Female genital neoplasms

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Cervical cancer: screening, prevention

Africa

• Cancer Treatment and Research Communications
  • Knowledge and practice of health promotive lifestyle toward cervical cancer prevention among women in Africa: A scoping review [2025]

• Global Health Action
  • Cervical cancer screening decentralized policy adaptation: an African rural-context-specific systematic literature review [2019]

Antigua and Barbuda

• Medicina
  • Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus Awareness among Women in Antigua and Barbuda [2023]

Arab countries

• BMC Cancer
  • Cervical cancer screening uptake in Arab countries: a systematic review with meta-analysis [2024]

Asia

• Journal of Gynecologic Oncology
  • National screening programs for cervical cancer in Asian countries [2020]

Asia-Pacific

• PLOS Global Public Health
  • From barriers to opportunities from COVID-19 pandemic: Stakeholder perspectives on cervical cancer screening programs in LMICs of the Asia-Pacific region [2024]

Australia

• Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care
  • Requirements for cervical screening (Second edition 2024) [2024]

• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
  • National Cervical Screening Program monitoring report 2023 [2023]
  • National Cervical Screening Program data dictionary: version 1.2 [2023]
  • Cervical screening in Australia 2019 [2019]
  • Analysis of cervical cancer and abnormality outcomes in an era of cervical screening and HPV vaccination in Australia [2019]

• Australian Journal of General Practice
  • A new era in cervical cancer prevention [2018]

• Cancer Council
  • Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines

• Department of Health, Disability and Ageing
  • National Cervical Screening Program

• Lancet Public Health
  • Primary HPV testing versus cytology-based cervical screening in women in Australia vaccinated for HPV and unvaccinated: effectiveness and economic assessment for the National Cervical Screening Program [2017]

• Public Health Research and Practice
  • Reasons that clinicians in Australia offer cervical screening outside guidelines for frequency, age and co-testing [2022]
  • Lessons from the renewal of the National Cervical Screening Program in Australia [2019]

• Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
  • Cervical cancer

• Vaccine
  • Predicted impact of HPV vaccination and primary HPV screening on precancer treatment rates and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Australia 2010-2070: Modelling in a high income, high vaccination coverage country with HPV-based cervical screening [2025]

Australia, Europe, United States

• Medicine
  • Association of human papillomavirus vaccination with cervical cancer screening: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

Australia, New Zealand

• Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Cervical Cancer Screening in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand [2024]
  • Investigation of intermenstrual and postcoital bleeding [2021]

Bangladesh

• BMC Public Health
  • The effect of hrHPV prevalence on cervical cancer screening strategies: a cost-effectiveness study of Bangladesh [2025]
  • Implementation of an electronic health information system using DHIS2 tracker to manage and evaluate the National cervical screening programme in Bangladesh [2025]

• PLoS ONE
  • Awareness about cervical cancer and its socio-economic determinants among adults in Bangladesh: Results from a nationwide cross-sectional study [2025]

• Research in Health Services & Regions
  • Population-based cross-sectional survey of cervical cancer screening prevalence and socio-demographic correlates in Bangladeshi women [2024]

Belgium, Switzerland

• BMC Public Health
  • Never and under cervical cancer screening in Switzerland and Belgium: trends and inequalities [2020]

Belize

• Cancer Causes and Control
  • Barriers and facilitators to effective cervical cancer screening in Belize: a qualitative analysis [2023]

Bolivia

• Rural and Remote Health
  • Findings and lessons learned from a multi-partner collaboration to increase cervical cancer prevention efforts in Bolivia [2013]

Brazil

• BMC Cancer
  • Trend analysis of the quality indicators for the Brazilian cervical cancer screening programme by region and state from 2006 to 2013 [2018]

Brazil, Chile

• Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
  • Cervical cancer guidelines, prevention and screening strategies: experiences from Brazil and Chile [2021]

Cameroon

• BMC Public Health
  • Cervical cancer screening prevalence and its correlates in Cameroon: secondary data analysis of the 2018 demographic and health surveys [2021]

• International Journal for Equity in Health
  • Disparities in cervical cancer screening programs in Cameroon: a scoping review of facilitators and barriers to implementation and uptake of screening [2023]

Canada

• Canadian Family Physician
  • The pandemic and cervical cancer screening: Is it finally time to adopt HPV self-swabbing tests in Canada? [2022]
  • Cervical cancer screening for young women [2020]
  • Missed connections: Unintended consequences of updated cervical cancer screening guidelines on screening rates for sexually transmitted infections [2015]

• Canadian Partnership Against Cancer
  • Cervical screening in Canada, 2023-24

• Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care
  • Cervical Cancer (2013) [2013]

• CMAJ
  • Evidence that supports policies to delay cervical screening until after age 25 years [2017]

• Current Oncology
  • Progress and Challenges in Canada's Path Toward the Elimination of Cervical Cancer [2024]

• Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada
  • Cervical Cancer Screening in Canada [2019]

• Ontario Health
  • Ontario Cervical Screening Program recommendations for cervical screening and colposcopy with human papillomavirus testing in Ontario [2025]
  • Cervical Screening Recommendations Summary

Central Asia, Eastern Europe

• United Nations Population Fund
  • Preventing Cervical Cancer in Eastern Europe & Central Asia [2021]

China

• BMC Medicine
  • Development of models for cervical cancer screening: construction in a cross-sectional population and validation in two screening cohorts in China [2021]

• BMC Women's Health
  • Knowledge, willingness, uptake and barriers of cervical cancer screening services among Chinese adult females: a national cross-sectional survey based on a large e-commerce platform [2023]

• Cancer Communications
  • Age-specific effectiveness of primary human papillomavirus screening versus cytology in a cervical cancer screening program: a nationwide cross-sectional study [2022]

• China CDC Weekly
  • Cervical Cancer Screening Rates Among Chinese Women — China, 2015 [2020]

• Oncologist
  • Cervical Cancer Screening Among Adult Women in China, 2010 [2015]

Costa Rica

• Journal of the National Cancer Institute
  • Performance of Cervical Screening a Decade Following HPV Vaccination: The Costa Rica Vaccine Trial [2022]

Czech Republic

• Czech National Cervical Cancer Screening Programme
  • Czech National Cervical Cancer Screening Programme

Denmark

• Danish Health Authority
  • Screening for cervical cancer [2018]

• eLife
  • Participation in the nationwide cervical cancer screening programme in Denmark during the COVID-19 pandemic: An observational study [2023]

East Africa

• JCO Global Oncology
  • Burden of Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer Among Women Living in East Africa: An Analysis of the Latest Demographic Health Surveys Conducted Between 2014 and 2017 [2021]

Estonia

• Scientific Reports
  • Nationwide study on development and validation of a risk prediction model for CIN3+ and cervical cancer in Estonia [2024]

Eswatini

• Preventive Medicine
  • Cervical cancer screening by visual inspection and HPV testing in Eswatini [2022]

Ethiopia

• BMC Cancer
  • Cervical cancer screening practice and associated factors among female health care professionals in Ethiopia 2024: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Applying the Health Belief Model to cervical cancer screening uptake among women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• Cancer Control
  • Cervical Cancer Screening Utilization and Barriers to Uptake in Ethiopia: An Umbrella Review [2024]

• PLoS ONE
  • Determinants of cervical cancer screening intention among reproductive age women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Cervical cancer screening utilization and predictors among eligible women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]

Europe

• Eurohealth
  • Advancing equitable cervical cancer screening and early detection in Europe [2025]

• European Journal of Health Economics
  • A systematic review of the cost-effectiveness of interventions to increase cervical cancer screening among underserved women in Europe [2024]

• European Society of Gynaecological Oncology
  • Cervical screening: ESGO-EFC position paper of the European Society of Gynaecologic Oncology (ESGO) and the European Federation of Colposcopy (EFC) [2020]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Factors influencing the participation of groups identified as underserved in cervical cancer screening in Europe: a scoping review of the literature [2023]

• International Journal of Cancer
  • The European response to the WHO call to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • The Influence of Hormonal Factors on the Risk of Developing Cervical Cancer and Pre-Cancer: Results from the EPIC Cohort [2016]

• WHO European Region
  • Cervical cancer testing in the WHO European Region [2021]

Finland

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Cervical Cancer Screening Participation among Women of Russian, Somali, and Kurdish Origin Compared with the General Finnish Population: A Register-Based Study [2020]

France

• BMC Proceedings
  • Prevention and control of HPV and HPV-related cancers in France: the evolving landscape and the way forward - a meeting report [2023]

• Haute Autorité de Santé
  • Updated evidence-based recommendations for cervical cancer screening in France [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Cervical cancer screening coverage, management of squamous intraepithelial lesions and related costs in France [2020]

Georgia

• Central European Journal of Public Health
  • Evaluation of barriers to cervical cancer screening in Georgia [2023]

Germany

• European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
  • A model to evaluate the costs and clinical effectiveness of human papilloma virus screening compared with annual papanicolaou cytology in Germany [2017]

• Materia Socio-Medica
  • Implementation of the Program for Early Detection of Cervical Cancer in the Federal Republic of Germany [2020]

Ghana

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Cervical cancer screening uptake and its predictors among women aged 30-49 in Ghana: Providing evidence to support the World Health Organization's cervical cancer elimination initiative [2025]

• BMC Women's Health
  • Rural-urban variations in cervical cancer screening uptake among women in Ghana: Evidence from the 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey [2025]

• Ghana Medical Journal
  • Recommendations for cervical cancer prevention and control in Ghana: public education and human papillomavirus vaccination [2018]

• Scientific Reports
  • Nationwide cervical precancer screening in Ghana: concurrent HPV DNA testing and visual inspection under an expanded hub-and-spoke model [2025]

High-income countries

• International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
  • Turning the tide-Recommendations to increase cervical cancer screening among women who are underscreened [2024]

Hong Kong

• Centre for Health Protection
  • Recommendations on Prevention and Screening for Cervical Cancer For Health Professionals [2021]

• Hong Kong College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • 2024 Hong Kong College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Guidelines for cervical cancer prevention and screening [2024]

India

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
  • Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening in India: Insights from National Family Health Survey-5 Data [2025]

• BMC Cancer
  • Urban-rural disparities in cervical cancer screening among Indian women between 30-49 years: a geospatial and decomposition analysis using a nationally representative survey [2025]

• BMC Women's Health
  • Patterns in the prevalence and wealth-based inequality of cervical cancer screening in India [2023]

• Cancer Epidemiology
  • Implementing Community-based Cervical Cancer Screening Programs using Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid in India: A Systematic Review [2017]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Establishing Baseline Cervical Cancer Screening Coverage — India, 2015–2016 [2019]

• Indian Journal of Medical Research
  • Screening for cervical cancer: Choices & dilemmas [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Cost effectiveness of strategies for cervical cancer prevention in India [2020]

• Women's Health
  • Knowledge, attitude, and practice on screening toward cervical cancer among health professionals in India—A review [2021]

India, Thailand

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
  • Effectiveness of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) Screening on Cervical Cancer Mortality and Incidence - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]

Indonesia

• Global Health Action
  • Facilitators and barriers for the delivery and uptake of cervical cancer screening in Indonesia: a scoping review [2021]

International

• American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book
  • Challenges and Opportunities for Global Cervical Cancer Elimination: How Can We Build a Model for Other Cancers? [2025]

• Analytical Methods
  • Advances in human papillomavirus detection for cervical cancer screening and diagnosis: challenges of conventional methods and opportunities for emergent tools [2025]

• BMC Women's Health
  • Barriers and facilitators for cervical cancer screening among adolescents and young people: a systematic review [2021]

• Cureus
  • Screening Guidelines and Programs for Cervical Cancer Control in Countries of Different Economic Groups: A Narrative Review [2023]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Which is the best management for women with normal cervical cytologic findings despite positivity for non-16/18 high risk human papillomaviruses? [2022]

• Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research
  • Comprehensive Visual Inspection of the Cervix with Acetic Acid (VIA) and Lugol’s Iodine (VILI) [2014]

• Globalization and Health
  • Associated factors and global adherence of cervical cancer screening in 2019: a systematic analysis and modelling study [2022]

• International Federation for Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy
  • Cervical Screening Guidelines and Best Practices

• International Papillomavirus Society
  • HPV prevention and control - The way forward [2022]
  • COVID-19 as a catalyst for reimagining cervical cancer prevention [2022]
  • IPVS policy statement. Equity in cervical cancer prevention: for all and not just for some [2020]

• International Planned Parenthood Federation
  • IMAP statement on preventing cervical cancer [2016]

• Journal of Biological Dynamics
  • Computational approaches of modelling human papillomavirus transmission and prevention strategies: a systematic review [2025]

• Journal of Medical Internet Research
  • Electronic Health Interventions and Cervical Cancer Screening: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2024]

• Journal of Oncology
  • Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines in the Postvaccination Era: Review of the Literature [2020]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Cervical cancer screening programmes and age-specific coverage estimates for 202 countries and territories worldwide: a review and synthetic analysis [2022]

• Papillomavirus Research
  • HPV-FRAME: A consensus statement and quality framework for modelled evaluations of HPV-related cancer control [2019]

• Preventive Medicine Reports
  • Cervical cancer screening guidelines and screening practices in 11 countries: A systematic literature review [2022]

• Scientific Reports
  • Comparative accuracy of cervical cancer screening strategies in healthy asymptomatic women: a systematic review and network meta-analysis [2022]

• Systematic Reviews
  • A systematic review of economic evaluations of cervical cancer screening methods [2022]

• Women's Health
  • Identifying the key barriers, facilitators and factors associated with cervical cancer screening attendance in young women: A systematic review [2025]

Iran

• BMC Public Health
  • Disparities in cervical cancer screening participation in Iran: a cross-sectional analysis of the 2016 nationwide STEPS survey [2020]

• International Journal of Cancer Management
  • Performance Indicators of Cervical Cancer Screening Program Based on The Guidelines of Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education [2021]

• International Journal of Health Policy and Management
  • Priority Setting for Improvement of Cervical Cancer Prevention in Iran [2015]

• PLoS ONE
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Different Cervical Screening Strategies in Islamic Republic of Iran: A Middle-Income Country with a Low Incidence Rate of Cervical Cancer [2016]

Ireland

• Department of Health Ireland
  • Scoping Inquiry into the CervicalCheck Screening Programme [2024]
  • CervicalCheck [2019]

• Ireland's Health Services
  • CervicalCheck

Italy

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Sexually transmitted infections and the HPV-related burden: evolution of Italian epidemiology and policy [2024]

Ivory Coast

• BMC Public Health
  • Cervical cancer screening by visual inspection in Cote d'Ivoire, operational and clinical aspects according to HIV status [2012]

Japan

• International Journal of Gynecological Cancer
  • Cervical Cancer Screening With Human Papillomavirus DNA and Cytology in Japan [2017]

• Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research
  • Impact of COVID-19 on cervical cancer screening in Japan: A survey of population-based screening in urban Japan by the Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology [2022]

Kenya

• BMC Cancer
  • Multiple sexual partnership as an independent predictor of cervical cancer screening among women of reproductive age: an analysis of the 2022 Kenya demographic and health survey [2025]
  • Individual and community-level determinants of cervical cancer screening among Kenyan women: a multilevel analysis of a Kenya demographic and health surveys 2022 [2025]

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Association between multiple dimensions of access to care and cervical cancer screening among Kenyan women: a cross-sectional analysis of the Demographic Health Survey [2024]

Kuwait

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
  • Disparities in the Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Nationwide WHO STEPS Survey [2025]

Latin America

• Journal of the National Cancer Institute
  • Impact of knowledge of human papillomavirus positivity on cervical cytology performance in Latin America [2025]

• Salud Pública de México
  • Cervical cancer screening programs in Latin America: current recommendations for facing elimination challenges [2022]

Latvia

• Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica
  • Cervical cancer screening in Latvia: a brief history and recent improvements (2009-2011) [2013]

Low and middle income countries

• BMC Women's Health
  • Interventions to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Barriers to uptake of cervical cancer screening services in low-and-middle-income countries: a systematic review [2022]
  • Are treatments for cervical precancerous lesions in less-developed countries safe enough to promote scaling-up of cervical screening programs? A systematic review [2010]

• Cancer Medicine
  • Evidence-based policy choices for efficient and equitable cervical cancer screening programs in low-resource settings [2017]

• Clinics
  • Cervical cancer screening in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of economic evaluation studies [2022]

• International Journal of Cancer
  • To expand coverage, or increase frequency: Quantifying the tradeoffs between equity and efficiency facing cervical cancer screening programs in low-resource settings [2017]

• JAMA
  • Lifetime Prevalence of Cervical Cancer Screening in 55 Low- and Middle-Income Countries [2020]

• Lancet
  • Impact of HPV vaccination and cervical screening on cervical cancer elimination: a comparative modelling analysis in 78 low-income and lower-middle-income countries [2020]

• World Health Organization
  • Cervical cancer screening in developing countries [2002]

Low-income countries

• PLoS ONE
  • Determinants of cervical cancer screening utilisation among women in the least developed countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

Malawi

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Cost-effectiveness of approaches to cervical cancer screening in Malawi: comparison of frequencies, lesion treatment techniques, and risk-stratified approaches [2024]

• BMC Public Health
  • Cervical cancer screening uptake and challenges in Malawi from 2011 to 2015: retrospective cohort study [2016]

• Global Health Action
  • Health systems challenges in cervical cancer prevention program in Malawi [2015]

Malaysia

• BMC Women's Health
  • Factors influencing the prevalence of cervical cancer screening in Malaysia: a nationwide survey [2023]

• Ministry of Health Malaysia
  • Guidelines for cervical cancer screening in Malaysia 2023 [2023]
  • Guidebook for Cervical Cancer Screening [2019]

Mali

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • A story-telling cloth approach to motivating cervical cancer screening in Mali [2022]

Malta

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
  • Cervical cancer and screening: knowledge, awareness and attitudes of women in Malta [2021]

Nepal

• Public Health
  • Cervical cancer screening utilization, and associated factors, in Nepal: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

Netherlands

• BMJ
  • Cervical cancer incidence after normal cytological sample in routine screening using SurePath, ThinPrep, and conventional cytology: population based study [2017]

• National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
  • Framework for the execution of cervical cancer screening programme [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Cervical Cancer Screening in Partly HPV Vaccinated Cohorts – A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis [2016]

Netherlands, United States

• Milbank Quarterly
  • Cervical Cancer Screening in the United States and the Netherlands: A Tale of Two Countries [2012]

New Zealand

• Best Practice Advocacy Centre New Zealand
  • Cervical cancer – early detection and referral [2022]

• Health New Zealand
  • HISO 10097: Cervical Screening Data and Messaging Standard [2024]
  • Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cervical Screening in Aotearoa New Zealand [2023]
  • Review of cervical cancer occurrences in relation to screening history in New Zealand for the years 2013-2017 [2020]
  • National Cervical Screening Programme and HPV Primary Screening

Nigeria

• African Health Sciences
  • Barriers to uptake of cervical cancer screening among women in Nigeria: a systematic review [2022]

• Cancer Control
  • Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Knowledge, Utilisation, Prevention Educational Interventions and Policy Response in Nigeria: A Scoping Review [2022]

• Cancer Reports
  • Factors influencing cervical cancer screening practice among female health workers in Nigeria: A systematic review [2022]

Nigeria, Nordic countries

• International Health
  • A comparative analysis of cervical cancer prevention between Nigeria and Nordic countries that have experienced a decline in cervical cancer incidence [2021]

Nordic countries

• British Journal of Cancer
  • 50 years of screening in the Nordic countries: quantifying the effects on cervical cancer incidence [2014]

Norway

• International Journal of Cancer
  • The value of improving failures within a cervical cancer screening program: An example from Norway [2014]

Poland

• Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica
  • The HPV prevention and control program in Poland: progress and the way forward [2024]

• BMC Cancer
  • The implementation of an organised cervical screening programme in Poland: an analysis of the adherence to European guidelines [2015]

• Ginekologia Polska
  • Cervical cancer screening in Poland in current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Interim guidelines of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians and the Polish Society of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathophysiology — a summary January 2021 [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Cervical Cancer Histology, Staging and Survival before and after Implementation of Organised Cervical Screening Programme in Poland [2016]

Republic of Korea

• Epidemiology and Health
  • Income-based disparities in the risk of distant-stage cervical cancer and 5-year mortality after the introduction of a National Cancer Screening Program in Korea [2022]

• Journal of Gynecologic Oncology
  • Trends in cervical cancer screening rates among Korean women: results of the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, 2005–2020 [2022]
  • Trend analysis of process quality indicators for the Korean National Cervical Cancer Screening Program from 2005 to 2013 [2021]
  • Nationwide cervical cancer screening in Korea: data from the National Health Insurance Service Cancer Screening Program and National Cancer Screening Program, 2009–2014 [2017]
  • The Korean guideline for cervical cancer screening [2015]
  • Practice guidelines for the early detection of cervical cancer in Korea: Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology and the Korean Society for Cytopathology 2012 edition [2013]

• Obstetrics & Gynecology Science
  • Proposal for cervical cancer screening in the era of HPV vaccination [2018]

Romania

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Challenges in the Prevention of Cervical Cancer in Romania [2021]

Singapore

• Singapore Medical Journal
  • Cervical cancer screening and vaccination: understanding the latest guidelines [2022]
  • Evaluation of the National Cervical Cancer Screening Programme in Singapore [2013]

• Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology of Singapore
  • Management Guidelines for Cervical Screening & Preinvasive Disease of the Cervix [2024]

South Asia

• Cancer Causes and Control
  • A scoping review of evidence on routine cervical cancer screening in South Asia: investigating factors affecting adoption and implementation [2025]

Southern Africa

• Journal of Cancer Policy
  • Cervical cancer prevention in Southern Africa: A review of national cervical cancer screening guidelines in the Southern African development community [2024]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• BMC Cancer
  • Far behind 90-70-90's screening target: the prevalence and determinants of cervical cancer screening among Sub-Saharan African women: evidence from Demographic and Health Survey [2024]

• BMC Public Health
  • Interventions to increase uptake of cervical screening in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review using the integrated behavioral model [2020]

• BMJ
  • Performance of alternative strategies for primary cervical cancer screening in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies [2015]

• BMJ Open
  • Understanding cervical cancer prevention in Africa: a qualitative systematic review of the role of men [2024]
  • Socioeconomic inequality in cervical cancer screening uptake among women in sub-Saharan Africa: a decomposition analysis of Demographic and Health Survey data [2024]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • The Role of Health Information Sources on Cervical Cancer Literacy, Knowledge, Attitudes and Screening Practices in Sub-Saharan African Women: A Systematic Review [2024]

• International Journal of Public Health
  • "A Man With a Loving Heart": A Systematic Review of Male Involvement in Cervical Cancer Screening in Africa [2024]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Regional and country-level trends in cervical cancer screening coverage in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic analysis of population-based surveys (2000-2020) [2023]

• Scientific Reports
  • Wealth-related inequalities of women's cervical cancer screening in 11 Sub-Saharan African countries: evidence from a pooled decomposition analysis [2025]

Sweden

• International Journal of Cancer
  • Nationwide registry-based trial of risk-stratified cervical screening [2025]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Effectiveness of cervical screening after age 60 years according to screening history: Nationwide cohort study in Sweden [2017]

• PLoS ONE
  • Socio-economic and demographic determinants affecting participation in the Swedish cervical screening program: A population-based case-control study [2018]

Switzerland

• European Journal of Public Health
  • Cervical cancer screening in Switzerland: cross-sectional trends (1992-2012) in social inequalities [2016]

Taiwan

• International Journal for Equity in Health
  • Changes in the magnitude of social inequality in the uptake of cervical cancer screening in Taiwan, a country implementing a population-based organized screening program [2014]

Tanzania

• Archives of Public Health
  • Prevalence and determinants of cervical cancer screening among women aged 15-49 years in Tanzania: analysis of demographic and health survey 2022 [2025]

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Correlates associated with health insurance on cervical cancer screening in Tanzania: a comparison between the insured and uninsured women using demographic and health survey 2022 [2024]

• PLoS ONE
  • Towards 90-70-90 targets: Individual and community level factors associated with cervical cancer screening among women of reproductive age in Tanzania: A multi-level analysis based on 2022 Tanzania demographic and health survey [2024]

Thailand

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
  • National Cervical Cancer Screening in Thailand [2021]

United Arab Emirates

• Ministry of Health and Prevention
  • The National Guideline For Cervical Cancer Screening and Diagnosis [2023]

United Kingdom

• BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  • Introducing human papillomavirus (HPV) primary testing in the age of HPV vaccination: projected impact on colposcopy services in Wales [2021]

• British Journal of Cancer
  • Recovery strategies following COVID-19 disruption to cervical cancer screening and their impact on excess diagnoses [2021]

• British Journal of General Practice
  • Cervical screening: the evolving landscape [2022]
  • Delays in diagnosis of young females with symptomatic cervical cancer in England: an interview-based study [2014]

• Health Technology Assessment
  • HPV testing compared with routine cytology in cervical screening: long-term follow-up of ARTISTIC RCT [2019]

• Journal of Medical Screening
  • Impact of changes to cervical screening guidelines on age and interval at which women are tested: Population-based study [2021]
  • Cervical screening attendance and cervical cancer risk among women who have sex with women [2021]

• NHS Digital
  • Cervical Screening (Quarterly)

• NHS England
  • NHS cervical screening (CSP) programme
  • Cervical screening: programme overview
  • Cervical screening: professional guidance
  • Cervical screening: data and research
  • Cervical screening programme: standards
  • Cervical sample taker training PowerPoints

• Pathogens
  • HPV and Cervical Cancer: A Review of Epidemiology and Screening Uptake in the UK [2023]

• Preventive Medicine
  • Impact of screening between the ages of 60 and 64 on cumulative rates of cervical cancer to age 84y by screening history at ages 50 to 59: A population-based case-control study [2021]

• Public Health England
  • Health matters: making cervical screening more accessible

• Public Health Scotland
  • Scottish cervical screening programme statistics
  • Scottish Cervical Screening Programme primary care resources

• Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Progress in Cervical Screening in the UK [2016]

• UK National Screening Committee
  • Cervical cancer

United States

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
  • Screening for Cervical Cancer: A Decision Analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [2011]
  • Screening for Cervical Cancer [2011]

• American Cancer Society
  • Cervical cancer screening for individuals at average risk: 2020 guideline update from the American Cancer Society [2020]
  • Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • Updated Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines [2021]
  • Cervical Cancer Screening in Low-Resource Settings [2015]

• American College of Physicians
  • Cervical Cancer Screening in Average-Risk Women: Best Practice Advice From the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians [2015]

• American Family Physician
  • Human Papillomavirus: Screening, Testing, and Prevention [2021]
  • Cervical Cancer Screening [2018]

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of the 2019 American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines for the management of abnormal cervical cancer screening tests and cancer precursors [2022]

• American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology
  • Recommendations for Use of p16/Ki67 Dual Stain for Management of Individuals Testing Positive for Human Papillomavirus [2024]
  • 2019 ASCCP Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines: Updates Through 2023 [2024]
  • Risk-Based Cervical Consensus Guidelines: Methods to Determine Management if Less Than 5 Years of Data Are Available [2022]
  • The ASCCP Cervical Cancer Screening Task Force Endorsement and Opinion on the American Cancer Society Updated Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines [2021]
  • Risk Estimates Supporting the 2019 ASCCP Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines [2020]
  • Reporting and Assessing the Quality of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies for Cervical Cancer Screening and Management [2020]
  • Moving forward—the 2019 ASCCP Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines for Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening Tests and Cancer Precursors and beyond: implications and suggestions for laboratories [2020]
  • Incorporating Stakeholder Feedback in Guidelines Development for the Management of Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening Tests [2020]
  • An Introduction to the 2019 ASCCP Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines [2020]
  • 2019 ASCCP Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines: Methods for Risk Estimation, Recommended Management, and Validation [2020]
  • 2019 ASCCP Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines for Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening Tests and Cancer Precursors [2020]

• American Society of Clinical Oncology
  • Secondary Prevention of Cervical Cancer: ASCO Resource-Stratified Guideline Update [2022]
  • Secondary Prevention of Cervical Cancer: ASCO Resource-Stratified Clinical Practice Guideline [2017]

• American Society of Cytopathology
  • Triage options for positive high-risk HPV results from HPV-based cervical cancer screening: a review of the potential alternatives to Papanicolaou test cytology [2025]

• Annals of Internal Medicine
  • Inefficiencies and high-value improvements in U.S. cervical cancer screening practice: A cost-effectiveness analysis [2015]

• ASCO Educational Book
  • State of the Science: Screening, Surveillance, and Epidemiology of HPV-Related Malignancies [2021]

• Cancer
  • A cross-sectional survey examining clinician characteristics, practices, and attitudes associated with adoption of the 2019 American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology risk-based management consensus guidelines [2023]
  • Cervical Cancer Screening and Follow-Up in 4 Geographically Diverse US Health Care Systems, 1998 Through 2007 [2015]

• Cancer Causes and Control
  • Use of cervical cancer preventive services among US women aged 21–29: an assessment of the 2010 Affordable Care Act rollout through 2018 [2020]
  • Estimating the Impact of Increasing Cervical Cancer Screening in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program among Low-Income Women in the U.S [2020]

• Cancer Cytopathology
  • Comparison of Cervical Cancer Screening Results Among 256,648 Women in Multiple Clinical Practices [2015]

• Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention
  • Trends and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Predictors of Cervical Cancer Screening among US Women Ages 30-64 Years [2023]

• Cancer Medicine
  • Medicaid expansions and differences in guideline-adherent cervical cancer screening between American Indian and White women [2023]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Trends in Cervical Cancer Screening in Title X-Funded Health Centers — United States, 2005–2015 [2017]

• Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
  • Cervical cancer screening in high-risk patients: Clinical challenges in primary care [2024]
  • Risk-based guidelines: Redefining management of abnormal cervical cancer screening results [2021]

• JAMA Network Open
  • Delivering Guideline-Concordant Care for Patients With High-Risk HPV and Normal Cytologic Findings [2025]
  • Assessment of US Preventive Services Task Force Guideline–Concordant Cervical Cancer Screening Rates and Reasons for Underscreening by Age, Race and Ethnicity, Sexual Orientation, Rurality, and Insurance, 2005 to 2019 [2022]
  • Overuse of Cervical Cancer Screening Tests Among Women With Average Risk in the United States From 2013 to 2014 [2021]

• Journal of Cancer Education
  • Increasing Cervical Cancer Screening Among US Hispanics/Latinas: A Qualitative Systematic Review [2015]

• Journal of Clinical Medicine
  • Current Cervical Carcinoma Screening Guidelines [2015]

• Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease
  • Updated Review for Guidelines for Cervical Cancer Screening in Immunosuppressed Women Without HIV Infection [2025]
  • The Next Generation of Cervical Cancer Screening: Should Guidelines Focus on Best Practices for the Future or Current Screening Capacity? [2018]
  • Risks of CIN 2+, CIN 3+, and Cancer by Cytology and Human Papillomavirus Status: The Foundation of Risk-Based Cervical Screening Guidelines [2017]
  • Benchmarking CIN3+ risk as the basis for incorporating HPV and Pap cotesting into cervical screening and management guidelines [2013]

• Journal of the National Cancer Institute
  • Optimal Cervical Cancer Screening in Women Vaccinated Against Human Papillomavirus [2017]

• National Cancer Institute
  • Cervical Cancer Screening (PDQ®)
  • Cervical Cancer Prevention (PDQ®)

• Oncology Nursing Forum
  • Cervical Cancer Screening Among Arab Women in the United States: An Integrative Review [2017]

• Preventive Medicine
  • Do age-based discontinuation recommendations influence cervical cancer screening rates? Evidence from the United States' Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2016 and 2018 [2023]
  • Impact of COVID-19 on cervical cancer screening: Challenges and opportunities to improving resilience and reduce disparities [2021]
  • Are uninsured women in a national screening program having longer intervals between cervical cancer screening tests? [2020]
  • Changes to cervical cancer prevention guidelines: Effects on screening among U.S. women ages 15–29 [2012]

• Society for Women's Health Research
  • Gaps and Opportunities to Improve Prevention of Human Papillomavirus-Related Cancers [2021]

• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
  • Cervical Cancer: Screening [2024]

Vietnam

• BMJ Open
  • Cervical cancer screening by cotesting method for Vietnamese women 25-55 years old: a cost-effectiveness analysis [2025]

Western countries

• Ginekologia Polska
  • Cervical screening during pregnancy - a review of recommendations [2025]

WHO

• International Agency for Research on Cancer
  • Best Practices in Cervical Screening Programmes: Audit of Cancers, Legal and Ethical Frameworks, Communication, and Workforce Competencies [2023]
  • Cervical Cancer Screening [2022]
  • Atlas of visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid for screening, triage, and assessment for treatment [2020]
  • A practical manual on visual screening for cervical neoplasia [2003]

• World Health Organization
  • Monitoring national cervical cancer prevention and control programmes [2013]
  • Prevention of cervical cancer through screening using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and treatment with cryotherapy [2012]
  • Screening for cervical cancer
  • Cervical cancer screening - Response by country
  • Cervical cancer screening (Global Health Observatory)

Zimbabwe

• BMC Women's Health
  • Individual and community-level determinants of cervical cancer screening in Zimbabwe: a multi-level analyses of a nationwide survey [2022]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Cervical cancer: vaccine
  • Cervical cancer: colposcopy, cytopathology, histopathology
  • Cervical cancer: HPV testing
  • Cervical cancer