Labor, delivery : Guidelines, reviews, statements, recommendations, standards

Obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive medicine guidelines

Labor, delivery, postpartum

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Labor, delivery

Australia - Australia, New Zealand - Belgium - Brazil - Canada - China - Egypt - Ethiopia - Europe

High-income countries - India - Indonesia - International - Ireland - Japan

Low and middle-income countries - Nigeria - Nigeria, Uganda - Sri Lanka - Sub-Saharan Africa

Taiwan - Tanzania - Thai-Myanmar border - United Kingdom - United States of America - WHO

{Related topics}

BMJ Open
- Maternal and perinatal outcomes by planned place of birth in Australia 2000 – 2012: a linked population data study [2019]

Queensland Clinical Guidelines
- Normal birth

Australia, New Zealand

Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
- Warm water immersion during labour and birth [2017]
- Provision of routine intrapartum care in the absence of pregnancy complications [2017]

BMJ Open
- Nationwide population-based cohort study of uterine rupture in Belgium: results from the Belgian Obstetric Surveillance System [2016]

Reproductive Health
- Good practices according to WHO’s recommendation for normal labor and birth and women’s assessment of the care received: the “birth in Brazil” national research study, 2011/2012 [2016]

Perinatal Services BC
- Core Competencies for Management of Labour [2011]
- Triage and Assessment Record & Labour Partogram Toolkit

Provincial Council for Maternal and Child Health
- Quality-Based Procedure for Low Risk Birth

Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
- Assisted Vaginal Birth [2019]
- Management of Spontaneous Labour at Term in Healthy Women [2016]

Statistics Canada
- Births and birth rates

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Analyzing the Study of Using Acupuncture in Delivery in the Past Ten Years in China [2014]

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
- Childbirth care in Egypt: a repeat cross-sectional analysis using Demographic and Health Surveys between 1995 and 2014 examining use of care, provider mix and immediate postpartum care content [2020]

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
- Implementing a modified World Health Organization safe childbirth checklist in health centers of Ethiopia: a pre and post intervention study [2021]

International Journal of Women's Health
- Factors associated with institutional delivery service utilization in Ethiopia [2016]

Reproductive Health
- Birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and Meta-analysis [2018]

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
- Wide differences in mode of delivery within Europe: risk-stratified analyses of aggregated routine data from the Euro-Peristat study [2016]

High-income countries

PLoS Medicine
- Variations in use of childbirth interventions in 13 high-income countries: A multinational cross-sectional study [2020]

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
- Effectiveness of the WHO SCC on improving adherence to essential practices during childbirth, in resource constrained settings [2016]
- Adherence to evidence based care practices for childbirth before and after a quality improvement intervention in health facilities of Rajasthan, India [2014]

Reproductive Health
- Outcomes by birth setting and caregiver for low risk women in Indonesia: a systematic literature review [2019]

Best Practice & Research: Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
- Optimal Intrapartum Care [2020]

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
- Diagnostic accuracy of the partograph alert and action lines to predict adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review [2019]
- WHO model of intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience: Transforming care of women and babies for improved health and well-being [2018]
- Respectful care during childbirth in health facilities globally: a qualitative evidence synthesis [2018]
- Cervical dilatation patterns of ‘low-risk’ women with spontaneous labour and normal perinatal outcomes: a systematic review [2017]

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
- Duration of spontaneous labour in ‘low-risk’ women with ‘normal’ perinatal outcomes: A systematic review [2018]

Global Health: Science and Practice
- Mapping the Prevalence and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Women Who Deliver Alone: Evidence From Demographic and Health Surveys From 80 Countries [2016]

International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
- FIGO Statement: Staffing requirements for delivery care, with special reference to low- and middle-income countries [2019]
- Management of the second stage of labor [2012]

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
- Formative research and development of innovative tools for “Better Outcomes in Labour Difficulty” (BOLD) [2017]

International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
- ISUOG Practice Guidelines: intrapartum ultrasound [2018]

PLoS ONE
- What matters to women during childbirth: A systematic qualitative review [2018]

Reproductive Health
- Effectiveness of respectful care policies for women using routine intrapartum services: a systematic review [2018]

United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF
- Delivery care

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
- Regional variation in obstetrical intervention for hospital birth in the Republic of Ireland, 2005--2009 [2012]

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
- A cross-sectional survey of policies guiding second stage labor in urban Japanese hospitals, clinics and midwifery birth centers [2016]

Low and middle-income countries

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- Factors that influence the provision of intrapartum and postnatal care by skilled birth attendants in low- and middle-income countries: a qualitative evidence synthesis [2017]

PLoS ONE
- Scoping review to identify and map the health personnel considered skilled birth attendants in low-and-middle income countries from 2000–2015 [2019]

Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research
- Spousal Participation in Labor and Delivery in Nigeria [2014]

Nigeria, Uganda

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
- Cervical dilatation over time is a poor predictor of severe adverse birth outcomes: a diagnostic accuracy study [2018]

Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
- Management of Labour [2014]

Sub-Saharan Africa

Journal of Global Health
- Time trends in facility-based and private-sector childbirth care: analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys from 25 sub-Saharan African countries from 2000 to 2016 [2019]

PLoS Medicine
- Progression of the first stage of spontaneous labour: A prospective cohort study in two sub-Saharan African countries [2018]

PLoS ONE
- A look back on how far to walk: Systematic review and meta-analysis of physical access to skilled care for childbirth in Sub-Saharan Africa [2017]

Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- A proposed mother-friendly childbirth model for Taiwanese women and obstetricians' attitudes toward it [2015]

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
- Local adaption of intrapartum clinical guidelines, United Republic of Tanzania [2019]

Thai-Myanmar border

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
- Quality of intrapartum care by skilled birth attendants in a refugee clinic on the Thai-Myanmar border: a survey using WHO Safe Motherhood Needs Assessment [2015]

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
- What influences birth place preferences, choices and decision-making amongst healthy women with straightforward pregnancies in the UK? A qualitative evidence synthesis using a ‘best fit’ framework approach [2017]
- Women’s birth place preferences in the United Kingdom: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of the quantitative literature [2016]

GG&C Paediatric Guidelines
- Criteria for attendance at delivery by neonatal staff [2017]

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
- Intrapartum care: existing medical conditions and obstetric complications [2020]
- Intrapartum care for women with existing medical conditions or obstetric complications and their babies [2019]
- Intrapartum care for healthy women and babies [2017]
- Intrapartum care [2017]
- Intrapartum care

NHS Digital
- NHS Maternity Statistics

Regulation and Quality Improvement Authority
- Guideline for the Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of Hyponatraemia in Labour and the Immediate Postpartum Period [2017]

Royal College of Anaesthetists
- Care of the critically ill woman in childbirth; enhanced maternal care 2018 [2018]

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
- Operative Vaginal Delivery (Consent Advice) [2010]
- Safer Childbirth Minimum Standards for the Organisation and Delivery of Care in Labour [2007]

United States of America

American Academy of Pediatrics
- Immersion in Water During Labor and Delivery [2014]

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
- Medically Indicated Late-Preterm and Early-Term Deliveries [2021]
- Avoidance of Nonmedically Indicated Early-Term Deliveries and Associated Neonatal Morbidities [2019]
- Approaches to Limit Intervention During Labor and Birth [2019]
- Immersion in Water During Labor and Delivery [2016]

American Family Physician
- Management of Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery [2015]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Births - Method of Delivery
- Birth Data

Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
- Management of Labor: Are the New Guidelines Justified? [2018]
- A Model Practice Template for Hydrotherapy in Labor and Birth [2017]

Journal of Perinatal Education
- Birth, Bath, and Beyond: The Science and Safety of Water Immersion During Labor and Birth [2014]

North Carolina Medical Journal
- The perinatal quality collaborative of North Carolina's 39 weeks project: a quality improvement program to decrease elective deliveries before 39 weeks of gestation [2014]

World Health Organization
- WHO labour care guide: user’s manual [2020]
- Companion of choice during labour and childbirth for improved quality of care [2020]
- Interregional technical consultation: learning from implementation of the WHO safe childbirth checklist: Colombo, Sri-Lanka, 28-30 August 2017 [2019]
- WHO recommendations: intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience [2018]
- WHO recommendation on routine vaginal cleansing during labour [2018]
- WHO recommendation on routine amniotomy for prevention of delay in labour [2018]
- WHO recommendation on respectful maternity care during labour and childbirth [2018]
- WHO recommendation on progress of the first stage of labour: diagnostic test accuracy of a 1–cm/hour cervical dilatation rate threshold [2018]
- WHO recommendation on progress of the first stage of labour: application of slow-yet-normal cervical dilatation patterns for labour management [2018]
- WHO recommendation on perineal/pubic shaving at birth [2018]
- WHO recommendation on oral fluid and food intake during labour [2018]
- WHO recommendation on method of pushing [2018]
- WHO recommendation on maternal mobility and position during labour [2018]
- WHO recommendation on labour ward admission policy [2018]
- WHO recommendation on intravenous fluids for preventing labour delay [2018]
- WHO recommendation on fundal pressure to facilitate childbirth [2018]
- WHO recommendation on effective communication between maternity care providers and women in labour [2018]
- WHO recommendation on early amniotomy and oxytocin for prevention of delay in labour [2018]
- WHO recommendation on duration of the first stage of labour [2018]
- WHO recommendation on digital vaginal examination [2018]
- WHO recommendation on definitions of the latent and active first stages of labour [2018]
- WHO recommendation on definition and duration of the second stage of labour [2018]
- WHO recommendation on continuity of care for a positive childbirth experience [2018]
- WHO recommendation on companionship during labour and childbirth [2018]
- WHO recommendation on clinical pelvimetry on admission [2018]
- WHO recommendation on birth position (for women without epidural analgesia) [2018]
- WHO recommendation on antispasmodic agents for prevention of delay in labour [2018]
- WHO recommendation on administration of enema on admission [2018]
- WHO recommendation on active management of labour [2018]
- Definition of skilled health personnel providing care during childbirth: the 2018 joint statement by WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF, ICM, ICN, FIGO and IPA [2018]
- WHO safe childbirth checklist collaboration evaluation report [2017]
- WHO recommendation on partnership with Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) [2015]
- WHO recommendation on digital vaginal examination at intervals of four hours for routine assessment of active first stage of labour in low-risk women [2015]
- WHO recommendation on companion of choice at birth [2015]
- WHO recommendation on birth preparedness and complication readiness [2015]
- WHO recommendation against routine vaginal cleansing with chlorhexidine during labour for the purpose of preventing infectious morbidities [2015]
- WHO recommendation against routine perineal/pubic shaving prior to giving vaginal birth [2015]
- WHO recommendation against routine antibiotic prophylaxis for women with uncomplicated vaginal birth [2015]
- WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist Implementation Guide [2015]
- WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist [2015]
- Recommendations for Augmentation of Labour [2015]
- WHO recommendations for augmentation of labour [2014]
- WHO recommendation on the use of oxytocin alone for treatment of delay in labour [2014]
- WHO recommendation on the use of oral misoprostol for labour augmentation [2014]
- WHO recommendation on the use of intravenous fluids with the aim of shortening the duration of labour [2014]
- WHO recommendation on the use of internal tocodynamometry, compared with external tocodynamometry, in women with augmented labour [2014]
- WHO recommendation on the use of early amniotomy with early oxytocin augmentation for prevention of delay in labour [2014]
- WHO recommendation on the use of antispasmodic agents for prevention of delay in labour [2014]
- WHO recommendation on the use of amniotomy and oxytocin for treatment of confirmed delay in labour [2014]
- WHO recommendation on the use of amniotomy alone for treatment of confirmed delay in labour [2014]
- WHO recommendation on the use of amniotomy alone for prevention of delay in labour [2014]
- WHO recommendation on the use of active phase partograph with a four-hour action line for monitoring the progress of labour [2014]
- WHO recommendation on the use of a package of care for active management of labour for prevention of delay in labour [2014]
- WHO recommendation on oral fluid and food intake during labour for women at low risk [2014]
- WHO recommendation on high starting and increment dosage regimen of oxytocin for labour augmentation [2014]
- WHO recommendation on continuous companionship during labour [2014]
- WHO recommendation on augmentation with intravenous oxytocin prior to confirmation of delay in labour [2014]
- WHO recommendation on adoption of mobility and upright position during labour in women at low risk [2014]
- WHO recommendation on administration of enema for reducing the use of labour augmentation [2014]
- WHO recommendations on intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience
- WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist
- Births attended by skilled health personnel - Data by country

{Related topics}

Guidelines
- Third stage of labor
- Shoulder dystocia
- Premature rupture of membranes
- Premature labor, preterm delivery
- Postpartum (puerperium)
- Obstetrics, perinatology
- Obstetrical forceps, vacuum extraction
- Obstetrical analgesia and anesthesia
- Neonatology
- Maternal and neonatal infections
- Labor, delivery
- Induction of labor
- Home birth
- Fetal monitoring
- Fetal distress
- Episiotomy, perineal trauma
- Dystocia
- Cesarean section
- Cerebral palsy
- Breech presentation
- Breastfeeding