Pregnancy

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Embolism and thrombosis in pregnancy

Australia

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • A comparison of international clinical practice guidelines for postpartum venous thromboembolism prophylaxis [2025]

• Queensland Health
  • Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in pregnancy and the puerperium
  • Guidelines Supplement: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pregnancy and the puerperium

• SA Health
  • Thromboprophylaxis and Thromboembolic Disease in Pregnancy
  • Thrombophilia in Pregnancy
  • Amniotic Fluid Embolism

Australia, New Zealand

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Amniotic fluid embolism: an Australian-New Zealand population-based study [2015]

Balkan countries

• Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis
  • Position Paper on the Management of Pregnancy-Associated Superficial Venous Thrombosis. Balkan Working Group for Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism [2022]

Canada

• Perinatal Services BC
  • Thrombotic Disorders

• Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
  • Venous Thromboembolism and Antithrombotic Therapy in Pregnancy [2014]

• Thrombosis Canada
  • Pregnancy: Venous Thromboembolism Treatment
  • Pregnancy: Thromboprophylaxis
  • Pregnancy: Diagnosis of DVT and PE

Canada, Europe, United States

• Polish Archives of Internal Medicine
  • Venous thromboembolism in pregnancy: recent advances [2025]

China

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Amniotic fluid embolism as a cause of maternal mortality in China between 1996 and 2013: a population-based retrospective study [2016]

• Chinese Medical Journal
  • Interpretation of Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and management of amniotic fluid embolism [2020]

Europe, United States

• Thrombosis Research
  • Management of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy [2022]

Germany

• Hämostaseologie
  • Management of Antithrombin Deficiency in Pregnancy [2022]

India

• Indian Journal of Medical Research
  • Management of thromboembolic disorders during pregnancy in resource-constrained settings: An Indian perspective [2023]

International

• Advances in Therapy
  • Safety and Efficacy of Enoxaparin in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2020]

• BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
  • Postpartum venous thromboembolism prophylaxis may cause more harm than benefit: a critical analysis of international guidelines through an evidence-based lens [2018]

• BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
  • Critical appraisal of international guidelines for the prevention and treatment of pregnancy-associated venous thromboembolism: a systematic review [2019]

• BMJ Open
  • Risk assessment models for venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and in the puerperium: a systematic review [2022]

• Hematology: the American Society of Hematology Education Program
  • Prevention and management of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy: cutting through the practice variation [2021]

• International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis
  • Systematic review of viscoelastic testing (TEG/ROTEM) in obstetrics and recommendations from the women's SSC of the ISTH [2020]

• Journal of Medicine and Life
  • Risk factors and predisposing conditions for amniotic fluid embolism: a comprehensive review [2025]

• Journal of Perinatal Medicine
  • Strategies for the prevention of maternal death from venous thromboembolism clinical recommendations based on current literature [2022]

• Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis
  • Guidance for the treatment and prevention of obstetric-associated venous thromboembolism [2016]

• Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
  • Thromboprophylaxis during the Pregnancy-Puerperal Cycle [2020]

Japan

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • A retrospective cohort study using a national surveillance questionnaire to investigate the characteristics of maternal venous thromboembolism in Japan in 2018 [2021]

• Circulation Journal
  • Increase in Maternal Death-Related Venous Thromboembolism During Pregnancy in Japan (2010–2013) [2015]

• Neurologia medico-chirurgica
  • Antithrombotic Therapy for Pregnant Women [2013]

Latin America

• Blood Advances
  • American Society of Hematology, ABHH, ACHO, Grupo CAHT, Grupo CLAHT, SAH, SBHH, SHU, SOCHIHEM, SOMETH, Sociedad Panamena de Hematología, Sociedad Peruana de Hematología, and SVH 2023 guidelines for diagnosis of venous thromboembolism and for its management in special populations in Latin America [2023]

Malaysia

• Ministry of Health Malaysia
  • Prevention & Treatment of Thromboembolism In Pregnancy and Puerperium: A Training Manual [2018]

Oman

• Ministry of Health Oman
  • Thromboembolism in pregnancy
  • Guidelines of Management of thrombosis and thromboprohylaxis in pregnancy and postpartum
  • Amniotic Fluid Embolism

Republic of Korea

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
  • Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism, 2nd Edition: Korean Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines [2014]

Singapore

• Academy of Medicine, Singapore
  • Venous Thromboembolism in Pregnancy – Recommendations for Prevention, Treatment and Investigation [2021]

Sweden

• Advances in Hematology
  • Obstetric thromboprophylaxis: the Swedish guidelines [2011]

• BMJ Open
  • Defining venous thromboembolism and measuring its incidence using Swedish health registries: a nationwide pregnancy cohort study [2015]

• European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X
  • Duration of labor among women with thromboembolic events: A Swedish register study [2021]

• Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
  • Swedish obstetric thromboprophylaxis guideline: background and update [2023]

Taiwan

• Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Incidence of and risk factors for thromboembolism during pregnancy and postpartum: A 10-year nationwide population-based study [2021]

United Kingdom

• BJA Education
  • Venous thromboembolism in pregnancy-diagnosis, management, and treatment [2021]

• Health Technology Assessment
  • Thromboprophylaxis during pregnancy and the puerperium: a systematic review and economic evaluation to estimate the value of future research [2024]

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in pregnancy [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • The Incidence of First Venous Thromboembolism in and around Pregnancy Using Linked Primary and Secondary Care Data: A Population Based Cohort Study from England and Comparative Meta-Analysis [2013]

• Right Decisions
  • Thromboprophylaxis during Pregnancy and the Puerperium
  • Thromboembolic Disease during Pregnancy and the Puerperium

• Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Thrombosis and Embolism during Pregnancy and the Puerperium: Acute Management [2015]
  • Reducing the Risk of Thrombosis and Embolism during Pregnancy and the Puerperium [2015]

• WISDOM
  • Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Thrombosis in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period [2024]

United States

• American College of Chest Physicians
  • VTE, thrombophilia, antithrombotic therapy, and pregnancy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines [2012]

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Proposed diagnostic criteria for the case definition of amniotic fluid embolism in research studies [2016]

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM
  • "Inpatient pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in the antepartum period: an argument for universal thromboprophylaxis" [2025]
  • Trends in postpartum venous thromboembolism and chemical prophylaxis among insured US patients [2022]

• American Society of Hematology
  • Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in the Context of Pregnancy [2019]
  • American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: venous thromboembolism in the context of pregnancy [2018]
  • ASH VTE Guidelines: Pregnancy

• Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
  • Standardized Practices to Address Maternal Venous Thromboembolism: AWHONN Practice Brief Number 7 [2020]

• Journal of the American College of Cardiology
  • Venous Thromboembolism Associated With Pregnancy: JACC Focus Seminar [2020]

• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • Postpartum pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis and complications in a US cohort [2024]

• Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • National Partnership for Maternal Safety: Consensus Bundle on Venous Thromboembolism [2016]

• Seminars in Perinatology
  • Venous thromboembolism as a cause of severe maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States [2019]

• Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Special Statement: Checklist for initial management of amniotic fluid embolism [2021]
  • Amniotic fluid embolism: diagnosis and management [2016]

• Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology
  • The Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology Consensus Statement on the Anesthetic Management of Pregnant and Postpartum Women Receiving Thromboprophylaxis or Higher Dose Anticoagulants [2018]

• Thrombosis Research
  • Developing a Model for Predicting Venous Thromboembolism in Obese Pregnant Women in a National Study [2020]

Western countries

• Hematology: the American Society of Hematology Education Program
  • Prevention, diagnosis, and management of PE and DVT in pregnant women [2023]

• Hämostaseologie
  • VTE Risk Assessment and Prevention in Pregnancy [2024]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Respiratory tract diseases, hypersensitivity in pregnancy
  • Hematologic diseases in pregnancy, anemia in pregnancy
  • Cardiovascular diseases in pregnancy