Pregnancy

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Neurologic and mental disorders in pregnancy

Australia

• Australian Family Physician
  • Management of bipolar disorder over the perinatal period [2016]
  • Epilepsy in pregnancy: a collaborative team effort of obstetricians, neurologists and primary care physicians for a successful outcome [2014]

• Centre of Perinatal Excellence
  • Mental health care in the perinatal period: Australian Clinical Practice Guideline [2017]

• Fertility Society of Australia
  • Effects of mental illness and its treatment on fertility and pregnancy health [2021]

• Medical Journal of Australia
  • Maternal mortality and psychiatric morbidity in the perinatal period: challenges and opportunities for prevention in the Australian setting [2007]

• O&G Magazine
  • Schizophrenia and psychotic disorders [2018]
  • Perinatal mental health: an area of specialty [2018]

Australia, New Zealand

• Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Mental Health Care in the Perinatal Period [2021]

Australia, United Kingdom, United States

• Archives of Women's Mental Health
  • Consensus recommendations for the assessment and treatment of perinatal obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): A Delphi study [2023]

Canada

• Canadian Family Physician
  • Antiseizure drugs for women with epilepsy [2020]

• Canadian Pharmacists Journal
  • Antiseizure drugs and women: Challenges with contraception and pregnancy [2020]

• CMAJ
  • Perinatal suicide in Ontario, Canada: a 15-year population-based study [2017]

• Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
  • Pregnancy outcomes of women with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab in Canada: A descriptive analysis of real-world data [2022]

• Perinatal Services BC
  • Best practice guidelines for mental health disorders in the perinatal period [2014]

• PLoS ONE
  • Preconception risk factors and health care needs of pregnancy-planning women and men with a lifetime history or current mental illness: A nationwide survey [2022]

• Public Health Agency of Canada
  • Pregnancy and Women's Mental Health in Canada

Denmark

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM
  • Maternal antipsychotic use during pregnancy and congenital malformations [2023]

• Annals of Neurology
  • Maternal Epilepsy and Long-term Offspring Mortality: A Nationwide Cohort Study [2022]

• European Journal of Neurology
  • Pregnancy outcomes after early fetal exposure to injectable first-line treatments, dimethyl fumarate, or natalizumab in Danish women with multiple sclerosis [2023]

• Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
  • Associations Between ADHD Medication Use in Pregnancy and Severe Malformations Based on Prenatal and Postnatal Diagnoses: A Danish Registry-Based Study [2021]

• Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
  • Pregnancy outcomes following maternal or paternal exposure to teriflunomide in the Danish MS population [2022]

• Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
  • Maternal stress during pregnancy and gestational duration: A cohort study from the Danish National Birth Cohort [2023]

• Psychiatry Research
  • Prescription patterns of benzodiazepine and benzodiazepine-related drugs in the peripartum period: A population-based study [2020]

• Psychological Medicine
  • Self-harm in pregnancy and the postnatal year: prevalence and risk factors [2023]

Europe

• Drug Safety
  • Impact of 2018 EU Risk Minimisation Measures and Revised Pregnancy Prevention Programme on Utilisation and Prescribing Trends of Medicinal Products Containing Valproate: An Interrupted Time Series Study [2023]

• European Stroke Organisation
  • European Stroke Organisation guidelines on stroke in women: Management of menopause, pregnancy and postpartum [2022]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Prevalence of Antenatal Anxiety in European Women: A Literature Review [2023]

• Journal of Headache and Pain
  • Latest clinical recommendations on valproate use for migraine prophylaxis in women of childbearing age: overview from European Medicines Agency and European Headache Federation [2018]

• Journal of Neurology
  • Pregnancy outcomes in interferon-beta-exposed patients with multiple sclerosis: results from the European Interferon-beta Pregnancy Registry [2020]

• Multiple Sclerosis Journal
  • ECTRIMS/EAN consensus on vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis: Improving immunization strategies in the era of highly active immunotherapeutic drugs [2023]

• Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
  • Diagnosis and management of individuals with Fetal Valproate Spectrum Disorder; a consensus statement from the European Reference Network for Congenital Malformations and Intellectual Disability [2019]

Finland

• Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
  • Traumatic brain injury during pregnancy is associated with increased rate of cesarean section: a nationwide multi-register study in Finland [2023]

Finland, Sweden

• Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
  • Prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes after exposure to interferon beta prior to or during pregnancy in women with MS: Stratification by maternal and newborn characteristics in a register-based cohort study in Finland and Sweden [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • The association between exposure to interferon-beta during pregnancy and birth measurements in offspring of women with multiple sclerosis [2019]

France

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Pregnancy planning and acceptance and maternal psychological distress during pregnancy: results from the National Perinatal Survey, France, 2016 [2022]

• BMJ Open
  • Risk of early neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with prenatal exposure to the antiepileptic drugs most commonly used during pregnancy: a French nationwide population-based cohort study [2020]

• Neurology
  • Investigating the Long-term Effect of Pregnancy on the Course of Multiple Sclerosis Using Causal Inference [2023]
  • Incidence and Time Trends of Pregnancy-Related Stroke Between 2010 and 2018: The Nationwide CONCEPTION Study [2022]

Ghana

• WHO African Region
  • Strengthening Maternal Mental Health in Ghana - Situational analysis of maternal mental health services in Ghana [2024]

High-income countries

• BMC Psychiatry
  • Screening programs for common maternal mental health disorders among perinatal women: report of the systematic review of evidence [2022]

Hong Kong

• Hong Kong Medical Journal
  • Update to the Hong Kong Epilepsy Guideline: evidence-based recommendations for clinical management of women with epilepsy throughout the reproductive cycle [2020]

India

• Indian Journal of Pharmacology
  • Psychopharmacoteratophobia: Excessive fear of malformation associated with prescribing psychotropic drugs during pregnancy: An Indian perspective [2015]

• Journal of Public Health Policy
  • Recommendations for maternal mental health policy in India [2023]

International

• American Journal of Psychiatry
  • Lithium Exposure During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Safety and Efficacy Outcomes [2020]

• Archives of Women's Mental Health
  • Indigenous approaches to perinatal mental health: a systematic review with critical interpretive synthesis [2023]
  • Associations between maternal psychological distress and mother-infant bonding: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • An international position paper on mother-infant (perinatal) mental health, with guidelines for clinical practice [2016]

• BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology
  • Olanzapine in pregnancy and breastfeeding: a review of data from global safety surveillance [2013]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Breastfeeding experiences of women with perinatal mental health problems: a systematic review and thematic synthesis [2024]
  • Measurement of pregnancy-related anxiety worldwide: a systematic review [2022]
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy [2021]

• BMC Psychiatry
  • Mental health-related telemedicine interventions for pregnant women and new mothers: a systematic literature review [2023]

• BMJ Open
  • Meta-review of the barriers and facilitators to women accessing perinatal mental healthcare [2023]

• Epilepsia Open
  • Global Survey of Guidelines for the Management of Epilepsy in Pregnancy: A report from the International League Against Epilepsy Task Force on Women and Pregnancy [2020]

• Frontiers in Psychiatry
  • Maternal Suicide Ideation and Behaviour During Pregnancy and the First Postpartum Year: A Systematic Review of Psychological and Psychosocial Risk Factors [2022]

• International Breastfeeding Journal
  • Efficacy of behavioral interventions to improve maternal mental health and breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review [2022]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Body Image Assessment Tools in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review [2023]

• International Journal of Women's Health
  • Epilepsy during pregnancy: focus on management strategies [2016]

• Journal of Affective Disorders
  • Measures of suicidality in perinatal women: A systematic review [2023]

• Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
  • Benzodiazepine Use During Pregnancy Alone or in Combination With an Antidepressant and Congenital Malformations: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2019]

• Lancet Public Health
  • The global burden of perinatal common mental health disorders and substance use among migrant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

• Midwifery
  • Non-pharmacological interventions to reduce anxiety in pregnancy, labour and postpartum: A systematic review [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Women with perinatal suicidal ideation-A scoping review of the biopsychosocial risk factors to inform health service provision and research [2022]

Ireland

• Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety
  • Valproate utilisation trends among women of childbearing potential in Ireland between 2014 and 2019: A drug utilisation study using interrupted time series [2022]

Japan

• Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
  • Current Proportion of Women Receiving Perinatal Psychosocial or Psychological Intervention in Japan [2016]

• Neurologia medico-chirurgica
  • Cavernous Malformations in Pregnancy [2013]

• Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy
  • Trends in the prescription of anti-seizure medicines for pregnant women outpatients with epilepsy during 2016-2020 in Japan [2022]

Low and middle income countries

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Maternal mental health in primary care in five low- and middle-income countries: a situational analysis [2016]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • The silent burden: a landscape analysis of common perinatal mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries [2022]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Gender Transformative Interventions for Perinatal Mental Health in Low and Middle Income Countries-A Scoping Review [2022]

• JAMA Network Open
  • Prevalence of Perinatal Anxiety and Related Disorders in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2023]

• Journal of Affective Disorders
  • Prevalence of perinatal anxiety in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Psychosocial Interventions for Perinatal Common Mental Disorders Delivered by Providers Who Are Not Mental Health Specialists in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2013]

• World Health Organization
  • Maternal mental health and child health and development in resource-constrained settings : report of a UNFPA/WHO international expert meeting : the interface between reproductive health and mental health [2009]

Nepal

• Nepal Journal of Epidemiology
  • Mental Health Issues in Pregnant Women in Nepal [2015]

Netherlands

• Epilepsy & Behavior
  • Twenty-year trends in the use of anti-seizure medication among pregnant women in the Netherlands [2022]

New Zealand

• Starship
  • AED use in pregnancy - management of babies exposed to anti-epileptic drugs in utero [2019]

Nordic countries

• Drug Safety
  • Prenatal exposure to pregabalin, birth outcomes and neurodevelopment - a population-based cohort study in four Nordic countries [2023]

Nordic countries, United States

• Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
  • Atomoxetine in Early Pregnancy and the Prevalence of Major Congenital Malformations: A Multinational Study [2023]

Norway

• Epilepsia
  • Prevalence of self-reported emotional, physical, and sexual abuse and association with fear of childbirth in pregnant women with epilepsy: The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Maternal complications in pregnancy and childbirth for women with epilepsy: Time trends in a nationwide cohort [2019]
  • Medication Use before, during, and after Pregnancy among Women with Eating Disorders: A Study from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study [2015]

Norway, Sweden

• European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
  • Prevalence trends and individual patterns of ADHD medication use in pregnancy in Norway and Sweden, 2010-2019 [2023]

Poland

• Ginekologia Polska
  • Managing epilepsy in women of childbearing age — Polish Society of Epileptology and Polish Gynecological Society Guidelines [2017]

• Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska
  • Recommendations for neurological, obstetrical and gynaecological care in women with multiple sclerosis: a statement by a working group convened by the Section of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology of the Polish Neurological Society [2020]

• Psychiatria Polska
  • Recommendations of the Polish Psychiatric Association regarding the treatment of affective disorders in women of childbearing age. Part II: Bipolar disorder [2019]

Qatar

• Heliyon
  • Generalized and pregnancy-related anxiety prevalence and predictors among pregnant women attending primary health care in Qatar, 2018–2019 [2020]

South Asia

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Perceptions and attitudes around perinatal mental health in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan: a systematic review of qualitative data [2022]

Spain

• Neurología (English Edition)
  • Headache: pregnancy and breastfeeding. Recommendations of the Spanish Society of Neurology’s Headache Study Group [2021]

Sri Lanka

• Ceylon Medical Journal
  • Perinatal mental health in Sri Lanka, current status, programmes, gaps, and recommendations [2023]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy
  • Women with epilepsy in sub–Saharan Africa: A review of the reproductive health challenges and perspectives for management [2019]

Sweden

• Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
  • Pregnancy outcome in women with cerebral palsy: A nationwide population-based cohort study [2019]

• BMJ Open
  • Neonatal morbidity after fetal exposure to antipsychotics: a national register-based study [2022]

• Neurology
  • Antiseizure medication use during pregnancy and risk of ASD and ADHD in children [2020]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Paternal and maternal psychiatric history and risk of preterm and early term birth: A nationwide study using Swedish registers [2023]

Switzerland

• Swiss Medical Weekly
  • Use of valproate in pregnancy and in women of childbearing age between 2014 and 2018 in Switzerland: a retrospective analysis of Swiss healthcare claims data [2021]

Switzerland, United Kingdom

• Swiss Medical Weekly
  • Perinatal mental health service provision in Switzerland and in the UK [2015]

United Kingdom

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Disparities in who is asked about their perinatal mental health: an analysis of cross-sectional data from consecutive national maternity surveys [2023]

• BMJ Open
  • A UK clinical audit addressing the quality of prescribing of sodium valproate for bipolar disorder in women of childbearing age [2018]

• British Association for Psychopharmacology
  • Withdrawal of, and alternatives to, valproate-containing medicines in girls and women of childbearing potential who have a psychiatric illness [2018]
  • British Association for Psychopharmacology consensus guidance on the use of psychotropic medication preconception, in pregnancy and postpartum 2017 [2017]

• British Journal of General Practice
  • First do no harm: valproate and medicines safety in pregnancy [2020]

• Department of Health and Social Care
  • Maternal Mental Health Pathway

• European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
  • Care of pregnant women with epilepsy in the United Kingdom: A national survey of healthcare professionals [2022]

• Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
  • SSRI/SNRI antidepressant medicines: small increased risk of postpartum haemorrhage when used in the month before delivery [2021]
  • Public Assessment Report of antiepileptic drugs: review of safety of use during pregnancy [2021]
  • Antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy: updated advice following comprehensive safety review [2021]
  • Valproate Pregnancy Prevention Programme: temporary advice for management during coronavirus (COVID-19) [2020]
  • Valproate medicines and serious harms in pregnancy: new Annual Risk Acknowledgement Form and clinical guidance from professional bodies to support compliance with the Pregnancy Prevention Programme [2019]
  • Fingolimod (Gilenya): increased risk of congenital malformations; new contraindication during pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential not using effective contraception [2019]
  • Valproate medicines (Epilim, Depakote): contraindicated in women and girls of childbearing potential unless conditions of Pregnancy Prevention Programme are met [2018]
  • Valproate medicines (Epilim, Depakote): Pregnancy Prevention Programme materials online [2018]
  • Valproate and developmental disorders: new alert asking for patient review and further consideration of risk minimisation measures [2017]
  • Medicines related to valproate: risk of abnormal pregnancy outcomes [2015]
  • Valproate use by women and girls
  • Epilepsy medicines and pregnancy

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Antenatal and postnatal mental health: clinical management and service guidance [2020]
  • Antenatal and postnatal mental health [2016]

• NHS England
  • Community pharmacy preventing harm from valproate – Pharmacy Quality Scheme audit report 2019-20 [2022]
  • Involving and supporting partners and other family members in specialist perinatal mental health services: good practice guide [2021]
  • A good practice guide to support implementation of trauma-informed care in the perinatal period [2021]
  • Implementing routine outcome monitoring in specialist perinatal mental health services [2019]
  • The Perinatal Mental Health Care Pathways [2018]
  • Sapropterin (Kuvan®) For Phenylketonuria: Use In Pregnancy [2013]

• PLoS ONE
  • Lithium Prescribing during Pregnancy: A UK Primary Care Database Study [2015]

• Public Health England
  • Perinatal mental health [2017]
  • Preconception advice for women with serious mental illness

• Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Valproate Use In Women and Girls of Childbearing Years [2019]
  • Epilepsy in Pregnancy [2016]

• Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy
  • National compliance with UK wide guidelines for usage of valproate in women of childbearing potential [2022]

• UK National Screening Committee
  • Psychiatric illness

United States

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
  • Nonpharmacologic Treatments for Maternal Mental Health Conditions [2024]
  • Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions [2021]
  • Management of Primary Headaches in Pregnancy [2020]

• American Academy of Neurology
  • Teratogenesis, Perinatal, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After In Utero Exposure to Antiseizure Medication: Practice Guideline From the AAN, AES, and SMFM [2024]

• American Academy of Pediatrics
  • Maternal Phenylketonuria [2013]

• American College of Cardiology
  • Maternal Stroke: A Call for Action [2021]

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • Treatment and Management of Mental Health Conditions During Pregnancy and Postpartum: ACOG Clinical Practice Guideline No. 5 [2023]
  • Screening and Diagnosis of Mental Health Conditions During Pregnancy and Postpartum: ACOG Clinical Practice Guideline No. 4 [2023]
  • Headaches in Pregnancy and Postpartum: ACOG Clinical Practice Guideline No. 3 [2022]
  • Obstetric Management of Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries [2020]
  • Management of Women With Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Deficiency (Phenylketonuria) [2020]

• American Journal of Preventive Medicine
  • Severe Maternal Morbidity and Maternal Mortality in Women With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities [2021]

• Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
  • Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders [2022]

• BMJ
  • Maternal and fetal outcomes following exposure to duloxetine in pregnancy: cohort study [2020]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Stressful Life Events Experienced by Women in the Year Before Their Infants' Births — United States, 2000–2010 [2015]

• Current Psychiatry Reports
  • Perinatal Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Epidemiology, Phenomenology, Etiology, and Treatment [2022]

• Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
  • Continuation of psychiatric medications during pregnancy [2023]

• Multiple Sclerosis International
  • What Do Healthcare Providers Advise Women with Multiple Sclerosis Regarding Pregnancy? [2014]

• Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety
  • Trends in the use of disease-modifying therapies among reproductive-aged women with multiple sclerosis in the United States from 2010 to 2019 [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in pregnancy: National trends of treatment, predictors, and outcomes [2023]

• Schizophrenia Research
  • Atypical Antipsychotic Use during Pregnancy and Birth Defect Risk: National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2011 [2020]

• Sleep
  • Insomnia during pregnancy and severe maternal morbidity in the united states: nationally representative data from 2006 to 2017 [2022]

• Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Executive summary: Workshop on maternal mental health, February 11-12, 2024, co-sponsored by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [2024]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • WHO guide for integration of perinatal mental health in maternal and child health services [2022]
  • mhGAP Intervention Guide - Version 2.0 [2019]
  • Maternal mental health

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • Maternal, child and adolescent mental health: challenges and strategic directions for the Eastern Mediterranean Region [2011]
  • Atlas: child, adolescent and maternal mental health resources in the Eastern Mediterranean Region [2011]
  • Maternal, child and adolescent mental health

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Postpartum depression, perinatal depression
  • Obstetrics, perinatology