medicine
  • Providing universal access to modern contraceptive methods: An extended cost-effectiveness analysis of meeting the demand for modern contraception in Ethiopia [2021]

Europe

• European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
  • Variations in sexual and reproductive health services for the provision of comprehensive contraceptive and abortion services across Europe: A questionnaire-based study commissioned by the European Board and College of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (EBCOG) and European Society of Contraception (ESC) [2024]

France

• Contraception
  • Low-income women and use of prescribed contraceptives in the context of full health insurance coverage in France, 2019 [2023]

Ghana

• BMC Public Health
  • Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods in Ghana: trends and inequalities (2013-2022) [2025]

• Reproductive Health
  • Spatial distribution and factors associated with unmet need for contraception among women in Ghana [2025]

High-income countries

• BMC Public Health
  • Contraceptive access and use among women with migratory experience living in high-income countries: a scoping review [2024]

India

• Global Public Health
  • The impact of accredited social health activists in India on uptake of modern contraception: A nationally representative multilevel modelling study [2024]

• Indian Journal of Medical Research
  • Cost of providing family planning services & management of pregnancy outcomes at public health facilities in India [2022]
  • Priority strategies for India's family planning programme [2014]

• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
  • Guidelines for provision of Family Planning services during and post COVID-19 Pandemic [2021]

• Reproductive Health
  • Trends in prevalence of unmet need for family planning in India: patterns of change across 36 States and Union Territories, 1993-2021 [2024]

India, Sub-Saharan Africa

• Global Health: Science and Practice
  • Trends in and Correlates of Short-Acting Contraceptive Stock-Outs: Multicountry Analysis of Performance Monitoring for Action Agile Platform Data [2024]

Indonesia

• BMC Public Health
  • The role of structural and process quality of family planning Care in Modern Contraceptive use in Indonesia: a multilevel analysis [2021]

• BMC Women's Health
  • The use of Method Information Index (MII) to monitor the amount of information given to women users of modern contraceptives in Indonesia: results from an analysis of the 2007, 2012 and 2017 demographic and health surveys [2022]

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Health insurance and contraceptive use, Indonesian Family Planning Census 2021 [2023]

• Gates Open Research
  • National health insurance contribution to family planning program funding in Indonesia: A fund flow analysis [2024]

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
  • Role of Information and Communication Technology and Women’s Empowerment in Contraceptive Discontinuation in Indonesia [2020]

International

• BioMed Research International
  • Getting Up to Date with What Works: A Systematic Review on the Effectiveness and Safety of Task Sharing of Modern Methods in Family Planning Services [2023]

• BMC Women's Health
  • Implementation strategies, facilitators, and barriers to scaling up and sustaining demand generation in family planning, a mixed-methods systematic review [2023]

• BMJ Global Health
  • Aligning health worker education and learning approaches with population health needs: WHO's Family Planning and Comprehensive Abortion Care Toolkit for the primary healthcare workforce - PubMed [2023]

• BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health
  • Strengthening contraceptive counselling: gaps in knowledge and implementation research [2022]
  • Defining counselling in contraceptive information and services: outcomes from an expert think tank [2022]
  • A systematic review of the effectiveness of counselling strategies for modern contraceptive methods: what works and what doesn't? [2020]

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Expanding equity measurements of family planning beyond wealth status and contraceptive use [2021]

• Contraception
  • Contraceptive values and preferences of pregnant women, postpartum women, women seeking emergency contraceptives, and women seeking abortion services: A systematic review [2022]

• Global Health: Science and Practice
  • Provider Bias in Family Planning Services: A Review of Its Meaning and Manifestations [2019]

• International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
  • The impact of cascade training-A FIGO and WHO Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research collaboration to improve access to quality family planning globally [2024]
  • FIGO-ICM Joint statement on contraception [2024]
  • FIGO and ICM joint statement on contraception: 2024 [2024]
  • COVID-19 Contraception and Family Planning [2020]

• International Planned Parenthood Federation
  • IMAP statement on expanding access and contraceptive choice through integrated sexual and reproductive health services [2019]

• Reproductive Health
  • Participatory approaches involving community and healthcare providers in family planning/contraceptive information and service provision: a scoping review [2016]

• United Nations
  • Family Planning and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development [2019]

• United Nations Population Fund
  • Human Rights-based Approach to Family Planning: Support Tool [2023]
  • Global Sexual and Reproductive Health Package for Men and Adolescent Boys [2017]

Iran

• Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research
  • The impact of an educational program based on BASNEF model on the selection of a contraceptive method in women [2015]

Jordan

• Women's Health
  • Family planning interventions in Jordan: A scoping review [2023]

Kenya

• Contraception
  • Provider barriers to family planning access in urban Kenya [2015]

• Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
  • Evaluating the impact of social franchising on family planning use in Kenya [2016]

• Ministry of Health Kenya
  • National Family Planning Standard for Health Care Facilities [2021]
  • National Family Planning Guidelines for Service Providers [2018]
  • National Guidelines for Quantification, Procurement and Pipeline Monitoring for Family Planning Commodities in Kenya [2016]

• PLoS ONE
  • Demand satisfied by modern contraceptive among married women of reproductive age in Kenya [2021]
  • Community Dialogue to Shift Social Norms and Enable Family Planning: An Evaluation of the Family Planning Results Initiative in Kenya [2016]

Laos

• Global Health Action
  • Quality of family planning services for women of reproductive age in Lao PDR [2020]

Low and middle income countries

• BMC Public Health
  • Community based reproductive health interventions for young married couples in resource-constrained settings: a systematic review [2015]

• BMJ Open
  • Incidence of unintended pregnancy among female sex workers in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2018]

• European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care
  • Contraception supply chain challenges: a review of evidence from low- and middle-income countries [2017]

• Frontiers in Global Women's Health
  • Urban Family Planning in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Critical Scoping Review [2021]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Policies for expanding family planning coverage: lessons from five successful countries [2024]

• Global Health: Science and Practice
  • National Policy Influences of Contraceptive Prevalence and Method Mix Strategy: A Longitudinal Analysis of 59 Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2010-2021 [2024]
  • Inequities in Family Planning in Low- and Middle-Income Countries [2023]
  • Where Women Access Contraception in 36 Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Why It Matters [2022]
  • Routine Family Planning Data in the Low- and Middle-Income Country Context: A Synthesis of Findings From 17 Small Research Grants [2020]

• International Journal for Equity in Health
  • Family planning for urban slums in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of interventions/service delivery models and their impact [2021]

• Journal of Global Health
  • Quality adjusted coverage of family planning services in low- and middle-income countries: Analysis of 33 countries using Demographic and Health Survey data [2024]
  • Magnitude, determinants, and adverse outcomes of unintended pregnancy among pregnant mothers in low- and middle-income countries: An umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Time trends in demand for family planning satisfied: analysis of 73 countries using national health surveys over a 24-year period [2019]

• PLoS ONE
  • Economic Evaluation of Family Planning Interventions in Low and Middle Income Countries; A Systematic Review [2016]

• Reproductive Health
  • Does women’s age matter in the SDGs era: coverage of demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods and institutional delivery in 91 low- and middle-income countries [2020]
  • Optimizing the delivery of contraceptives in low- and middle-income countries through task shifting: a systematic review of effectiveness and safety [2015]

• Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
  • Impacts of COVID-19 on contraceptive and abortion services in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review [2022]

Maldives

• Ministry of Health Maldives
  • National Standards for Family Planning Services [2021]

Mali

• Reproductive Health
  • Women's healthcare decision-making and unmet need for contraception in Mali [2022]

Mexico

• Reproductive Health
  • Client, provider, and visit factors associated with quality in contraceptive counseling in Mexico: an exploratory cross-sectional analysis [2021]

Myanmar

• Ministry of Health and Sports
  • Family Planning Guideline For Service Providers [2018]

Nepal

• Center for Research on Environment Health and Population Activities
  • Adding It Up: Costs and Benefits of Meeting the Contraceptive and Maternal and Newborn Health Needs of Women in Nepal [2019]

• PLoS ONE
  • Unmet need for family planning and associated factors among currently married women in Nepal: A further analysis of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey-2022 [2024]

Nigeria

• BMC Women's Health
  • A narrative review of evidence to support increased domestic resource mobilization for family planning in Nigeria [2023]

• Sociology of Health & Illness
  • Family planning policy and gender in Nigeria: A thematic analysis of the government's health policy perspective [2025]

Nigeria, Pakistan

• BMJ Open
  • Strengthening contraceptive counselling services to empower clients and meet their needs: protocol for a two-stage, multiphase complex intervention in Pakistan and Nigeria [2024]

Pacific Islands

• PLoS ONE
  • Family planning in Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs): A scoping review [2021]

Pakistan

• BMC Women's Health
  • Access and knowledge of contraceptives and unmet need for family planning in Pakistan [2024]
  • Demand- and supply-side factors associated with the use of contraceptive methods in Pakistan: a comparative study of demographic and health surveys, 1990–2018 [2020]

• Frontiers in Global Women's Health
  • Utilization of social franchising in family planning services: a Pakistan perspective [2024]

• Reproductive Health
  • Engaging with community-based public and private mid-level providers for promoting the use of modern contraceptive methods in rural Pakistan: results from two innovative birth spacing interventions [2016]
  • National program for family planning and primary health care Pakistan: a SWOT analysis [2013]

• Rural and Remote Health
  • Fertility patterns in Pakistan: a comparative analysis of family planning trends across different geographic regions [2024]

Papua New Guinea

• Reproductive Health
  • Unmet need for contraception and its associated factors among women in Papua New Guinea: analysis from the demographic and health survey [2022]

Philippines

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Legal changes and evidence on unmet need for contraception, Philippines [2024]

• World Health Organization
  • Performance-based grants for reproductive health in the Philippines: policy brief [2011]

Rwanda

• Ministry of Health Rwanda
  • National Family Planning Guidelines and Standards [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Family planning demand generation in Rwanda: Government efforts at the national and community level impact interpersonal communication and family norms [2022]

Saudi Arabia

• Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia
  • Family Planning National Guidelines for Health Providers [2023]

Senegal

• Contraception
  • The Senegal urban reproductive health initiative: a longitudinal program impact evaluation [2018]

• Global Health: Science and Practice
  • Strengthening Government Leadership in Family Planning Programming in Senegal: From Proof of Concept to Proof of Implementation in 2 Districts [2016]

Sierra Leone

• BMC Women's Health
  • Determinants of quality contraceptive counselling information among young women in Sierra Leone: insights from the 2019 Sierra Leone demographic health survey [2023]

Somalia

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Improving the uptake of contraception, Somalia [2024]

South Asia

• BMC Women's Health
  • Effective strategies for increasing the uptake of modern methods of family planning in South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

South-East Asia

• BMJ Open
  • Understanding the association between family planning and fertility reduction in Southeast Asia: a scoping review [2024]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Pooled prevalence and determinants of informed choice of contraceptive methods among reproductive age women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel analysis [2022]

• Global Health: Science and Practice
  • Assessment of Family Planning Service Availability and Readiness in 10 African Countries [2018]

• PLoS ONE
  • Factors associated with unmet need for family planning in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel multinomial logistic regression analysis [2022]

• Reproductive Health
  • Design and initial implementation of the WHO FP umbrella project- to strengthen contraceptive services in the sub Saharan Africa [2017]

• Science Advances
  • U.S. global health aid policy and family planning in sub-Saharan Africa [2023]

Tajikistan

• Central Asian Journal of Global Health
  • Family Planning in the Republic of Tajikistan: A narrative review from Soviet times to 2017 [2020]

Tanzania

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Trends and Drivers of Unmet Need for Family Planning in Currently Married Tanzanian Women between 1999 and 2016 [2023]

• Ministry of Health Tanzania
  • National Family Planning Guidelines and Standards [2013]

• Reproductive Health
  • Client satisfaction with family planning services in the area of high unmet need: evidence from Tanzania Service Provision Assessment Survey, 2014-2015 [2018]

Tanzania, Uganda

• Global Health: Science and Practice
  • Adaptation of the Training Resource Package to Strengthen Preservice Family Planning Training for Nurses and Midwives in Tanzania and Uganda [2018]

Uganda

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Exploring the association between unintended pregnancies and unmet contraceptive needs among Ugandan women of reproductive age: an analysis of the 2016 Uganda demographic and health survey [2024]

• Contraception and Reproductive Medicine
  • Cost-effectiveness of increased contraceptive coverage using family planning benefits cards compared with the standard of care for young women in Uganda [2023]

• Frontiers in Global Women's Health
  • What does your partner want? Using a gender equality lens to assess partner support and involvement in family planning in Uganda [2024]

• Global Health: Science and Practice
  • Partnerships for Policy Development: A Case Study From Uganda’s Costed Implementation Plan for Family Planning [2016]

• Guttmacher Institute
  • Contraception and Unintended Pregnancy in Uganda [2013]

• Ministry of Health Uganda
  • National Family Planning Advocacy Strategy & Costed Implementation Plan 2020/21 – 2024/25 [2021]
  • The Family Planning Research and Learning Agenda for Uganda 2021–2025 [2020]

United Kingdom

• BMC Public Health
  • Enabling women to access preferred methods of contraception: a rapid review and behavioural analysis [2021]

• BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health
  • Influences on ethnic minority women's experiences and access to contraception in the UK: a systematic qualitative evidence synthesis [2025]

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Contraceptive services for under 25s [2014]

• NHS Digital
  • Sexual and Reproductive Health Services (Contraception)

• Public Health England
  • Contraceptive services: estimating the return on investment

United States

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • Patient-Centered Contraceptive Counseling [2022]

• American Journal of Public Health
  • Telehealth for Contraceptive Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a 2021 National Survey [2022]
  • Projecting the Unmet Need and Costs for Contraception Services After the Affordable Care Act [2016]

• Annals of Internal Medicine
  • Effectiveness and Harms of Contraceptive Counseling and Provision Interventions for Women : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2022]

• Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
  • Insurance Coverage for Contraceptives [2016]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Receipt of Family Planning Services in the United States: 2022-2023 [2024]
  • Need for Contraceptive Services Among Women of Reproductive Age — 45 Jurisdictions, United States, 2017–2019 [2021]
  • Update: Providing Quality Family Planning Services — Recommendations from CDC and the U.S. Office of Population Affairs, 2017 [2017]

• Contraception
  • Where do female contraceptive users get their methods, and does this differ by insurance coverage? A state-level examination [2025]

• JAMA
  • Decreasing Unintended Pregnancy: Opportunities Created by the Affordable Care Act [2016]

• Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Effects of the Affordable Care Act on Contraception, Pregnancy, and Pregnancy Termination Rates [2025]

• Preventive Medicine
  • COVID-19 and family planning service delivery: Findings from a survey of U.S. physicians [2021]

• Reproductive Health
  • Relationship between experiencing a challenge or delay accessing contraception and contraceptive self-efficacy: Data from a 2022 nationally representative online survey [2025]

• Society of Family Planning
  • Society of Family Planning Clinical Recommendations: Contraceptive Care in the Context of Pandemic Response [2022]

• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Office of Population Affairs
  • Providing Quality Family Planning Services in the United States: Recommendations of the U.S. Office of Population Affairs (Revised 2024) [2024]
  • Equity in Providing Quality Family Planning Services in the United States: Recommendations of the U.S. Office of Population Affairs (Revised 2024) [2024]

Vanuatu

• Reproductive Health
  • The case for investing in family planning in the Pacific: costs and benefits of reducing unmet need for contraception in Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands [2013]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Providing Family Planning Services During an Epidemic [2021]
  • WHO concise guide to implementing & scaling up family planning service improvements [2018]
  • Ensuring adequate financing of family planning commodities and services [2018]
  • Task sharing to improve access to Family Planning/Contraception [2017]
  • Quality of care in contraceptive information and services, based on human rights standards [2017]
  • Partnering with the private sector to strengthen provision of contraception [2017]
  • Monitoring human rights in contraceptive services and programmes [2017]
  • Improving family planning service delivery in humanitarian crises [2017]
  • Ensuring contraceptive security through effective supply chains [2017]
  • Ensuring human rights within contraceptive service delivery [2015]
  • Framework for ensuring human rights in the provision of contraceptive information [2014]
  • Ensuring human rights within contraceptive programmes [2014]
  • Ensuring human rights in the provision of contraceptive information and services [2014]
  • Task shifting to improve access to contraceptive methods: improve access to key maternal and newborn health interventions [2013]
  • A guide to family planning for community health workers and their clients [2012]
  • Scaling up health service delivery: from pilot innovations to policies and programmes [2007]
  • Access to quality family planning services

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

• Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
  • A review of family planning policies and services in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region Member States [2019]

• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • Summary report on the training workshop on strengthening family planning services through evidence-based guidelines and best practices, Tunis, Tunisia 13–16 November 2016 [2016]

WHO South-East Asia Region

• WHO South-East Asia Region
  • A Compendium of Decision-making Tools for Family Planning Clients and Providers [2023]

WHO Western Pacific Region

• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • Preventing unplanned pregnancies: implementation review and planning guide: outpatient family planning services [2024]

Zambia

• BMC Women's Health
  • Unmet need for family planning among married women in Zambia: lessons from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey [2022]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Family planning, contraception
  • Contraception use, contraceptive prevalence