Labor, delivery, postpartum

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Postpartum hemorrhage

Afghanistan

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Quality of care in prevention, detection and management of postpartum hemorrhage in hospitals in Afghanistan: an observational assessment [2020]

Australia

• Australian Family Physician
  • Misoprostol for post-partum haemorrhage in the Australian bush [2014]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Trends and outcomes of postpartum haemorrhage, 2003-2011 [2015]

• NSW Health
  • Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH)

• Queensland Health
  • Primary postpartum haemorrhage

• SA Health
  • Postpartum Haemorrhage

Australia, Canada, United States

• International Journal of Circumpolar Health
  • Postpartum haemorrhage in rural Indigenous women: scoping review of a global obstetrical challenge [2022]

Australia, New Zealand

• Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) [2021]

Bangladesh

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Modeling maternal mortality in Bangladesh: the role of misoprostol in postpartum hemorrhage prevention [2014]

• Journal of Global Health
  • Haemorrhage-related maternal mortality in Bangladesh: Levels, trends, time of death, and care-seeking practices based on nationally representative population-based surveys [2023]

Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Acta Informatica Medica
  • Application of Agree II Instrument for Appraisal of Postpartum Hemorrhage Clinical Practice Guidelines in Bosnia and Herzegovina [2016]

Brazil

• Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
  • Surgical management of postpartum hemorrhage [2020]
  • Postpartum hemorrhage: prevention, diagnosis and non-surgical management [2020]

Canada

• Association of Ontario Midwives
  • Prevention and Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage [2024]

• Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
  • Vacuum-Induced Uterine Tamponade for Postpartum Hemorrhage [2022]
  • Carbetocin for the Prevention of Post-Partum Hemorrhage: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines [2019]
  • Hydroxyethyl Starch Use for Patients with Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, and Guidelines [2014]

• Perinatal Services BC
  • Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH): Prevention and Management

• Public Health Agency of Canada
  • Temporal trends in postpartum hemorrhage and severe postpartum hemorrhage in Canada from 2003 to 2010 [2014]

• Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
  • Postpartum Hemorrhage and Hemorrhagic Shock [2022]
  • Active Management of the Third Stage of Labour: Prevention and Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage [2018]

Canada, France

• PLoS ONE
  • Postpartum Haemorrhage in Canada and France: A Population-Based Comparison [2013]

China

• Frontiers in Medicine
  • Incidence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Hemorrhage in China: A Multicenter Retrospective Study [2021]

Ethiopia

• PLoS ONE
  • Target areas to reduce the burden of maternal death due to obstetric hemorrhage in Ethiopia [2022]

• Reproductive Health
  • Magnitude of postpartum hemorrhage and associated factors among women who gave birth in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

Europe

• Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe
  • CIRSE standards of practice on gynaecological and obstetric haemorrhage [2020]

• European Journal of Anaesthesiology
  • Haemostatic support in postpartum haemorrhage: A review of the literature and expert opinion [2023]

• European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
  • A study of the healthcare resource use for the management of postpartum haemorrhage in France, Italy, the Netherlands, and the UK [2021]

• Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
  • Role of recombinant factor VIIa in the clinical management of severe postpartum hemorrhage: consensus among European experts [2024]

France

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Incidence of immediate postpartum hemorrhages in French maternity units: a prospective observational study (HERA study) [2016]

• Healthcare
  • Does the Quality of Postpartum Hemorrhage Local Protocols Improve the Identification and Management of Blood Loss after Vaginal Deliveries? A Multicenter Cohort Study [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Variation in severe postpartum hemorrhage management: A national vignette-based study [2018]
  • Variations in Postpartum Hemorrhage Management among Midwives: A National Vignette-Based Study [2016]
  • Staff and Institutional Factors Associated with Substandard Care in the Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage [2016]

• Scientific Reports
  • Evaluating the quality of care for postpartum hemorrhage with a new quantitative tool: a population-based study [2022]

Germany

• British Journal of Anaesthesia
  • Use of cell salvage in obstetrics in Germany: analysis of national database of 305 610 cases with peripartum haemorrhage [2024]

Ghana

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Experiencing challenges when implementing Active Management of Third Stage of Labor (AMTSL): a qualitative study with midwives in Accra, Ghana [2014]

High-income countries

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Trends in postpartum hemorrhage in high resource countries: a review and recommendations from the International Postpartum Hemorrhage Collaborative Group [2009]

• PLoS ONE
  • Primary postpartum haemorrhage and longer-term physical, psychological, and psychosocial health outcomes for women and their partners in high income countries: A mixed-methods systematic review [2023]

India

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Cost-effectiveness and budget impact of adding tranexamic acid for management of post-partum hemorrhage in the Indian public health system [2023]

• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
  • Prevention and Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage [2015]

International

• Anesthesia & Analgesia
  • National and International Guidelines for Patient Blood Management in Obstetrics: A Qualitative Review [2017]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Misoprostol for postpartum hemorrhage prevention at home birth: an integrative review of global implementation experience to date [2013]

• BMJ Open
  • Accuracy of machine learning and traditional statistical models in the prediction of postpartum haemorrhage: a systematic review [2025]
  • Strategies for optimising early detection and obstetric first response management of postpartum haemorrhage at caesarean birth: a modified Delphi-based international expert consensus [2024]

• Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (English Edition)
  • Analysis of the efficacy of prophylactic tranexamic acid in preventing postpartum bleeding: systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials [2023]

• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Perceptions and experiences of the prevention, detection, and management of postpartum haemorrhage: a qualitative evidence synthesis [2023]
  • Umbilical vein injection for management of retained placenta [2021]
  • Uterotonic agents for first-line treatment of postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis [2020]
  • Intravenous versus intramuscular prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour [2020]

• Ginekologia Polska
  • Epidemiology, prevention and management of early postpartum hemorrhage — a systematic review [2020]

• Global Health: Science and Practice
  • Are national policies and programs for prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage and preeclampsia adequate? A key informant survey in 37 countries [2014]

• International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
  • Uterine atony and uterotonics in postpartum haemorrhage [2023]
  • Guidance on the use of heat-stable carbetocin as an alternative to oxytocin in the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage [2023]
  • FIGO recommendations on the management of postpartum hemorrhage 2022 [2022]
  • FIGO and the International Confederation of Midwives endorse WHO guidelines on prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage [2022]
  • Joint statement of recommendation for the use of uterotonics for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage [2021]
  • Joint statement of recommendation for the use of tranexamic acid for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2021]
  • Clinical guidelines—the challenges and opportunities: What we have learned from the case of misoprostol for postpartum hemorrhage [2019]
  • FIGO's updated recommendations for misoprostol used alone in gynecology and obstetrics [2017]
  • Non-pneumatic anti-shock garment to stabilize women with hypovolemic shock secondary to obstetric hemorrhage [2015]
  • Postpartum Haemorrhage

• Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
  • Management of coagulopathy associated with postpartum hemorrhage: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH [2016]

• Lancet
  • Tranexamic acid for postpartum bleeding: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials [2024]

• Network for the Advancement of Patient Blood Management, Haemostasis and Thrombosis
  • Patient blood management in obstetrics: prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage. A NATA consensus statement [2019]

• New England Journal of Medicine
  • Heat-Stable Carbetocin versus Oxytocin to Prevent Hemorrhage after Vaginal Birth [2018]

• Nursing Open
  • Roles and challenges encountered by midwives in the management of postpartum haemorrhage following normal vaginal delivery: A scoping review [2024]

• Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • World Health Organization Recommendation for Using Uterine Balloon Tamponade to Treat Postpartum Hemorrhage [2022]
  • Risk Factors for Atonic Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2021]

• Oxford Maternal and Perinatal Health Institute
  • The evidence-based management of Postpartum Haemorrhage [2013]

• Pharmacology Research & Perspectives
  • Side-effects of carbetocin to prevent postpartum hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [2021]

• PLoS Medicine
  • The cost-effectiveness of preventing, diagnosing, and treating postpartum haemorrhage: A systematic review of economic evaluations [2024]

• PLoS ONE
  • Would you like to participate in this trial? The practice of informed consent in intrapartum research in the last 30 years [2020]
  • What matters to women and healthcare providers in relation to interventions for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage: A qualitative systematic review [2019]

• Reproductive Health
  • Duration of third stage labour and postpartum blood loss: a secondary analysis of the WHO CHAMPION trial data [2021]

• Vaccine
  • Postpartum haemorrhage: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data [2016]

Ireland

• European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
  • Trends, causes and factors associated with primary Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) in Ireland: A review of one million hospital childbirths [2024]

• Ireland's Health Services
  • Prevention and Management of Primary Postpartum Haemorrhage [2022]

Italy

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Uptake and Adherence to National Guidelines on Postpartum Haemorrhage in Italy: The MOVIE before-after Observational Study [2023]

• La Clinica Terapeutica
  • The daily-practiced post-partum hemorrhage management: an Italian multidisciplinary attended protocol [2017]

Japan

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Impact of efforts to prevent maternal deaths due to obstetric hemorrhage on trends in epidemiology and management of severe postpartum hemorrhage in Japan: a nationwide retrospective study [2022]

Kazakhstan

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • The impact of the implementation of the postpartum haemorrhage management guidelines at the first regional perinatal centre in Southern Kazakhstan [2016]

Kenya

• International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
  • A synthesis of clinical and health system bottlenecks to implementing new WHO postpartum hemorrhage recommendations: Secondary data analysis of the Kenya Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths 2014-2017 [2022]

Kosovo

• BMC Public Health
  • Navigating barriers: two-year follow up on recommendations to improve the use of maternal health guidelines in Kosovo [2016]

Latin America and the Caribbean

• PLoS ONE
  • Oxytocin in Uniject Disposable Auto-Disable Injection System versus Standard Use for the Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis [2015]

• Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
  • Fetal Macrosomia and Postpartum Hemorrhage in Latin American and Caribbean Region: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2023]

Low and middle income countries

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Uterotonics for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage: EN-BIRTH multi-country validation study [2021]
  • Prevention of postpartum haemorrhage: cost consequences analysis of misoprostol in low-resource settings [2015]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Tranexamic Acid for Postpartum Hemorrhage Treatment in Low-Resource Settings: A Rapid Scoping Review [2022]
  • Implementing Heat-Stable Carbetocin for Postpartum Haemorrhage Prevention in Low-Resource Settings: A Rapid Scoping Review [2022]

• International Journal of Women's Health
  • Prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in low-resource settings: current perspectives [2013]

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences
  • Oxytocin quality: evidence to support updated global recommendations on oxytocin for postpartum hemorrhage [2020]

• Reproductive Health
  • Cost of hospital care of women with postpartum haemorrhage in India, Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda: a financial case for improved prevention [2021]
  • Barriers or gaps in implementation of misoprostol use for post-abortion care and post-partum hemorrhage prevention in developing countries: a systematic review [2017]

Low-income countries

• Journal of Global Health
  • Barriers and facilitators to the quality use of essential medicines for maternal health in low–resource countries: An Ishikawa framework [2015]

Malawi

• BMJ Global Health
  • Avoidable factors associated with maternal death from postpartum haemorrhage: a national Malawian surveillance study [2025]

Mali, Niger

• BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  • Improving postpartum care for mothers and newborns in Niger and Mali: a case study of an integrated maternal and newborn improvement programme [2014]

Mali, Senegal

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Factors associated with postpartum hemorrhage maternal death in referral hospitals in Senegal and Mali: a cross-sectional epidemiological survey [2015]

Mesoamerica

• BMJ Open
  • Access and use of oxytocin for postpartum haemorrhage prevention: a pre-post study targeting the poorest in six Mesoamerican countries [2020]

Netherlands

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Development of a tailored strategy to improve postpartum hemorrhage guideline adherence [2018]
  • Incidence, management and outcome of women requiring massive transfusion after childbirth in the Netherlands: secondary analysis of a nationwide cohort study between 2004 and 2006 [2017]
  • Influencing factors for high quality care on postpartum haemorrhage in the Netherlands: patient and professional perspectives [2015]
  • Postpartum haemorrhage in midwifery care in the Netherlands: validation of quality indicators for midwifery guidelines [2014]
  • The development of quality indicators for the prevention and management of postpartum haemorrhage in primary midwifery care in the Netherlands [2013]

• British Journal of Anaesthesia
  • Peri-partum reference ranges for ROTEM® thromboelastometry [2014]

New Zealand

• Health New Zealand
  • National Consensus Guideline for Treatment of Postpartum Haemorrhage [2022]

Niger

• Lancet Global Health
  • The effects of a peripartum strategy to prevent and treat primary postpartum haemorrhage at health facilities in Niger: a longitudinal, 72-month study [2023]

Nigeria

• BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  • Maternal near-miss and death among women with postpartum haemorrhage: a secondary analysis of the Nigeria Near-miss and Maternal Death Survey [2019]

Philippines

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Economic evaluation of carbetocin as prophylaxis for postpartum hemorrhage in the Philippines [2020]

Sierra Leone

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Use of prophylactic uterotonics during the third stage of labor: a survey of provider practices in community health facilities in Sierra Leone [2016]

Singapore

• Singapore Medical Journal
  • Implementation of an obstetric cell salvage service in a tertiary women’s hospital [2015]

Sri Lanka

• Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
  • Management of Primary Postpartum Haemorrhage [2022]
  • Guideline on Management of Primary Post-Partum Haemorrhage [2020]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• BMJ Open
  • Access to oxytocin and misoprostol for management of postpartum haemorrhage in Kenya, Uganda and Zambia: a cross-sectional assessment of availability, prices and affordability [2021]

• International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
  • Challenges in updating national guidelines and essential medicines lists in Sub-Saharan African countries to include WHO-recommended postpartum hemorrhage medicines [2022]

• Nature Medicine
  • A cost-effectiveness analysis of early detection and bundled treatment of postpartum hemorrhage alongside the E-MOTIVE trial [2024]

Suriname

• PLoS ONE
  • Postpartum hemorrhage in Suriname: A national descriptive study of hospital births and an audit of case management [2020]

Sweden

• Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
  • Accuracy of postpartum hemorrhage coding in the Swedish Pregnancy Register [2021]

• European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
  • A Swedish register-based study exploring primary postpartum hemorrhage in 405 936 full term vaginal births between 2005 and 2015 [2021]

Switzerland

• Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
  • Red blood cell transfusion in obstetrics and its implication for patient blood management: a retrospective analysis in Switzerland from 1998 to 2016 [2021]
  • Patient blood management (PBM) in pregnancy and childbirth: literature review and expert opinion [2020]

Tanzania

• Reproductive Health
  • Improvement in the active management of the third stage of labor for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study [2018]

Thailand

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Maternal and health service predictors of postpartum hemorrhage across 14 district, general and regional hospitals in Thailand [2020]

Uganda

• Ministry of Health Uganda
  • Activity Implementation Framework to Accelerate Reduction of Maternal Mortality Due to Postpartum Haemorrhage FY 2020/2021 [2020]

• PLoS ONE
  • Measuring Post-Partum Haemorrhage in Low-Resource Settings: The Diagnostic Validity of Weighed Blood Loss versus Quantitative Changes in Hemoglobin [2016]
  • Potential Cost-Effectiveness of Prenatal Distribution of Misoprostol for Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Uganda [2015]

• Reproductive Health
  • Incidence and risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage in Uganda [2016]

United Kingdom

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Reduction in massive postpartum haemorrhage and red blood cell transfusion during a national quality improvement project, Obstetric Bleeding Strategy for Wales, OBS Cymru: an observational study [2021]
  • Incidence of postpartum haemorrhage defined by quantitative blood loss measurement: a national cohort [2020]

• Health Technology Assessment
  • Uterotonic drugs to prevent postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis [2019]
  • Glyceryl trinitrate to reduce the need for manual removal of retained placenta following vaginal delivery: the GOT-IT RCT [2019]

• Journal of Medical Economics
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of carbetocin versus oxytocin for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage following vaginal birth in the United Kingdom [2022]

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Assessment of secondary postpartum haemorrhage [2021]

• Right Decisions
  • Post Partum Haemorrhage, Management

• Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
  • Management of obstetric postpartum hemorrhage: a national service evaluation of current practice in the UK [2017]

• Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Prevention and Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage [2016]

• WISDOM
  • Prevention and Management of Post Partum Haemorrhage [2023]

• Women and Birth
  • Outcomes for women admitted for labour care to alongside midwifery units in the UK following a postpartum haemorrhage in a previous pregnancy: A national population-based cohort and nested case-control study using the UK Midwifery Study System (UKMidSS) [2023]

United States

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
  • Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage: Current State of the Evidence [2016]
  • Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage [2015]

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • Quantitative Blood Loss in Obstetric Hemorrhage [2019]

• American Family Physician
  • Postpartum Hemorrhage: Prevention and Treatment [2017]

• Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
  • Quantification of Blood Loss: AWHONN Practice Brief Number 13 [2021]
  • Guidelines for Active Management of the Third Stage of Labor using Oxytocin: AWHONN Practice Brief Number 12 [2021]

• Blood Transfusion
  • A national update on rates of postpartum haemorrhage and related interventions [2020]

• Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
  • The Use of Tranexamic Acid to Prevent Postpartum Hemorrhage [2020]

• Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis
  • National Trends in Tranexamic Acid Use in the Peripartum Period, 2015—2019 [2020]

• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • Tranexamic Acid to Prevent Obstetrical Hemorrhage after Cesarean Delivery [2023]

• Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • National Partnership for Maternal Safety: Consensus Bundle on Obstetric Hemorrhage [2015]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • WHO recommendations on the assessment of postpartum blood loss and use of a treatment bundle for postpartum haemorrhage [2023]
  • A roadmap to combat postpartum haemorrhage between 2023 and 2030 [2023]
  • WHO recommendation on uterine balloon tamponade for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2021]
  • Regulatory guidance for assessment and management of applications for marketing authorization of oxytocin [2021]
  • WHO recommendation on umbilical vein injection of oxytocin for the treatment of retained placenta [2020]
  • WHO recommendation on routes of oxytocin administration for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage after vaginal birth [2020]
  • WHO recommendation on advance misoprostol distribution to pregnant women for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage [2020]
  • Postpartum hemorrhage care bundles to improve adherence to guidelines: A WHO technical consultation [2020]
  • Appropriate storage and management of oxytocin – a key commodity for maternal health. WHO/UNICEF/UNFPA Joint Statement [2019]
  • WHO recommendations: uterotonics for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage [2018]
  • WHO recommendation on tranexamic acid for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2017]
  • Postpartum haemorrhage management, risks, and maternal outcomes: findings from the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health [2014]
  • Active management of the third stage of labour: new WHO recommendations help to focus implementation [2014]
  • WHO recommendations for the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2012]
  • WHO statement regarding the use of misoprostol for postpartum haemorrhage prevention and treatment [2009]
  • WHO guidelines for the management of postpartum haemorrhage and retained placenta [2009]
  • Managing postpartum haemorrhage [2008]
  • Postpartum haemorrhage
  • Maternal haemorrhage

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Third stage of labor
  • Postpartum (puerperium)
  • Bleeding in pregnancy, placenta diseases