Menstruation disturbances, female gonadal disorders

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Exercise-associated amenorrhea, female athlete triad

Australia

• Australian Journal of General Practice
  • Sports nutrition for the recreational athlete [2020]

• British Journal of Sports Medicine
  • The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) and National Eating Disorders Collaboration (NEDC) position statement on disordered eating in high performance sport [2020]

Canada, United States

• Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
  • Position of the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance [2009]

International

• Children
  • Nutritional Risks among Adolescent Athletes with Disordered Eating [2021]

• Female and Male Athlete Triad Coalition
  • 2014 Female Athlete Triad Coalition Consensus Statement on Treatment and Return to Play of the Female Athlete Triad: 1st International Conference held in San Francisco, California, May 2012 and 2nd International Conference held in Indianapolis, Indiana, May 2013 [2014]
  • Research & Position Stands

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • The Prevalence of Menstrual Cycle Disorders in Female Athletes from Different Sports Disciplines: A Rapid Review [2022]

• International Olympic Committee
  • Review of the scientific rationale, development and validation of the International Olympic Committee Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport Clinical Assessment Tool: V.2 (IOC REDs CAT2)-by a subgroup of the IOC consensus on REDs [2023]
  • Methodology for studying Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): a narrative review by a subgroup of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus on REDs [2023]
  • Mapping the complexities of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): development of a physiological model by a subgroup of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Consensus on REDs [2023]
  • International olympic committee relative energy deficiency in sport clinical assessment tool 2 (IOC REDs CAT2) [2023]
  • Female athlete health domains: a supplement to the International Olympic Committee consensus statement on methods for recording and reporting epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport [2023]
  • 2023 International Olympic Committee's (IOC) consensus statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) [2023]
  • The IOC consensus statement: beyond the Female Athlete Triad—Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) [2014]

• Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
  • Female Athlete Triad or Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (RED-S): Is There a Difference? [2016]

• Life
  • The Specificities of Elite Female Athletes: A Multidisciplinary Approach [2021]

• Nutrients
  • Female Athlete Triad and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): Nutritional Management [2024]

• Sports
  • The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Multidisciplinary Education and Treatment Protocol for the Female Athlete Triad (1996-2022) [2025]

Japan

• International Journal of Women's Health
  • Risk of female athlete triad development in Japanese collegiate athletes is related to sport type and competitive leve [2018]

Low and middle income countries

• BMC Public Health
  • A scoping review of identifying research on menstruation and menstrual cycle among female athletes of low and low-and-middle-income countries [2025]

Spain

• Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
  • Prevalence of physically active females at risk for the female athlete triad in Spain [2025]

United States

• American Academy of Pediatrics
  • Promotion of Healthy Weight-Control Practices in Young Athletes [2017]
  • The Female Athlete Triad [2016]

• American Family Physician
  • The Female Athlete Triad: Recommendations for Management [2018]

• Annals of Joint
  • Female athlete triad: past, present, and future directions [2018]

• British Journal of Sports Medicine
  • Misunderstanding the Female Athlete Triad: Refuting the IOC Consensus Statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) [2014]

• Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
  • The female athlete triad: It takes a team [2018]

• Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine
  • Treatment strategies for the female athlete triad in the adolescent athlete: current perspectives [2017]

• PM&R
  • Menstrual Irregularity, Hormonal Contraceptive Use, and Bone Stress Injuries in Collegiate Female Athletes in the United States [2021]

• Translational Pediatrics
  • The female athlete triad: special considerations for adolescent female athletes [2017]

Western countries

• Journal of the American Heart Association
  • Impact of Secondary Amenorrhea on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Physically Active Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2024]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Amenorrhea, premature ovarian insufficiency