Hepatitis

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Hepatitis C: epidemiology

Afghanistan

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Afghanistan: systematic review and meta-analysis [2015]

Arab countries

• Scientific World Journal
  • Hepatitis C Virus in Arab World: A State of Concern [2012]

Arctic countries

• EuroSurveillance
  • Summary of available surveillance data on hepatitis C virus infection from eight Arctic countries, 2012 to 2014 [2018]

Argentina

• Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research
  • Hepatitis C in Argentina: epidemiology and treatment [2014]

• World Journal of Hepatology
  • Hepatitis C virus infection in Argentina: Burden of chronic disease [2016]

Asia-Pacific

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Review on the molecular epidemiology of sexually acquired hepatitis C virus infection in the Asia-Pacific region [2020]

Belgium

• BMC Public Health
  • Low hepatitis C prevalence in Belgium: implications for treatment reimbursement and scale up [2019]

• PLoS ONE
  • Distribution of HCV genotypes in Belgium from 2008 to 2015 [2018]

Brazil

• Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
  • Incidence of hepatitis C in Brazil [2015]

• Revista de Saúde Pública
  • Temporal trends and spatial patterns of Hepatitis C-related mortality in Brazil [2025]
  • Prevalence of hepatitis C virus in Brazil’s inmate population: a systematic review [2015]

• Scientific Reports
  • Persistently high hepatitis C rates in haemodialysis patients in Brazil [a systematic review and meta-analysis] [2022]

• Scientific World Journal
  • Hepatitis C Worldwide and in Brazil: Silent Epidemic—Data on Disease including Incidence, Transmission, Prevention, and Treatment [2014]

Burkina Faso

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiologic profile of hepatitis C virus infection and genotype distribution in Burkina Faso: a systematic review with meta-analysis [2021]

Cambodia

• Scientific Reports
  • Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Cambodia during 2016–2017 [2019]

Cameroon

• BMJ Open
  • Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2017]

Canada

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Twin epidemics of new and prevalent hepatitis C infections in Canada: BC Hepatitis Testers Cohort [2016]

• BMC Public Health
  • Epidemiology of Hepatitis C over 28 years of monitoring Canadian blood donors: Insight into a low-risk undiagnosed population [2024]

• Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
  • Burden of disease and cost of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in Canada [2014]

• CanHepC - Canadian Network on Hepatitis C
  • Contextualizing Canada’s hepatitis C virus epidemic [2018]

• CMAJ Open
  • Identifying and describing a cohort effect in the national database of reported cases of hepatitis C virus infection in Canada (1991-2010): an age-period-cohort analysis [2014]

• Public Health Agency of Canada
  • The hepatitis C epidemic in Canada: An overview of recent trends in surveillance, injection drug use, harm reduction and treatment [2021]
  • Hepatitis C surveillance in Canada [2014]

Central Asia

• Scientific Reports
  • The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Central Asia: Systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regression analyses [2019]

Central Europe

• Clinical and Experimental Hepatology
  • How close are we to hepatitis C virus elimination in Central Europe? [2020]

China

• Biomedical and Environmental Sciences
  • Prevalence of HCV Antibody and its Associated Factors: A Study from Sentinel Hospitals in China [2023]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiological trends of hepatitis C incidence and death in Mainland China between 2004 and 2018 and its predictions to 2030 [2025]
  • Prevalence and trend of hepatitis C virus infection among blood donors in Chinese mainland: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2011]

• China CDC Weekly
  • Supervised Analysis of Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Positive Case Reporting in County-Level Hospitals — China, 2013-2018 [2020]

• Infectious Diseases of Poverty
  • Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus genotypes in different geographical regions of Chinese mainland and a phylogenetic analysis [2023]

• Open Forum Infectious Diseases
  • Prevalence of Anti-HCV Antibody Among the General Population in Mainland China Between 1991 and 2015: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2019]

Croatia

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Epidemiology of hepatitis C in Croatia in the European context [2015]

Cyprus

• BMC Research Notes
  • Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C infection in Cyprus within the general population and high-risk cohorts [2011]

Denmark

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatitis C prevalence in Denmark -an estimate based on multiple national registers [2012]

• PLoS ONE
  • Hepatitis C prevalence in Denmark in 2016—An updated estimate using multiple national registers [2020]

Denmark, Sweden

• EuroSurveillance
  • Hepatitis C time trends in reported cases and estimates of the hidden population born before 1965, Denmark and Sweden, 1990 to 2020 [2022]

Eastern Mediterranean, Middle East

• World Journal of Hepatology
  • Occult hepatitis C virus infection in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]

Egypt

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Egypt: a systematic review and data synthesis [2013]

• BMJ Open
  • Hepatitis C risk score as a tool to identify individuals with HCV infection: a demonstration and cross-sectional epidemiological study in Egypt [2024]

• Heliyon
  • Geospatial epidemiology of hepatitis C infection in Egypt 2017 by governorate [2019]

• Hepatology
  • Spatial epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in Egypt: Analyses and implications [2014]

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Risk factors associated with high prevalence rates of hepatitis C infection in Egypt [2014]

• Scientific Reports
  • Gender differences in prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Egypt: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Characterizing hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Egypt: systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions [2018]

Estonia

• EuroSurveillance
  • Prevalence of chronic hepatitis C infection in the general population: results from a national survey, Estonia, July to December 2022 [2024]

• Medicina
  • A Population-Based Surveillance Study on the Epidemiology of Hepatitis C in Estonia [2018]

Ethiopia

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Seroprevalence of hepatitis c virus infection among blood donors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]

• Scientific World Journal
  • Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Viral Infection in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2021]

Europe

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Estimating the scale of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the EU/EEA: a focus on migrants from anti-HCV endemic countries [2018]

• Digestive and Liver Disease
  • Epidemiology of hepatitis C in Europe [2014]

• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
  • Hepatitis C - Annual Epidemiological Report for 2023 [2025]
  • Toolkit to support the generation of robust estimates of hepatitis C prevalence [2020]

• Infectious Agents and Cancer
  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes distribution: an epidemiological up-date in Europe [2016]

• PLoS ONE
  • Hepatitis C Virus Infection Epidemiology among People Who Inject Drugs in Europe: A Systematic Review of Data for Scaling Up Treatment and Prevention [2014]

France

• EuroSurveillance
  • Severe liver disease related to chronic hepatitis C virus infection in treatment-naive patients: epidemiological characteristics and associated factors at first expert centre visit, France, 2000 to 2007 and 2010 to 2014 [2017]

Georgia

• BMC Public Health
  • Hepatitis C prevalence and risk factors in Georgia, 2015: setting a baseline for elimination [2019]

• EuroSurveillance
  • Insights from a national survey in 2021 and from modelling on progress towards hepatitis C virus elimination in the country of Georgia since 2015 [2023]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Interim effect evaluation of the hepatitis C elimination programme in Georgia: a modelling study [2019]

• PLoS ONE
  • Risk factors and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus in Georgia: A nationwide population-based survey [2022]

Ghana

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Ghana: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2016]

Greece

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Epidemiology of hepatitis C in Greece [2016]

Gulf Cooperation Council

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in the Arabian Gulf countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence [2016]

India

• Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology
  • Consensus Statement of HCV Task Force of the Indian National Association for Study of the Liver (INASL). Part I: Status Report of HCV Infection in India [2014]

International

• BMC Public Health
  • Insights into the spatial epidemiology of hepatitis C infection: systematic synthesis of area-level determinants and spatiotemporal analyses [2025]
  • Hepatitis C prevalence in incarcerated settings between 2013-2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• China CDC Weekly
  • Global Trends and Regional Differences in Hepatitis C Virus Infection Prevalence and Implications for Prevention — Worldwide, 1990-2017 [2020]

• European Journal of Cancer Prevention
  • Changing global epidemiology of chronic hepatitis C virus-related outcomes from 2010 to 2019: cirrhosis is the growing burden of hepatitis C virus-related disease [2024]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • The burden of hepatitis C virus in the world, China, India, and the United States from 1990 to 2019 [2023]

• Infectious Agents and Cancer
  • Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence in the general female population of 9 countries in Europe, Asia and Africa [2017]

• Journal of Clinical Virology
  • Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence in the general female population from 8 countries [2015]

• Journal of Hepatology
  • Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus infection [2014]

• Journal of Nephrology
  • The world prevalence, associated risk factors and mortality of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients: a meta-analysis [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • The Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Antibodies in Immigrants and Refugees from Intermediate and High Endemic Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2015]

• Public Health
  • Prevalence of hepatitis C virus exposure and infection among Indigenous and tribal populations: a global systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine
  • Update on Hepatitis C Epidemiology: Unaware and Untreated Infected Population Could Be the Key to Elimination [2020]

• Viruses
  • Prevalence and Modes of Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Historical Worldwide Review [2024]
  • Epidemiology and Elimination of HCV-Related Liver Disease [2018]

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: An up-date of the distribution and circulation of hepatitis C virus genotypes [2016]

• World Journal of Methodology
  • Global prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• World Journal of Virology
  • Geographic integration of hepatitis C virus: A global threat [2016]

Iran

• Harm Reduction Journal
  • Harm reduction program and hepatitis C prevalence in people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran: an updated systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis [2021]

• Infectious Diseases of Poverty
  • Prevalence of hepatitis C virus among street children in Iran [2018]

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • High hepatitis C virus prevalence among drug users in Iran: systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence (2001–2012) [2015]

• Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
  • Prevalence and trend of hepatitis C virus infection among blood donors in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2014]

• Scientific Reports
  • The association between drug injection duration and hepatitis C prevalence among people who inject drugs in Iran [2025]
  • The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Iran: Systematic review and meta-analyses [2018]

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Iran [2015]

Ireland

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatitis C virus infection in Irish drug users and prisoners – a scoping review [2019]

• EuroSurveillance
  • Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence and prevalence of chronic infection in the adult population in Ireland: a study of residual sera, April 2014 to February 2016 [2017]

• Health Protection Surveillance Centre
  • Hepatitis C

Italy

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Update on epidemiology of HCV in Italy: focus on the Calabria Region [2014]

• Epidemics
  • Estimated prevalence of undiagnosed HCV infected individuals in Italy: A mathematical model by route of transmission and fibrosis progression [2021]

• Medicine
  • Epidemiological burden estimates for pathologies with a nonconstant risk: an application to HCV in Italy according to age, Metavir score, and genotype [2016]

• New Microbiologica
  • Prevalence of hepatitis C virus estimates of undiagnosed individuals in different Italian regions: a mathematical modelling approach by route of transmission and fibrosis progression with results up to January 2021 [2022]

Japan

• Global Health & Medicine
  • Epidemiology of viral hepatitis C: Road to elimination in Japan [2021]

Kenya

• Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
  • The Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus in Kenya: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2024]

Latin America and the Caribbean

• International Journal of Public Health
  • Hepatitis C in key populations in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis [2015]

Lebanon

• Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research
  • Hepatitis C in Lebanon: the burden of the disease and the value of comprehensive screening and treatment [2018]

Lithuania

• Medicina
  • The Epidemiological Patterns of Hepatitis C in Lithuania: Changes in Surveillance from 2005 to 2018 [2021]

• Viruses
  • Hepatitis C Virus Epidemiology in Lithuania: Situation before Introduction of the National Screening Programme [2022]

Low-income countries

• Infectious Diseases of Poverty
  • Epidemiology and management of hepatitis C virus infections in immigrant populations [2019]

Macedonia

• Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics
  • Study of the Hepatitis C Virus in the Republic of Macedonia [2012]

Maghreb

• PLoS ONE
  • The Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus in the Maghreb Region: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses [2015]

Malaysia

• PLoS ONE
  • Projections of the Current and Future Disease Burden of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Malaysia [2015]

Mexico

• Annals of Hepatology
  • Hepatitis C mortality trends in Mexico from 2001 to 2017 [2023]
  • A comprehensive update of the status of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Mexico—A systematic review and meta-analysis (2008–2019) [2021]

Middle East, North Africa

• Hepatology Communications
  • Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Populations With Liver-Related Diseases in the Middle East and North Africa [2020]

• Infection, Genetics and Evolution
  • Sub-genotypes of hepatitis C virus in the Middle East and North Africa: Patterns of distribution and temporal changes [2023]

• PLoS ONE
  • Hepatitis C virus viremic rate in the Middle East and North Africa: Systematic synthesis, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions [2017]
  • Hepatitis C Virus Epidemiology in Djibouti, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2016]
  • The Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus in the Fertile Crescent: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2015]

• Scientific Reports
  • Characterizing trends and associations for hepatitis C virus antibody prevalence in the Middle East and North Africa: meta-regression analyses [2022]

Moldova

• Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
  • Epidemiology of hepatitis C in the Republic of Moldova: achievements and remaining challenges in prevention and control [2016]

Mongolia

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus in Mongolia: Systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]

Myanmar

• PLoS ONE
  • Intermediate hepatitis C virus (HCV) endemicity and its genotype distribution in Myanmar: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

North Africa

• Scientific World Journal
  • Hepatitis C Virus in North Africa: An Emerging Threat [2016]

Pakistan

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Characterization of the hepatitis C virus epidemic in Pakistan [2019]

• Royal Society Open Science
  • The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Pakistan: systematic review and meta-analyses [2018]

• Virology Journal
  • Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in Pakistan: a systemic review [2011]

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Hepatitis C virus prevalence and genotype distribution in Pakistan: Comprehensive review of recent data [2016]
  • Hepatitis C virus in Pakistan: A systematic review of prevalence, genotypes and risk factors [2009]

Poland

• Clinical and Experimental Hepatology
  • Perspectives of hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination in Poland [2019]
  • Prevalence of HCV genotypes in Poland – the EpiTer study [2016]

• EuroSurveillance
  • Anti-hepatitis C virus seroprevalence in the working age population in Poland, 2004 to 2014 [2017]

Qatar

• Scientific Reports
  • Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Qatar's resident population based on a national screening campaign [2025]

Republic of Korea

• BMC Public Health
  • Temporal and geospatial patterns of hepatitis C virus prevalence: a longitudinal examination using national health insurance service data in the Republic of Korea (2005-2022) [2025]

• Clinical and Molecular Hepatology
  • Comparison and analysis of the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection by region in the Republic of Korea during 2005-2012 [2015]

• Epidemiology and Health
  • Epidemiology and treatment status of hepatitis C virus infection among people who have ever injected drugs in Korea: a prospective multicenter cohort study from 2007 to 2019 in comparison with non-PWID [2021]

• Gut and Liver
  • Prevalence, Awareness, and Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in South Korea: Evidence from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [2019]
  • Regional Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the Republic of Korea, 2007–2011 [2014]

Romania

• EuroSurveillance
  • Prevalence of chronic hepatitis C infection in the general population: results from a national survey, Romania, 2020 to 2023 [2024]

Russia

• Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research
  • Hepatitis C in the Russian Federation: challenges and future directions [2016]

Rwanda

• BMJ Open
  • Screening a nation for hepatitis C virus elimination: a cross-sectional study on prevalence of hepatitis C and associated risk factors in the Rwandan general population [2019]

South-East Asia

• PLoS ONE
  • Prevalence of HCV genotypes and subtypes in Southeast Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]

Spain

• EuroSurveillance
  • Increasing importance of European lineages in seeding the hepatitis C virus subtype 1a epidemic in Spain [2019]

• Journal of Clinical Medicine
  • Epidemiological Trend of Sepsis in Patients with Hospital Admissions Related to Hepatitis C in Spain (2000–2015): A Nationwide Study [2020]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • A Synthesis of Hepatitis C prevalence estimates in Sub-Saharan Africa: 2000–2013 [2016]

• Liver International
  • Prevalence, trends, and distribution of hepatitis C virus among the general population in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

Switzerland

• European Journal of Public Health
  • Birth year distribution in reported hepatitis C cases in Switzerland [2014]

• Liver International
  • HCV disease burden and population segments in Switzerland [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Modeling the Health and Economic Burden of Hepatitis C Virus in Switzerland [2015]

• Swiss Medical Weekly
  • Hepatitis C antibody test frequencies and positive rates in Switzerland from 2007 to 2017: a retrospective longitudinal study [2023]
  • The epidemiology of hepatitis C in Switzerland: trends in notifications, 1988–2015 [2018]

Taiwan

• Hepatology Communications
  • Secular Trends and Geographic Maps of Hepatitis C Virus Infection among 4 Million Blood Donors in Taiwan from 1999 to 2017 [2020]

• Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
  • The epidemiological profile of chronic hepatitis C with advanced hepatic fibrosis regarding virus genotype in Taiwan: A nationwide study [2021]

Thailand

• PLoS ONE
  • Decreasing Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Thailand in the Past Decade: Evidence from the 2014 National Survey [2016]

Tunisia

• Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation
  • National Epidemiological Study about Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Dialysis Patients [2021]

United Kingdom

• EuroSurveillance
  • Mortality rates among individuals diagnosed with hepatitis C virus (HCV); an observational cohort study, England, 2008 to 2016 [2019]

• UK Health Security Agency
  • Hepatitis C in England and the UK

United States

• Advances in Therapy
  • Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Individuals with Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the United States, 2017–2019 [2021]
  • Estimating the Year Each State in the United States Will Achieve the World Health Organization’s Elimination Targets for Hepatitis C [2020]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Vital Signs: Newly Reported Acute and Chronic Hepatitis C Cases - United States, 2009-2018 [2020]
  • State HCV Incidence and Policies Related to HCV Preventive and Treatment Services for Persons Who Inject Drugs — United States, 2015–2016 [2017]
  • Hepatitis C Surveillance 2022

• Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • Evolving epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in the United States [2012]

• Hepatitis C Online
  • HCV Epidemiology in the United States

• Hepatology
  • County-Level Variation in Hepatitis C Virus Mortality and Trends in the United States, 2005-2017 [2021]

• Hepatology Communications
  • Hepatitis C Virus Prevalence in 50 U.S. States and D.C. by Sex, Birth Cohort, and Race: 2013-2016 [2020]

• PLoS ONE
  • Prevalence and associated risk factors of current hepatitis C infection among U.S. general population and injection drug users aged 20-59 years: NHANES 2009-2018 [2024]

Upper middle income countries

• PLoS ONE
  • Estimating the prevalence of hepatitis C among intravenous drug users in upper middle income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Hepatitis C (WHO Mortality Database)

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: implications for strategic action [2020]

WHO Western Pacific Region

• Viruses
  • Systematic Review of Hepatitis C Virus Prevalence in the WHO Western Pacific Region [2022]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Hepatitis: epidemiology
  • Hepatitis C