Female genital neoplasms

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Cervical cancer: HPV testing

Africa

• PLoS ONE
  • Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes among African Women with Normal Cervical Cytology and Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2015]

Americas

• Pan American Health Organization
  • Integrating HPV testing in cervical cancer screening program: a manual for program managers [2016]

Asia-Pacific

• JCO Global Oncology
  • Self-Collection Cervical Screening in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Scoping Review of Implementation Evidence [2023]

Australia

• Australian Family Physician
  • HPV testing in the National Cervical Screening Program – when is it recommended? [2013]

• Australian Journal of General Practice
  • Human papillomavirus testing as part of the renewed National Cervical Screening Program [2018]

• BMJ
  • National experience in the first two years of primary human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical screening in an HPV vaccinated population in Australia: observational study [2022]

Bahrain

• BMC Cancer
  • An epidemiological study assessing the prevalence of human papillomavirus types in women in the Kingdom of Bahrain [2014]

Bangladesh

• BMC Public Health
  • The effect of hrHPV prevalence on cervical cancer screening strategies: a cost-effectiveness study of Bangladesh [2025]

Belgium

• Sciensano
  • Clinical Guidance: Supporting the introduction of the HPV test in cervical cancer screening in Belgium [2024]

Bhutan

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Human papillomavirus infection in Bhutan at the moment of implementation of a national HPV vaccination programme [2014]

Brazil

• PLoS ONE
  • Comparative evaluation of HPV genotyping: A study on the performance concordance between Anyplex II HPV28 detection and Linear Array genotyping tests in nationwide studies in Brazil [2024]

• Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
  • Cervical Cancer Screening with HPV Testing: Updates on the Recommendation [2022]
  • Guidelines for HPV-DNA Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening in Brazil [2018]

Canada

• Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
  • Self-Sampling Devices for HPV Testing [2021]
  • HPV Testing for Primary Cervical Cancer Screening: Recommendations Report [2019]

• Canadian Family Physician
  • Emerging role of HPV self-sampling in cervical cancer screening for hard-to-reach women [2017]

• Canadian Partnership Against Cancer
  • HPV screening and follow-up pathway

• Current Oncology
  • Canadian Guideline on the Management of a Positive Human Papillomavirus Test and Guidance for Specific Populations [2023]
  • Are Canadian Women Prepared for the Transition to Primary HPV Testing in Cervical Screening? A National Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs [2023]

• Government of Alberta
  • HPV self-sampling implementation strategies to engage under screened communities in cervical cancer screening: a scoping review to inform screening programs [2024]

• Ontario Health
  • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Testing in Ontario: Implementation Resource Hub

• Public Health Agency of Canada
  • Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

China

• Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
  • Prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in China: a meta-analysis [2020]

• BMC Medicine
  • Real-world effectiveness of primary screening with high-risk human papillomavirus testing in the cervical cancer screening programme in China: a nationwide, population-based study [2021]

• Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
  • Distribution of HPV types among women with HPV-related diseases and exploration of lineages and variants of HPV 52 and 58 among HPV-infected patients in China: A systematic literature review [2024]

• Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics
  • The prevalence of multiple or single HPV infection and genotype distribution in healthy Chinese women: A systemic review [2024]

Croatia

• PLoS ONE
  • Cervical HPV type-specific pre-vaccination prevalence and age distribution in Croatia [2017]

Denmark

• Cancer Medicine
  • Adherence to follow-up after the exit cervical cancer screening test at age 60-64: A nationwide register-based study [2022]

• Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease
  • HPV Test as Test of Cure After Conization for CIN2+: A Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study [2022]

• Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Human Papillomavirus Testing in the Last Cervical Screening Round at Age 60–64 Years [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Histological outcomes in HPV-screened elderly women in Denmark [2021]

El Salvador

• International Journal of Cancer
  • The comparative and cost-effectiveness of HPV-based cervical cancer screening algorithms in El Salvador [2015]

• Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease
  • Introducing a High-Risk HPV DNA Test Into a Public Sector Screening Program in El Salvador [2016]

Estonia

• JAMA Network Open
  • Prevaccination Prevalence of Type-Specific Human Papillomavirus Infection by Grade of Cervical Cytology in Estonia [2023]

Ethiopia

• Virology Journal
  • Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in Ethiopia: an updated systematic review [2022]

Europe

• Clinical Microbiology and Infection
  • Primary HPV-based cervical cancer screening in Europe: implementation status, challenges, and future plans [2020]

• Life
  • Methodologies of Primary HPV Testing Currently Applied for Cervical Cancer Screening [2020]

Finland

• BMC Women's Health
  • The costs of offering HPV-testing on self-taken samples to non-attendees of cervical screening in Finland [2015]

France

• Haute Autorité de Santé
  • Evaluation of human papillomavirus (HPV) tests for primary screening of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix and the role of p16/Ki67 dual immunostaining [2019]

• Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction
  • Human papillomavirus genotype distribution among high-grade cervical lesions in French women born between 1972 and 1993 [2025]

Gulf Cooperation Council

• Cancer Cytopathology
  • Cervical high-risk human papillomavirus infection among women residing in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: Prevalence, type-specific distribution, and correlation with cervical cytology [2019]

High-income countries

• BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health
  • Women's attitudes towards a human papillomavirus-based cervical cancer screening strategy: a systematic review [2022]

Hungary

• Pathology & Oncology Research
  • The Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Hungary—A Geographically Representative, Cross-Sectional Study [2022]

India

• Indian Journal of Medical Research
  • Molecular epidemiology of human papillomavirus variants in cervical cancer in India [2025]

• JCO Global Oncology
  • Challenges in the Implementation of Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening in India: A Systematic Review [2023]

• Journal of Cancer Policy
  • Strategies and implementation outcomes of HPV-based cervical screening studies to prevent cervical cancer in India: A systematic review [2024]

• Medicine
  • Prevalence of human papilloma virus among cervical cancer patients in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

International

• BMC Public Health
  • Invitation strategy of vaginal HPV self-sampling to improve participation in cervical cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials [2024]

• BMJ Global Health
  • HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening: a systematic review of values and preferences [2021]

• Cancer Prevention Research
  • A Pooled Analysis to Compare the Clinical Characteristics of Human Papillomavirus–positive and -Negative Cervical Precancers [2020]

• Clinical Microbiology and Infection
  • Commercially available molecular tests for human papillomaviruses: a global overview [2020]
  • Which high-risk HPV assays fulfil criteria for use in primary cervical cancer screening? [2015]

• Diagnostic Cytopathology
  • Statement on HPV DNA Test Utilization [2009]

• International Journal of Cancer
  • Guidelines for human papillomavirus DNA test requirements for primary cervical cancer screening in women of 30 years and older [2009]

• International Journal of Nanomedicine
  • Recent Advances in HPV Detection: From Traditional Methods to Nanotechnology and the Application of Quantum Dots [2025]

• International Papillomavirus Society
  • IPVS policy statement on HPV nucleic acid testing guidance for those utilising/considering HPV as primary precancer screening: Quality assurance and quality control issues [2023]

• Journal of Clinical Virology
  • 2023 global inventory of commercial molecular tests for human papillomaviruses (HPV) [2024]

• Journal of Gynecologic Oncology
  • Accuracy of human papillomavirus tests on self-collected urine versus clinician-collected samples for the detection of cervical precancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• Journal of Medical Screening
  • Identifying optimum implementation for human papillomavirus self-sampling in underserved communities: A systematic review [2025]

• Lancet Microbe
  • Global prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus in women aged 50 years and older with normal cytology: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• PLoS ONE
  • Meta-Analysis on Prevalence and Attribution of Human Papillomavirus Types 52 and 58 in Cervical Neoplasia Worldwide [2014]

Ireland

• Health Information and Quality Authority
  • HTA of HPV testing for cervical cancer screening [2017]

Japan

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
  • Prevalence and Risk Factors of Human Papillomavirus Infection among Japanese Female People: A Nationwide Epidemiological Survey by Self-Sampling [2021]

Latin America

• PLoS ONE
  • Type-Specific HPV Prevalence in Cervical Cancer and High-Grade Lesions in Latin America and the Caribbean: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2011]

Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa

• Systematic Reviews
  • HPV self-sampling versus healthcare provider collection on the effect of cervical cancer screening uptake and costs in LMIC: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

Low and middle income countries

• BMC Cancer
  • Estimating the value of point-of-care HPV testing in three low- and middle-income countries: a modeling study [2017]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Human papillomavirus self-sampling versus provider-sampling in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of accuracy, acceptability, cost, uptake, and equity [2024]

Malaysia

• Ministry of Health Malaysia
  • Guidelines for primary HPV testing in cervical cancer screening in Malaysia [2019]

Mexico

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
  • Spatial Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Screening Coverage in Mexico, 2013-2019 [2025]

• International Journal of Molecular Sciences
  • Epidemiology and Molecular Biology of HPV Variants in Cervical Cancer: The State of the Art in Mexico [2022]

Middle East, North Africa

• Journal of Infection and Public Health
  • Human papillomavirus epidemiology in populations with normal or abnormal cervical cytology or cervical cancer in the Middle East and North Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

Montenegro

• Acta Clinica Croatica
  • HPV typing as a screening program for prevention and early detection of cervical cancer in different Montenegro regions [2020]

Morocco

• Tumour Virus Research
  • Evaluating the performance of the Xpert HPV assay in detecting HPV positive cases in Morocco [2025]

Netherlands

• BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  • Cost-effectiveness of HPV-based cervical screening based on first year results in the Netherlands: a modelling study [2021]

• International Journal of Cancer
  • Clinical validation of Anyplex™ II HPV HR Detection according to the guidelines for HPV test requirements for cervical cancer screening [2016]
  • Should the age range of the Dutch hrHPV-based cervical cancer screening program be broadened? A modelling study using cohort effects [2015]
  • Primary human papillomavirus DNA screening for cervical cancer prevention: Can the screening interval be safely extended? [2014]

• Preventive Medicine
  • HPV-based cervical screening: Rationale, expectations and future perspectives of the new Dutch screening programme [2019]

New Zealand

• Best Practice Advocacy Centre New Zealand
  • HPV testing guide for general practice [2023]

• PLoS ONE
  • Effectiveness Modelling and Economic Evaluation of Primary HPV Screening for Cervical Cancer Prevention in New Zealand [2016]

Nigeria

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
  • Prevalence and Type Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Recovered from the Uterine Cervix of Nigerian Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2020]

• Journal of International Medical Research
  • High-risk human papillomavirus infection among Nigerian women: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

Norway

• International Journal of Cancer
  • Risk of high-grade cervical lesions in the second round of primary human papillomavirus testing in CervicalScreen Norway: A population-based cohort study [2025]

Republic of Korea

• Cancer Research and Treatment
  • Application of Machine Learning Algorithms for Risk Stratification and Efficacy Evaluation in Cervical Cancer Screening among the ASCUS/LSIL Population: Evidence from the Korean HPV Cohort Study [2025]

• Journal of Gynecologic Oncology
  • High-risk human papillomavirus testing as a primary screening for cervical cancer: position statement by the Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology [2020]

Romania

• Annals of Global Health
  • HPV Testing for Cervical Cancer in Romania: High-Risk HPV Prevalence among Ethnic Subpopulations and Regions [2019]

Saudi Arabia

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Prevalence and genotypes' distribution of human papillomavirus among women in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

Singapore

• Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology of Singapore
  • SCCPS Scientific Committee Position Paper on HPV Self-sampling Test [2023]
  • SCCPS Scientific Committee Position Paper on Primary HPV Screening for Cervical Cancer Prevention [2016]

Slovenia

• Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica
  • A review of 20 years of HPV research in Slovenia [2011]

South Africa

• Viruses
  • Mapping the HPV Landscape in South African Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Viral Genotypes, Microbiota, and Immune Signals [2024]

Spain

• BMC Women's Health
  • Comparative cost analysis of cervical cancer screening programme based on molecular detection of HPV in Spain [2021]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• BMJ Open
  • Mapping evidence on the acceptability of human papillomavirus self-sampling for cervical cancer screening among women in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review [2023]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Sub-Saharan African Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]

• Gynecologic Oncology
  • Accuracy of HPV testing on self-collected and clinician-collected samples for different screening strategies in African settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• Implementation Science Communications
  • A systematic review of randomized control trials of HPV self-collection studies among women in sub-Saharan Africa using the RE-AIM framework [2021]

• Infectious Agents and Cancer
  • Human papillomavirus self-sampling versus standard clinician-sampling for cervical cancer screening in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [2021]

Sweden

• Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
  • Self-collected vaginal HPV samples for long-term non-attendees in the Swedish organized cervical cancer screening program [2025]

• PLoS ONE
  • Cost-effectiveness of cervical cancer screening with primary HPV testing for unvaccinated women in Sweden [2020]

Turkey

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
  • Analysis of the Prevalence and Quantification of Viral Load of Different Human Papillomavirus Types in Turkish Women Population [2022]

• Turkish Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Obstetrician-gynecologists’ practice patterns regarding HPV testing in cervical cancer screening in Turkey [2021]

United Kingdom

• NHS England
  • Cervical screening: primary HPV screening implementation
  • Cervical screening: pathway for acceptance of new HPV tests
  • Cervical screening: laboratory testing for human papillomavirus
  • Cervical screening: laboratory HPV testing and cytology services
  • Cervical screening: acceptable HPV tests

• Public Health England
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV): primary screening protocol

United States

• Acta Cytologica
  • 2013 Statement on Human Papillomavirus DNA Test Utilization [2014]

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
  • Screening for Cervical Cancer With High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Testing: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [2018]

• American Cancer Society
  • The time has come to implement primary human papillomavirus screening for cervical cancer in the United States [2023]
  • Implementation in action: Collaborating on the transition to primary HPV screening for cervical cancer in the United States [2023]
  • Cervical cancer prevention in the United States-where we've been and where we're going: The American Cancer Society Primary HPV Screening Initiative [2023]
  • HPV Testing

• American Journal of Managed Care
  • The Budget Impact of Cervical Cancer Screening Using HPV Primary Screening [2016]

• American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology
  • Self-Collected Vaginal Specimens for HPV Testing: Recommendations From the Enduring Consensus Cervical Cancer Screening and Management Guidelines Committee [2025]
  • Applying Results of Extended Genotyping to Management of Positive Cervicovaginal Human Papillomavirus Test Results: Enduring Guidelines [2025]
  • A Study of Partial Human Papillomavirus Genotyping in Support of the 2019 ASCCP Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines [2020]

• Cancer Cytopathology
  • Primary human papillomavirus screening for cervical cancer in the United States—US Food and Drug Administration approval, clinical trials, and where we are today [2014]

• Cancer Medicine
  • Evaluating human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling among Latinas in the United States: A systematic review [2024]

• College of American Pathologists
  • Human Papillomavirus Genotyping Testing Practice in 2014: Results of a College of American Pathologists National Survey [2016]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • HPV Self-Sampling Promotion Among African American (AA) and Sub-Saharan African (SAI) Immigrant Women: Adaptation and Usability Testing [2025]

• Journal of the National Cancer Institute
  • Cervical Precancers and Cancers Attributed to HPV Types by Race and Ethnicity: Implications for Vaccination, Screening, and Management [2022]

• Journal of Women's Health
  • The Clinical and Economic Benefits of Co-Testing Versus Primary HPV Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening: A Modeling Analysis [2016]
  • Overview of the CDC Cervical Cancer (Cx3) Study: An Educational Intervention of HPV Testing for Cervical Cancer Screening [2013]

• Preventive Medicine
  • Primary HPV testing recommendations of US providers, 2015 [2017]

• Society of Gynecologic Oncology
  • Use of primary high-risk human papillomavirus testing for cervical cancer screening: Interim clinical guidance [2015]
  • Primary cervical cancer screening with human papillomavirus: End of study results from the ATHENA study using HPV as the first-line screening test  [2015]

Uzbekistan

• Journal of Gynecologic Oncology
  • Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes among women in Uzbekistan, 2021-2023 [2025]

WHO

• International Agency for Research on Cancer
  • Using HPV tests for cervical cancer screening and managing HPV-positive women – a practical online guide [2023]

• World Health Organization
  • WHO recommendations on self-care interventions: human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling as part of cervical cancer screening and treatment, 2022 update [2023]
  • WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre-cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention, second edition: use of mRNA tests for human papillomavirus (HPV): web annex [2021]
  • WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre-cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention, second edition: use of mRNA tests for human papillomavirus (HPV) [2021]
  • Introducing and scaling up testing for human papillomavirus as part of a comprehensive programme for prevention and control of cervical cancer [2020]
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling as part of cervical cancer screening [2020]
  • Human papillomavirus laboratory manual [2010]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Cervical cancer: screening, prevention
  • Cervical cancer