Labor, delivery, postpartum

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Postpartum depression, perinatal depression

Africa

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Epidemiology of antenatal depression in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

• Pan African Medical Journal
  • The magnitude of postpartum depression among mothers in Africa: a literature review [2020]

• PLoS ONE
  • Epidemiology of postnatal depression and its associated factors in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

Australia

• Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità
  • An Australian perspective on treating perinatal depression and anxiety: a brief review of efficacy and evidence-based practice in screening, psychosocial assessment and management [2021]

• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
  • Perinatal depression: data from the 2010 Australian National Infant Feeding Survey [2012]

• BMC Psychiatry
  • Enhancing reciprocal partner support to prevent perinatal depression and anxiety: a Delphi consensus study [2016]

• BMJ Open
  • Lifetime prevalence and correlates of perinatal depression in a case-cohort study of depression [2022]

Australia, Canada, United States

• Archives of Women's Mental Health
  • A systematic review of EPDS cultural suitability with Indigenous mothers: a global perspective [2021]

Brazil

• Sao Paulo Medical Journal
  • Prevalence of depressive disorders among pregnant women in Brazil in 2019: A descriptive cross-sectional study [2024]

Canada

• BMJ Open
  • Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of major congenital malformations in a cohort of depressed pregnant women: an updated analysis of the Quebec Pregnancy Cohort [2017]

• Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
  • Overestimation of Postpartum Depression Prevalence Based on a 5-item Version of the EPDS: Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis [2020]
  • Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder [2016]

• Canadian Journal of Public Health
  • Symptoms of postpartum anxiety and depression among women in Canada: findings from a national cross-sectional survey [2021]
  • Postpartum depression prevalence and risk factors among Indigenous, non-Indigenous and immigrant women in Canada [2019]

• Canadian Paediatric Society
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy: Infant and childhood outcomes [2021]

• Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care
  • Screening for depression among the general adult population and in women during pregnancy or the first-year postpartum: two systematic reviews to inform a guideline of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care [2022]
  • Recommendation on instrument-based screening for depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period [2022]
  • Depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period (2022) [2022]

China

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Psychosocial risk factors for postpartum depression in Chinese women: a meta-analysis [2021]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Association between maternal depression and neonatal outcomes: Evidence from a survey of nationally representative longitudinal studies [2022]

• Journal of Affective Disorders
  • Psychosocial interventions on perinatal depression in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

• PLoS ONE
  • Maternal postnatal confinement practices and postpartum depression in Chinese populations: A systematic review [2023]

Denmark

• Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
  • Mirtazapine exposure in pregnancy and fetal safety: A nationwide cohort study [2022]

• Brain and Behavior
  • Trend of antidepressants before, during, and after pregnancy across two decades—A population-based study [2019]

• Journal of Affective Disorders
  • Time trends in incidence of postpartum depression and depression in women of reproductive age [2024]

• Maturitas
  • The association between postpartum depression and perimenopausal depression: A nationwide register-based cohort study [2023]

Ethiopia

• BMC Psychiatry
  • Perinatal depression and associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Exploring paternal postpartum depression and contributing factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• PLoS ONE
  • Antenatal depression among pregnant women in Ethiopia: An umbrella review [2025]
  • Prevalence and associated factors of post-partum depression in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
  • Prevalence and determinants of antenatal depression in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]

• Public Health Reviews
  • Postpartum depression and associated factors among postpartum women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 2020 [2020]

• Reproductive Health
  • The epidemiology of postnatal depression in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

Europe

• EUROCAT
  • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Antidepressants in Pregnancy and Congenital Anomalies: Analysis of Linked Databases in Wales, Norway and Funen, Denmark [2016]

High-income countries

• Archives of Women's Mental Health
  • Association between maternity leave policies and postpartum depression: a systematic review [2023]

India

• BMC Psychiatry
  • Validated screening tools to identify common mental disorders in perinatal and postpartum women in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Postpartum depression in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2017]

• Cureus
  • A Review on Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression in India and Its Management [2022]

Indonesia

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
  • Postpartum Depression in Young Mothers in Urban and Rural Indonesia [2023]

International

• Archives of Women's Mental Health
  • Effectiveness of digital psychological interventions in reducing perinatal depression: a systematic review of meta-analyses [2023]

• Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
  • Guidelines on treatment of perinatal depression with antidepressants: An international review [2018]

• BMC Medicine
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use during early pregnancy and congenital malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of more than 9 million births [2018]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Appraisal of systematic reviews on interventions for postpartum depression: systematic review [2021]

• BMC Psychiatry
  • Exploring Heterogeneity in perinatal depression: a comprehensive review [2023]
  • Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy-based interventions for maternal perinatal depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Risk factors of perinatal depression in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • Prevalence of perinatal depression among HIV-positive women: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]

• BMC Public Health
  • Effect of different physical activity interventions on perinatal depression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis [2024]
  • Global burden of antenatal depression and its association with adverse birth outcomes: an umbrella review [2020]

• BMJ Open
  • Landscaping the evidence of intimate partner violence and postpartum depression: a systematic review [2022]

• Comprehensive Psychiatry
  • Mindfulness-based intervention for clinical and subthreshold perinatal depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial [2023]

• General Hospital Psychiatry
  • Effectiveness of interventions to prevent perinatal depression: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis [2023]

• JAMA Network Open
  • Assessment of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Maternal Postpartum Depression Using the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments Guideline: A Systematic Review [2022]

• Journal of Affective Disorders
  • Personality traits as a risk factor for postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • Effectiveness of psychological interventions in the treatment of perinatal depression: A systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses [2021]

• Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
  • Prevalence and correlates of perinatal depression [2023]

• Translational Psychiatry
  • Mapping global prevalence of depression among postpartum women [2021]

• Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
  • The Relationship Between a Lifetime History of Sexual Victimization and Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2023]

• Women's Health
  • Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes [2019]

Italy

• Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità
  • Epidemiology of perinatal depression in Italy: systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Consensus Panel Recommendations for the Pharmacological Management of Breastfeeding Women with Postpartum Depression [2024]
  • Consensus Panel Recommendations for the Pharmacological Management of Pregnant Women with Depressive Disorders [2023]

• Journal of Affective Disorders
  • Prevalence of maternal antenatal and postnatal depression and their association with sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors: A multicentre study in Italy [2021]

Japan

• Annals of General Psychiatry
  • Prevalence of perinatal depression among Japanese women: a meta-analysis [2020]

• Journal of Affective Disorders
  • Causal model of the association of social support during pregnancy with a perinatal and postpartum depressive state: A nationwide birth cohort - the Japan Environment and Children's Study [2022]
  • Influence of infants’ feeding patterns and duration on mothers’ postpartum depression: A nationwide birth cohort -The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) [2021]

• Social Science & Medicine
  • Pet ownership during pregnancy and mothers' mental health conditions up to 1 year postpartum: A nationwide birth cohort-the Japan Environment and Children's Study [2022]

Kosovo

• Women's Health
  • Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression in women in Kosovo [2025]

Low and middle income countries

• Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  • The content and delivery of psychological interventions for perinatal depression by non-specialist health workers in low and middle income countries: A systematic review [2014]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Postnatal depression and its association with adverse infant health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

• JAMA Psychiatry
  • Prevalence of Perinatal Depression in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2023]

• PLoS ONE
  • A systematic review of the association between perinatal depression and cognitive development in infancy in low and middle-income countries [2021]

Middle East

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in the Middle East: a systematic review and meta–analysis [2021]

Nordic countries

• PLoS ONE
  • Use of SSRI and SNRI Antidepressants during Pregnancy: A Population-Based Study from Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden [2015]

Norway

• Nursing Research and Practice
  • Postnatal Depression Is a Public Health Nursing Issue: Perspectives from Norway and Ireland [2013]

OECD countries

• Archives of Women's Mental Health
  • Perinatal depression screening: a systematic review of recommendations from member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) [2022]

Palestine

• BMC Psychology
  • Prevalence of depression and associated factors among critically ill pregnant women in Palestine [2025]

• BMC Public Health
  • Postpartum depression symptoms: prevalence, risk factors, and childbirth experiences in Palestine [2024]

Poland

• Ginekologia Polska
  • Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of postpartum depression [2021]

Singapore

• Singapore Medical Journal
  • Postnatal depression: a family medicine perspective [2013]

South Asia

• PLoS ONE
  • Social determinants of antenatal depression and anxiety among women in South Asia: A systematic review & meta-analysis [2022]

South-East Asia

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Maternal Depression during Pregnancy and Postpartum Period among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Countries: A Scoping Review [2023]

• Medical Journal of Malaysia
  • A 10-year systematic review and meta-analysis of determinants of postpartum depression in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries [2023]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Effect of postpartum depression on exclusive breast-feeding practices in sub-Saharan Africa countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]

• Women's Health
  • Characterization and stratification of the correlates of postpartum depression in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review with meta-analysis [2022]

Sweden

• European Heart Journal
  • Perinatal depression and risk of maternal cardiovascular disease: a Swedish nationwide study [2024]

• Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services
  • Women's experiences of psychological treatment and psychosocial interventions for postpartum depression: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis [2023]
  • Psychological Treatment for Postpartum Depression [2022]
  • Important research outcomes for treatment studies of perinatal depression: systematic overview and development of a core outcome set [2021]
  • Development of a Core Outcome Set (COS) for treatment of depression during or after pregnancy (antenatal and postpartum depression) [2020]

Taiwan

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Association of Postpartum Depression with Maternal Suicide: A Nationwide Population-Based Study [2022]

• Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
  • Postpartum Depression and Psychosis and Subsequent Severe Mental Illnesses in Mothers and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children: A Nationwide Study [2021]

• Journal of Personalized Medicine
  • Association of General Anesthesia and Neuraxial Anesthesia in Caesarean Section with Maternal Postpartum Depression: A Retrospective Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study [2022]

United Arab Emirates

• Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
  • Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression among women living in the United Arab Emirates [2023]

United Kingdom

• BMJ
  • Screening for postnatal depression in primary care: cost effectiveness analysis [2010]

• BMJ Paediatrics Open
  • Variation in the management of SSRI-exposed babies across England [2018]

• Health Technology Assessment
  • Antidepressants in pregnancy: applying causal epidemiological methods to understand service-use outcomes in women and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in exposed children [2023]

• Royal College of Psychiatrists
  • Postnatal depression information for carers [2018]

• UK National Screening Committee
  • Postnatal depression

United States

• Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
  • ABM Clinical Protocol #18: Use of Antidepressants in Breastfeeding Mothers [2015]

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
  • Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [2019]

• American Academy of Pediatrics
  • Incorporating Recognition and Management of Perinatal Depression Into Pediatric Practice [2019]

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • Zuranolone for the Treatment of Postpartum Depression [2023]
  • Screening for Perinatal Depression [2018]

• American Psychiatric Association
  • The management of depression during pregnancy: a report from the American Psychiatric Association and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [2009]

• Archives of Women's Mental Health
  • Trajectories of depressive symptoms among mothers of preterm and full-term infants in a national sample [2022]
  • Perinatal Depression: A Review of U.S. Legislation and Law [2013]

• Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
  • Maternal and Newborn Safety During the Administration of Brexanolone: AWHONN Practice Brief Number 10 [2020]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Vital Signs: Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Provider Discussions About Perinatal Depression — United States, 2018 [2020]
  • Trends in Postpartum Depressive Symptoms — 27 States, 2004, 2008, and 2012 [2017]

• Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
  • Perinatal depression: A review [2020]

• JAMA
  • Primary Care Screening for and Treatment of Depression in Pregnant and Postpartum Women: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force [2016]

• Journal of Affective Disorders
  • Trends in antenatal depression and suicidal ideation diagnoses among commercially insured childbearing individuals in the United States, 2008-2018 [2023]
  • Summary diagnostic validity of commonly used maternal major depression disorder case finding instruments in the United States: A meta-analysis [2016]
  • Diagnostic performance of major depression disorder case-finding instruments used among mothers of young children in the United States: A systematic review [2016]

• Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
  • Past Psychiatric Conditions as Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression: A Nationwide Cohort Study [2020]

• Journal of Perinatology
  • Disparities in antidepressant use in pregnancy [2014]

• Journal of Women's Health
  • Perinatal Depression: Challenges and Opportunities [2021]
  • Preventing Perinatal Depression Now: A Call to Action [2020]

• Medicaid
  • Maternal Depression Screening and Treatment: A Critical Role for Medicaid in the Care of Mothers and Children [2016]

• StatPearls
  • Postpartum Depression

• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
  • Perinatal Depression: Preventive Interventions [2023]

Vietnam

• BMC Women's Health
  • Postpartum depression in Vietnam: a scoping review of symptoms, consequences, and management [2023]

• Frontiers in Psychology
  • The Rate and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression in Vietnam From 2010 to 2020: A Literature Review [2021]

Western countries

• Archives of Women's Mental Health
  • Women's experiences of care and treatment preferences for perinatal depression: a systematic review [2023]

• Public Health Reviews
  • Positive postpartum depression screening practices and subsequent mental health treatment for low-income women in Western countries: a systematic literature review [2017]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Thinking healthy: a manual for psychosocial management of perinatal depression, WHO generic field-trial version 1.0, 2015 [2015]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Postpartum (puerperium)
  • Neurologic and mental disorders in pregnancy