Menstruation disturbances, female gonadal disorders

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Hyperprolactinemia, galactorrhea

Australia

• Australian Prescriber
  • Hyperprolactinaemia [2017]

Austria, Germany, Switzerland

• European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
  • Galactorrhea during antipsychotic treatment: results from AMSP, a drug surveillance program, between 1993 and 2015 [2021]

Brazil

• Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Controversial issues in the management of hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas – An overview by the Neuroendocrinology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism [2018]

• Federação Brasileira das Associações de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
  • Treatment of hyperprolactinemia in women: A Position Statement from the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations (Febrasgo) and the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) [2024]

Europe

• European Society of Endocrinology
  • Revised European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline for the management of aggressive pituitary tumours and pituitary carcinomas [2025]

High-income countries

• Frontiers in Endocrinology
  • The efficacy and safety of quinagolide in hyperprolactinemia treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

India

• Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India
  • Galactorrhoea- Treating the right way [2020]

International

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Global Prevalence of Macroprolactinemia among Patients with Hyperprolactinemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2020]

• Pharmaceutical Medicine
  • Clinical Presentations of Drug-Induced Hyperprolactinaemia: A Literature Review [2023]

• Pituitary Society
  • Diagnosis and management of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas: a Pituitary Society international Consensus Statement [2023]

Italy

• European Journal of Endocrinology
  • Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AME) and International Chapter of Clinical Endocrinology (ICCE). Position statement for clinical practice: prolactin-secreting tumors [2022]

Republic of Korea

• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
  • Development of a Guideline for Antipsychotic-induced Hyperprolactinemia in Korea Using the ADAPTE Process [2023]

Saudi Arabia

• Council of Health Insurance
  • Hyperprolactinemia [2023]

Spain

• Endocrinología y Nutrición (English Edition)
  • Clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of prolactinoma and hyperprolactinemia [2013]

Turkey

• Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Hyperprolactinemia in Children and Adolescents: National Survey [2019]

United Kingdom

• BJPsych Advances
  • Hyperprolactinaemia: A guide for psychiatrists [2017]

• NHS England
  • Hyperprolactinaemia - a guide for GPs [2025]

United States

• American Family Physician
  • Galactorrhea: Rapid Evidence Review [2022]

• Endocrine Society
  • Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyperprolactinemia: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline [2011]

• National Cancer Institute
  • Pituitary Tumors Treatment (PDQ®)

• StatPearls
  • Bromocriptine

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Application for inclusion of Bromocriptine and Cabergoline In the WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines (2023) for Adults and Children [2022]
  • WHO International collaborative study of the proposed 4th International Standard for Prolactin, Human [2016]

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