Pregnancy

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Neurological and mental disorders in pregnancy and postpartum

Africa

• Archives of Women's Mental Health
  • The epidemiology of maternal mental health in Africa: a systematic review [2025]

Asia-Pacific

• Asian Journal of Psychiatry
  • Consensus statements on perinatal depression and anxiety in the Asia-Pacific region [2025]

Australia

• Australian Family Physician
  • Management of bipolar disorder over the perinatal period [2016]
  • Epilepsy in pregnancy: a collaborative team effort of obstetricians, neurologists and primary care physicians for a successful outcome [2014]

• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
  • Data opportunities in perinatal mental health screening [2023]
  • Perinatal mental health screening in Australia

• Centre of Perinatal Excellence
  • Mental health care in the perinatal period: Australian Clinical Practice Guideline [2023]

• Queensland Health
  • Perinatal mental health

• Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
  • Perinatal mental health

• SA Health
  • Suicidal Ideation and Self Harm
  • Significant Psychosocial Needs in Pregnancy
  • Seizures in Pregnancy
  • Psychotic Disorders in the Perinatal Period
  • Psychological Distress after Birth
  • Intravenous Phenytoin
  • Intent to Harm Fetus
  • Epilepsy in Pregnancy
  • Eating Disorders and Pregnancy
  • Concealed or Denied Pregnancy
  • Borderline Personality Disorder (& Emotional Dysregulation) in the Perinatal Period
  • Anxiety and Depression in the Perinatal Period

Australia, New Zealand

• Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Mental Health Care in the Perinatal Period [2021]

• Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists
  • Perinatal mental health services [2021]

Canada

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in pregnancy and the postpartum period [2024]

• Canadian Family Physician
  • Antiseizure drugs for women with epilepsy [2020]

• Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
  • Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Perinatal Mood, Anxiety, and Related Disorders [2025]

• Canadian Journal of Public Health
  • Improving maternal postpartum mental health screening guidelines requires assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder [2021]

• Canadian Pharmacists Journal
  • Antiseizure drugs and women: Challenges with contraception and pregnancy [2020]

• CMAJ
  • Perinatal suicide in Ontario, Canada: a 15-year population-based study [2017]

• Journal of Affective Disorders
  • Thoughts of self-harm and associated risk factors among postpartum women in Canada [2020]

• Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
  • Pregnancy outcomes of women with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab in Canada: A descriptive analysis of real-world data [2022]

• PCMCH
  • Perinatal Mental Health [2021]

• Perinatal Services BC
  • Mental Health During the Postpartum Period
  • Mental Health During Pregnancy

• PLoS ONE
  • Developing consensus to enhance perinatal mental health through a model of integrated care: Delphi study [2024]
  • Preconception risk factors and health care needs of pregnancy-planning women and men with a lifetime history or current mental illness: A nationwide survey [2022]

• Public Health Agency of Canada
  • Pregnancy and Women's Mental Health in Canada

• Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
  • Identification and Treatment of Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders [2024]
  • Perinatal Mental Health for Health Care Providers

Denmark

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM
  • Maternal antipsychotic use during pregnancy and congenital malformations [2023]

• Annals of Neurology
  • Maternal Epilepsy and Long-term Offspring Mortality: A Nationwide Cohort Study [2022]

• European Journal of Neurology
  • Pregnancy outcomes after early fetal exposure to injectable first-line treatments, dimethyl fumarate, or natalizumab in Danish women with multiple sclerosis [2023]

• Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
  • Associations Between ADHD Medication Use in Pregnancy and Severe Malformations Based on Prenatal and Postnatal Diagnoses: A Danish Registry-Based Study [2021]

• Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
  • Neonatal outcomes in women with Multiple Sclerosis - Influence of disease activity: A Danish nationwide cohort study [2024]
  • Pregnancy outcomes following maternal or paternal exposure to teriflunomide in the Danish MS population [2022]

• Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
  • Maternal stress during pregnancy and gestational duration: A cohort study from the Danish National Birth Cohort [2023]

• Pediatric Drugs
  • Prevalence and Temporal Trends of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Medication Fills During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding in Denmark [2025]

• Psychiatry Research
  • Prescription patterns of benzodiazepine and benzodiazepine-related drugs in the peripartum period: A population-based study [2020]

• Psychological Medicine
  • Self-harm in pregnancy and the postnatal year: prevalence and risk factors [2023]

Ethiopia

• BMC Psychiatry
  • Suicidal ideation and its associated factors among pregnant and post-partum women in Ethiopia, a systematic review and meta-analysis, 2025 [2025]
  • Common mental disorders and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

Europe

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Policy, service, and training provision for women following a traumatic birth: an international knowledge mapping exercise [2021]

• Brain
  • De-escalating and discontinuing disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis [2025]

• Drug Safety
  • Impact of 2018 EU Risk Minimisation Measures and Revised Pregnancy Prevention Programme on Utilisation and Prescribing Trends of Medicinal Products Containing Valproate: An Interrupted Time Series Study [2023]

• European Society of Clinical Pharmacy
  • Comparative efficacy and safety of alternatives to sodium valproate in the management of bipolar affective disorder in people of child-bearing age: a narrative review by the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy's mental health specialist interest group [2025]

• European Stroke Organisation
  • European Stroke Organisation guidelines on stroke in women: Management of menopause, pregnancy and postpartum [2022]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Prevalence of Antenatal Anxiety in European Women: A Literature Review [2023]

• Journal of Headache and Pain
  • Latest clinical recommendations on valproate use for migraine prophylaxis in women of childbearing age: overview from European Medicines Agency and European Headache Federation [2018]

• Journal of Neurology
  • Pregnancy outcomes in interferon-beta-exposed patients with multiple sclerosis: results from the European Interferon-beta Pregnancy Registry [2020]

• Molecular Genetics and Metabolism
  • European guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of phenylketonuria: First revision [2025]

• Multiple Sclerosis Journal
  • ECTRIMS/EAN consensus on vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis: Improving immunization strategies in the era of highly active immunotherapeutic drugs [2023]

• Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
  • Diagnosis and management of individuals with Fetal Valproate Spectrum Disorder; a consensus statement from the European Reference Network for Congenital Malformations and Intellectual Disability [2019]
  • The complete European guidelines on phenylketonuria: diagnosis and treatment [2017]

Europe, United States

• European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
  • Seizure prediction in pregnant women with epilepsy: An umbrella review of clinical practice guidelines and systematic reviews [2025]

Finland

• Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
  • Traumatic brain injury during pregnancy is associated with increased rate of cesarean section: a nationwide multi-register study in Finland [2023]

Finland, Sweden

• Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
  • Prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes after exposure to interferon beta prior to or during pregnancy in women with MS: Stratification by maternal and newborn characteristics in a register-based cohort study in Finland and Sweden [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • The association between exposure to interferon-beta during pregnancy and birth measurements in offspring of women with multiple sclerosis [2019]

France

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Pregnancy planning and acceptance and maternal psychological distress during pregnancy: results from the National Perinatal Survey, France, 2016 [2022]

• BMJ Open
  • Risk of early neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with prenatal exposure to the antiepileptic drugs most commonly used during pregnancy: a French nationwide population-based cohort study [2020]

• Neurology
  • Investigating the Long-term Effect of Pregnancy on the Course of Multiple Sclerosis Using Causal Inference [2023]
  • Incidence and Time Trends of Pregnancy-Related Stroke Between 2010 and 2018: The Nationwide CONCEPTION Study [2022]

• Revue Neurologique
  • Migraine treatment: Position paper of the French Headache Society [2024]

Germany

• Scientific Reports
  • Trends in use of antiseizure medication and treatment pattern during the first trimester in the German Embryotox cohort [2024]

• Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy
  • Increasing use of newer antiseizure medication during pregnancy: An observational study with special focus on lacosamide [2023]

Ghana

• WHO African Region
  • Strengthening Maternal Mental Health in Ghana - Situational analysis of maternal mental health services in Ghana [2024]

High-income countries

• Birth
  • Mode of birth and development of maternal postnatal post-traumatic stress disorder: A mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • A systematic review of the clinical practice guidelines for the assessment, management and treatment of eating disorders during the perinatal period [2025]

• BMC Psychiatry
  • Screening programs for common maternal mental health disorders among perinatal women: report of the systematic review of evidence [2022]

• Journal of Headache and Pain
  • Migraine and pregnancy-related headaches as a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of over 94 million pregnancies [2025]

Hong Kong

• Hong Kong Medical Journal
  • Update to the Hong Kong Epilepsy Guideline: evidence-based recommendations for clinical management of women with epilepsy throughout the reproductive cycle [2020]

India

• Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India
  • Epilepsy [2024]

• Indian Journal of Pharmacology
  • Psychopharmacoteratophobia: Excessive fear of malformation associated with prescribing psychotropic drugs during pregnancy: An Indian perspective [2015]

• Indian Journal of Psychiatry
  • Management of Psychiatric Disorders during the Perinatal Period [2022]

• Journal of Public Health Policy
  • Recommendations for maternal mental health policy in India [2023]

• Neurology India
  • Valproic Acid in Women of Reproductive Potential: Panacea or Pandora's Box [2025]

International

• Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
  • Association between migraine, migraine subtype, and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • The effect of digital health interventions on postpartum depression or anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [2024]
  • Preventing posttraumatic stress disorder following childbirth: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• American Journal of Psychiatry
  • Lithium Exposure During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Safety and Efficacy Outcomes [2020]

• Archives of Women's Mental Health
  • Screening instruments for antenatal and postpartum mental health disorders in migrant women: a systematic review [2025]
  • Digital screening for mental health in pregnancy and postpartum: A systematic review [2024]
  • Indigenous approaches to perinatal mental health: a systematic review with critical interpretive synthesis [2023]
  • Associations between maternal psychological distress and mother-infant bonding: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • An international position paper on mother-infant (perinatal) mental health, with guidelines for clinical practice [2016]

• BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology
  • Olanzapine in pregnancy and breastfeeding: a review of data from global safety surveillance [2013]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • The efficacy of collaborative psychological interventions in reducing anxiety levels in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Panic disorder during pregnancy and the first three years after delivery: a systematic review [2025]
  • Associations between PTSD and pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and Meta- analysis [2025]
  • Breastfeeding experiences of women with perinatal mental health problems: a systematic review and thematic synthesis [2024]
  • Measurement of pregnancy-related anxiety worldwide: a systematic review [2022]
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy [2021]

• BMC Psychiatry
  • Mental health-related telemedicine interventions for pregnant women and new mothers: a systematic literature review [2023]

• BMJ Open
  • Virtual reality for the treatment of perinatal mental health: a rapid scoping review [2025]
  • Meta-review of the barriers and facilitators to women accessing perinatal mental healthcare [2023]

• British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
  • Antiseizure medication use during pregnancy and neonatal growth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Monotherapy treatment of epilepsy in pregnancy: congenital malformation outcomes in the child [2023]

• Depression and Anxiety
  • Perinatal Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Maternal Parenting Behavior During the First Three Years Postpartum: A Systematic Review [2025]
  • A Systematic Review of Factors Associated With Treatment Engagement and Outcome for Women in the Perinatal Period Receiving Individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for Depression, Anxiety, and Trauma-Related Disorders [2025]

• Eating Disorders
  • Disordered eating instruments in the pregnancy cohort: a systematic review update [2025]

• Frontiers in Psychiatry
  • Maternal Suicide Ideation and Behaviour During Pregnancy and the First Postpartum Year: A Systematic Review of Psychological and Psychosocial Risk Factors [2022]

• General Hospital Psychiatry
  • The relationship between prenatal anxiety and gestational age: A systematic review [2025]

• Ginekologia Polska
  • Postpartum emotional disorders - a narrative review [2025]

• Global Mental Health
  • Global variation in the assessment of psychological trauma in pregnancy [2025]

• International Breastfeeding Journal
  • Efficacy of behavioral interventions to improve maternal mental health and breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review [2022]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Body Image Assessment Tools in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review [2023]

• International Journal of Women's Health
  • Epilepsy during pregnancy: focus on management strategies [2016]

• International League Against Epilepsy
  • Global Survey of Guidelines for the Management of Epilepsy in Pregnancy: A report from the International League Against Epilepsy Task Force on Women and Pregnancy [2020]
  • Management of epilepsy in pregnancy: a report from the International League Against Epilepsy Task Force on Women and Pregnancy [2019]

• JAMA Network Open
  • Complications After Maternal Traumatic Brain Injury During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review [2025]

• Journal of Affective Disorders
  • Measures of suicidality in perinatal women: A systematic review [2023]

• Journal of Anxiety Disorders
  • Perinatal PTSD and the mother-infant bond: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
  • Benzodiazepine Use During Pregnancy Alone or in Combination With an Antidepressant and Congenital Malformations: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2019]

• Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
  • Reproductive and fetal outcomes in women with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• Lancet Public Health
  • The global burden of perinatal common mental health disorders and substance use among migrant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

• Malaysian Family Physician
  • Assessment tools to measure postnatal mental illness: A 10-year scoping review [2022]

• Maternal and Child Health Journal
  • Suicide Attempts during Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2024]

• Midwifery
  • A rapid evidence review of postnatal listening services for women following a traumatic or negative childbirth experience [2024]
  • Non-pharmacological interventions to reduce anxiety in pregnancy, labour and postpartum: A systematic review [2021]

• Molecular Psychiatry
  • Safety of psychotropic medications in pregnancy: an umbrella review [2025]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Associations between epileptic seizures in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• PLoS ONE
  • Maternal mental health matters: Indicators for perinatal mental health-A scoping review [2025]
  • Women with perinatal suicidal ideation-A scoping review of the biopsychosocial risk factors to inform health service provision and research [2022]
  • Measurement instruments for parental stress in the postpartum period: A scoping review [2022]
  • Early psychological interventions for prevention and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post-traumatic stress symptoms in post-partum women: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]

• Psychiatria Danubina
  • Restless legs syndrome in pregnancy: A systematic review of prevalence [2025]

• Psychological Medicine
  • Prevalence of co-morbid anxiety and depression in pregnancy and postpartum: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• Quality of Life Research
  • Psychometric properties of self-reported measures of psychological birth trauma in puerperae: A COSMIN systematic review [2025]

• Science Progress
  • Third generation antiseizure medications exposure during pregnancy and neonatal adverse birth outcomes: A systematic review [2024]

• Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
  • The conceptualisation and evolution of psychological birth trauma in the absence of identifiable risk factors: A scoping review [2025]

• Women and Birth
  • Modifiable and vulnerability factors for maternal stress and anxiety in the first 1000 days: An umbrella review and framework [2025]

• Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing
  • Effects of Nonpharmacological Interventions on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression of Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis [2025]

Ireland

• Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety
  • Valproate utilisation trends among women of childbearing potential in Ireland between 2014 and 2019: A drug utilisation study using interrupted time series [2022]

Italy

• European Psychiatry
  • Perinatal mental health care in the Italian mental health departments: a national survey [2024]

Japan

• Neurologia medico-chirurgica
  • Cavernous Malformations in Pregnancy [2013]

• Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy
  • Trends in the prescription of anti-seizure medicines for pregnant women outpatients with epilepsy during 2016-2020 in Japan [2022]

Lebanon

• Ministry of Public Health Lebanon
  • Maternal Mental Health Guidelines for Healthcare Providers [2021]

Low and middle income countries

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Maternal mental health in primary care in five low- and middle-income countries: a situational analysis [2016]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • The silent burden: a landscape analysis of common perinatal mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries [2022]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Gender Transformative Interventions for Perinatal Mental Health in Low and Middle Income Countries-A Scoping Review [2022]

• JAMA Network Open
  • Prevalence of Perinatal Anxiety and Related Disorders in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2023]

• Journal of Affective Disorders
  • Prevalence of perinatal anxiety in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• Women's Health
  • Neurological disorders in pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries-Management gaps, impacts, and future prospects: A review perspective [2023]

• World Health Organization
  • Maternal mental health and child health and development in resource-constrained settings [2009]

Nepal

• Nepal Journal of Epidemiology
  • Mental Health Issues in Pregnant Women in Nepal [2015]

Netherlands

• Epilepsy & Behavior
  • Twenty-year trends in the use of anti-seizure medication among pregnant women in the Netherlands [2022]

New Zealand

• Ministry of Health New Zealand
  • Maternal Mental Health Service Provision in New Zealand: Stocktake of district health board services [2021]

• Starship
  • Foetal Anticonvulsant Syndrome (FACS)
  • AED use in pregnancy - management of babies exposed to anti-epileptic drugs in utero

Nordic countries

• Drug Safety
  • Prenatal exposure to pregabalin, birth outcomes and neurodevelopment - a population-based cohort study in four Nordic countries [2023]

Nordic countries, United States

• Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
  • Atomoxetine in Early Pregnancy and the Prevalence of Major Congenital Malformations: A Multinational Study [2023]

Norway

• Epilepsia
  • Prevalence of self-reported emotional, physical, and sexual abuse and association with fear of childbirth in pregnant women with epilepsy: The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Maternal complications in pregnancy and childbirth for women with epilepsy: Time trends in a nationwide cohort [2019]
  • Medication Use before, during, and after Pregnancy among Women with Eating Disorders: A Study from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study [2015]

Norway, Sweden

• European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
  • Prevalence trends and individual patterns of ADHD medication use in pregnancy in Norway and Sweden, 2010-2019 [2023]

Poland

• Ginekologia Polska
  • Managing epilepsy in women of childbearing age — Polish Society of Epileptology and Polish Gynecological Society Guidelines [2017]

• Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska
  • Update on diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) - recommendations of Section of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology of Polish Neurological Society [2025]
  • Recommendations for neurological, obstetrical and gynaecological care in women with multiple sclerosis: a statement by a working group convened by the Section of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology of the Polish Neurological Society [2020]

Qatar

• Heliyon
  • Generalized and pregnancy-related anxiety prevalence and predictors among pregnant women attending primary health care in Qatar, 2018–2019 [2020]

Singapore

• Annals Academy of Medicine Singapore
  • Consensus statement on Singapore Perinatal Mental Health Guidelines on Depression and Anxiety [2023]

South Africa

• National Department of Health South Africa
  • Maternal Mental Health Literature and Guideline Review for national Maternal, Perinatal and Neonatal Guideline development process [2022]

South Asia

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Perceptions and attitudes around perinatal mental health in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan: a systematic review of qualitative data [2022]

Spain

• Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
  • Multiple sclerosis: Pregnancy, fertility, and assisted reproductive technology-a review [2024]

• Neurología (English Edition)
  • Headache: pregnancy and breastfeeding. Recommendations of the Spanish Society of Neurology’s Headache Study Group [2021]

Sri Lanka

• Ceylon Medical Journal
  • Perinatal mental health in Sri Lanka, current status, programmes, gaps, and recommendations [2023]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• BMC Public Health
  • Predominant approaches to measuring pregnancy-related anxiety in Sub-saharan Africa: a scoping review [2024]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Tools for screening maternal mental health conditions in primary care settings in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review [2024]

• Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy
  • Women with epilepsy in sub–Saharan Africa: A review of the reproductive health challenges and perspectives for management [2019]

Sweden

• Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
  • Pregnancy outcome in women with cerebral palsy: A nationwide population-based cohort study [2019]

• BMJ Open
  • Neonatal morbidity after fetal exposure to antipsychotics: a national register-based study [2022]

• European Journal of Psychotraumatology
  • Bereavement and maternal mental disorders during the perinatal period: a nationwide register-based study in Sweden [2025]

• Molecular Psychiatry
  • In utero exposure to methylphenidate, amphetamines and atomoxetine and offspring neurodevelopmental disorders - a population-based cohort study and meta-analysis [2025]

• Neurology
  • Antiseizure medication use during pregnancy and risk of ASD and ADHD in children [2020]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Paternal and maternal psychiatric history and risk of preterm and early term birth: A nationwide study using Swedish registers [2023]

• Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services
  • Identification of depression and anxiety during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of test accuracy [2024]
  • Treatment for postpartum psychiatric disorders [2021]
  • Fear of childbirth, depression and anxiety during pregnancy [2021]

Switzerland

• Swiss Medical Weekly
  • Use of valproate in pregnancy and in women of childbearing age between 2014 and 2018 in Switzerland: a retrospective analysis of Swiss healthcare claims data [2021]

Turkey

• Eurasian Journal of Medicine
  • Psychiatric Disorders During Pregnancy and Postpartum Period: A Guide For Perinatal Interview [2023]

United Kingdom

• Anaesthesia
  • Mental disorder in pregnancy and the early postpartum [2021]

• Association of British Neurologists
  • UK consensus on pregnancy in multiple sclerosis: 'Association of British Neurologists' guidelines [2019]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Prevalence and risk factors for postnatal mental health problems in mothers of infants admitted to neonatal care: analysis of two population-based surveys in England [2023]
  • Disparities in who is asked about their perinatal mental health: an analysis of cross-sectional data from consecutive national maternity surveys [2023]
  • Prevalence of self-reported mental disorders in pregnancy and associations with adverse neonatal outcomes: a population-based cross-sectional study [2019]

• BMJ Open
  • Exploring perinatal loneliness as a key social determinant of perinatal mental ill health in the UK: findings from a multidisciplinary consensus statement exercise that mapped knowledge about measurement, prevalence, antecedents, impacts and interventions, and agreed future priorities for research, policy and practice [2025]
  • Health economic evaluations of preventative care for perinatal anxiety and associated disorders: a rapid review [2024]
  • A UK clinical audit addressing the quality of prescribing of sodium valproate for bipolar disorder in women of childbearing age [2018]

• British Association for Psychopharmacology
  • Withdrawal of, and alternatives to, valproate-containing medicines in girls and women of childbearing potential who have a psychiatric illness [2018]
  • British Association for Psychopharmacology consensus guidance on the use of psychotropic medication preconception, in pregnancy and postpartum 2017 [2017]

• British Journal of General Practice
  • Headache in pregnancy: a brief practical guide [2022]
  • First do no harm: valproate and medicines safety in pregnancy [2020]

• Clinical Medicine
  • Acute confusion in pregnancy [2025]

• Department of Health and Social Care
  • Maternal Mental Health Pathway

• European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
  • Care of pregnant women with epilepsy in the United Kingdom: A national survey of healthcare professionals [2022]

• HSC Public Health Agency
  • Regional Perinatal Mental Health Care Pathway [2025]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • A Comparison of Three Measures to Identify Postnatal Anxiety: Analysis of the 2020 National Maternity Survey in England [2022]

• Journal of Affective Disorders
  • Prevalence and factors associated with postpartum posttraumatic stress in a population-based maternity survey in England [2021]

• Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
  • SSRI/SNRI antidepressant medicines: small increased risk of postpartum haemorrhage when used in the month before delivery [2021]
  • Public Assessment Report of antiepileptic drugs: review of safety of use during pregnancy [2021]
  • Antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy: updated advice following comprehensive safety review [2021]
  • Valproate Pregnancy Prevention Programme: temporary advice for management during coronavirus (COVID-19) [2020]
  • Valproate medicines and serious harms in pregnancy: new Annual Risk Acknowledgement Form and clinical guidance from professional bodies to support compliance with the Pregnancy Prevention Programme [2019]
  • Fingolimod (Gilenya): increased risk of congenital malformations; new contraindication during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential not using effective contraception [2019]
  • Valproate medicines (Epilim, Depakote): contraindicated in women and girls of childbearing potential unless conditions of Pregnancy Prevention Programme are met [2018]
  • Valproate medicines (Epilim, Depakote): Pregnancy Prevention Programme materials online [2018]
  • Valproate and developmental disorders: new alert asking for patient review and further consideration of risk minimisation measures [2017]
  • Medicines related to valproate: risk of abnormal pregnancy outcomes [2015]
  • Valproate use by women and girls
  • Epilepsy medicines and pregnancy

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Antenatal and postnatal mental health: clinical management and service guidance [2020]
  • Antenatal and postnatal mental health [2016]

• NHS England
  • Epilepsy in pregnancy guideline [2022]
  • Community pharmacy preventing harm from valproate – Pharmacy Quality Scheme audit report 2019-20 [2022]
  • Involving and supporting partners and other family members in specialist perinatal mental health services: good practice guide [2021]
  • A good practice guide to support implementation of trauma-informed care in the perinatal period [2021]
  • Implementing routine outcome monitoring in specialist perinatal mental health services [2019]
  • The Perinatal Mental Health Care Pathways [2018]
  • Sapropterin (Kuvan®) For Phenylketonuria: Use In Pregnancy [2013]

• PLoS ONE
  • Lithium Prescribing during Pregnancy: A UK Primary Care Database Study [2015]

• Public Health England
  • Preconception advice for women with serious mental illness

• Right Decisions
  • Standards of Care for Women with Epilepsy of Childbearing Age

• Royal College of Midwives
  • Perinatal mental health

• Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Valproate Use In Women and Girls of Childbearing Years [2019]
  • Epilepsy in Pregnancy [2016]

• Royal College of Psychiatrists
  • Perinatal Mental Health Services: Recommendations for the provision of services for childbearing women [2021]
  • Standards for Inpatient Perinatal Mental Health Services [2019]
  • Postpartum Psychosis for Carers [2018]

• Scottish Government
  • Perinatal and infant mental health services: update [2023]
  • Perinatal and Infant Mental Health Programme Board

• Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy
  • National compliance with UK wide guidelines for usage of valproate in women of childbearing potential [2022]

• SIGN
  • Perinatal mental health conditions

• UK National Screening Committee
  • Psychiatric illness

• Welsh Health Specialised Services Committee
  • Specialist Perinatal Mental Health Inpatient Service (Mother and Baby Unit) [2021]

United States

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
  • Nonpharmacologic Treatments for Maternal Mental Health Conditions [2024]
  • Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions [2021]
  • Management of Primary Headaches in Pregnancy [2020]

• American Academy of Neurology
  • Teratogenesis, Perinatal, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After In Utero Exposure to Antiseizure Medication: Practice Guideline From the AAN, AES, and SMFM [2024]
  • Practice parameter update: management issues for women with epilepsy--focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): obstetrical complications and change in seizure frequency: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee and Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and American Epilepsy Society [2009]

• American College of Cardiology
  • Maternal Stroke: A Call for Action [2021]

• American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics
  • Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency treatment and management: A systematic evidence review of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) [2023]
  • Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency: diagnosis and management guideline [2014]

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • Obstetric Management of Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries [2020]
  • Management of Women With Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Deficiency (Phenylketonuria) [2020]
  • Perinatal Mental Health

• American Journal of Preventive Medicine
  • Severe Maternal Morbidity and Maternal Mortality in Women With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities [2021]

• Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
  • Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders [2022]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Perinatal mental health and active-duty military spouses: a scoping review [2024]

• BMJ
  • Maternal and fetal outcomes following exposure to duloxetine in pregnancy: cohort study [2020]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Atypical antipsychotic use during pregnancy and birth defect risk: National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011 [2020]

• CNS Drugs
  • Management of Bipolar Disorder in Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Clinicians' Guide [2025]

• Current Psychiatry Reports
  • Perinatal Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Epidemiology, Phenomenology, Etiology, and Treatment [2022]

• JAMA Network Open
  • Prevalence of Community Perinatal Psychiatrists in the US [2024]

• Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
  • Prevalence and predictors for postpartum sleep disorders: a nationwide analysis [2023]
  • Continuation of psychiatric medications during pregnancy [2023]

• Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
  • Disparities in Screening and Treatment Patterns for Depression and Anxiety During Pregnancy: An Integrative Review [2024]

• Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Long working hours related to elevated psychological distress among United States pregnant workers: findings from the National Health Interview Survey [2025]

• Multiple Sclerosis International
  • What Do Healthcare Providers Advise Women with Multiple Sclerosis Regarding Pregnancy? [2014]

• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • Persistent Short Sleep Duration From Pregnancy to 2 to 7 Years After Delivery and Metabolic Health [2024]
  • Allostatic Load and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes [2022]

• Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety
  • Trends in the use of disease-modifying therapies among reproductive-aged women with multiple sclerosis in the United States from 2010 to 2019 [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in pregnancy: National trends of treatment, predictors, and outcomes [2023]

• Sleep
  • Insomnia during pregnancy and severe maternal morbidity in the united states: nationally representative data from 2006 to 2017 [2022]

• Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Executive summary: Workshop on maternal mental health, February 11-12, 2024, co-sponsored by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [2024]

Western countries

• Archives of Women's Mental Health
  • Consensus recommendations for the assessment and treatment of perinatal obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): A Delphi study [2023]

• Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
  • Maternal Eating Disorders and Adverse Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2024]

• Journal of Affective Disorders
  • Risk factors associated with postpartum anxiety in Australia, Europe, and North America: A systematic review and narrative synthesis [2025]

• Midwifery
  • Best practice guidelines and service provision for supporting women with birth-related trauma: A scoping review of international literature [2025]

• Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
  • Mental Health Disorders in Pregnancy and the Puerperium: A Comprehensive Review of Guidelines on Screening, Diagnosis, and Management [2025]

• Therapies
  • Systematic review of gabapentinoid use during pregnancy and its impact on pregnancy and childhood outcomes: A ConcePTION study [2025]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • WHO guide for integration of perinatal mental health in maternal and child health services [2022]
  • mhGAP Intervention Guide - Version 2.0 [2019]
  • Perinatal mental health

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • Maternal, child and adolescent mental health: challenges and strategic directions for the Eastern Mediterranean Region [2011]
  • Atlas: child, adolescent and maternal mental health resources in the Eastern Mediterranean Region [2011]
  • Maternal, child and adolescent mental health

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Trauma in pregnancy
  • Postpartum depression, perinatal depression
  • Obstetrics, perinatology
  • Autoimmune diseases in pregnancy