Australia - Australia, New Zealand - Brazil - Canada - China, Spain - Denmark - Europe, United States - Finland - France - France, Belgium - Germany - High-income countries - International - Low and middle income countries - Norway - Poland - Saudi Arabia - Sweden - United Kingdom - United States - {Related topics}

Australia

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Uptake of external cephalic version for term breech presentation: an Australian population study, 2002–2012 [2017]

• NSW Health
  • Maternity - Supporting Women Planning a Vaginal Breech Birth
  • Maternity - External Cephalic Version

Australia, New Zealand

• Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Management of breech presentation [2021]

Brazil

• Federação Brasileira das Associações de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
  • Breech birth care: Number 1 - 2024 [2024]

• Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
  • Elective cesarean section for term breech delivery [2015]

Canada

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Outcomes with cesarean delivery vs vaginal birth in extremely preterm breech singletons [2025]

• Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
  • Management of Breech Presentation at Term [2019]

China, Spain

• International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia
  • Systematic review of the effectiveness of remifentanil in term breech pregnancies undergoing external cephalic version [2023]

Denmark

• PLOS One
  • Maternal outcomes of planned mode of delivery for term breech in nulliparous women [2024]

Europe, United States

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Cesarean delivery is associated with lower neonatal mortality among breech pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preterm deliveries <=32 weeks of gestation [2024]

Finland

• Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
  • Birth injury in breech delivery: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Finland [2023]
  • Risk factors for adverse outcomes in vaginal preterm breech labor [2021]
  • Term cesarean breech delivery in the first pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for maternal and neonatal morbidity in the subsequent delivery: a national cohort study [2020]
  • A comparison of risk factors for breech presentation in preterm and term labor: a nationwide, population-based case–control study [2020]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Neonatal outcome in vaginal breech labor at 32 + 0-36 + 0 weeks of gestation: a nationwide, population-based record linkage study [2022]

France

• Collège National des Gynécologues et Obstétriciens Français
  • Breech presentation: Clinical practice guidelines from the French College of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF) [2020]

France, Belgium

• Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
  • Is induction of labor a reasonable option for breech presentation? [2019]

Germany

• Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
  • Comparative analysis of maternal and neonatal outcomes in cases of vaginal breech births versus cases of vaginal cephalic births: a retrospective cohort study [2025]

• Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
  • Current Approach for External Cephalic Version in Germany [2020]

• PLOS One
  • New MRI Criteria for Successful Vaginal Breech Delivery in Primiparae [2016]

High-income countries

• Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
  • Contraindications in national guidelines for vaginal breech delivery at term: Comparison, consensus, and controversy [2024]

• European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
  • Not too fast, not too slow: A review of historical trends in vaginal breech time management [2023]

• Midwifery
  • Consensus-based recommendations for the care of women with a breech presenting fetus [2024]

International

• Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
  • Term breech presentation-Intended cesarean section versus intended vaginal delivery-A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Revisiting the management of term breech presentation: a proposal for overcoming some of the controversies [2020]

• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Cephalic version by moxibustion for breech presentation [2023]

• Journal of Global Health
  • Maternal and fetal risks of planned vaginal breech delivery vs planned caesarean section for term breech birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• Medical Journal of Malaysia
  • Reconsideration of planned vaginal breech delivery in selected cases [2021]

• Médecins Sans Frontières
  • Breech presentation [2019]

• Systematic Reviews
  • Effect of anesthesia on the success rate of external cephalic version: GRADE- assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [2024]

• Women and Birth
  • Breech presentation management: A critical review of leading clinical practice guidelines [2022]

Low and middle income countries

• Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
  • Malpresentation in low- and middle-income countries: associations with perinatal and maternal outcomes in the Global Network [2019]

Norway

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Adherence to guidelines and suboptimal practice in term breech delivery with perinatal death- a population-based case-control study in Norway [2019]
  • Vaginal breech delivery: results of a prospective registration study [2013]

• Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
  • Use of external cephalic version for breech presentation at term: A national survey of Norwegian birth units [2022]

Poland

• Ginekologia Polska
  • Strategies to reduce cesarean deliveries: surveying Polish obstetricians on external cephalic version practices [2025]
  • Professional perspectives on external cephalic version: survey results among Polish midwives and obstetricians [2025]

Saudi Arabia

• Saudi Medical Journal
  • Is the art of assisted breech delivery still fading in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia? [2018]

Sweden

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Risk factors during pregnancy and delivery for the development of Perthes’ disease, a nationwide Swedish study of 2.1 million individuals [2020]

• Scientific Reports
  • If the first child is breech, overall outcomes for families with two children are similar regardless of the mode of the first birth [2024]

United Kingdom

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Management of breech presentation [2021]
  • Identification of breech presentation [2021]

• Right Decisions
  • Breech presentation management

• Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Management of Breech Presentation [2017]
  • External Cephalic Version and Reducing the Incidence of Term Breech Presentation [2017]

United States

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • Mode of Term Singleton Breech Delivery [2018]

• Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction
  • Neonatal outcomes of planned vaginal delivery versus planned cesarean section for breech presentation at term: Population-based study on 546,842 breech births across the United States between 2008 and 2017 [2024]

• PLOS One
  • Maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with breech presentation in planned community (home and birth center) births in the United States: A prospective observational cohort study [2024]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Labor, delivery, childbirth
  • Dystocia