Pregnancy

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Fetal maturation, antenatal corticosteroids

Australia

• Queensland Health
  • Antenatal corticosteroids (guideline supplement)
  • Antenatal corticosteroids

Brazil

• Revista Paulista de Pediatria
  • Use of antenatal corticosteroids in Brazil: data analysis from the National Survey Nascer no Brasil [2021]

Canada

• JAMA Network Open
  • Timing of Antenatal Corticosteroid Administration and Neonatal Outcomes [2025]

• Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
  • Antenatal Corticosteroids at Late Preterm Gestation [2023]

Canada, United States

• Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada
  • Antenatal Corticosteroid Prophylaxis at Late Preterm Gestation: Clinical Guidelines Versus Clinical Practice [2023]

China

• BMC Pediatrics
  • The variation of antenatal corticosteroids administration for the singleton preterm birth in China, 2017 to 2018 [2022]

• Chinese Medical Journal
  • Use of antenatal corticosteroids among infants with gestational age at 24 to 31 weeks in 57 neonatal intensive care units of China: a cross-sectional study [2023]

• Frontiers in Pediatrics
  • Antenatal corticosteroids is associated with better postnatal growth outcomes of very preterm infants: A national multicenter cohort study in China [2023]

• Italian Journal of Pediatrics
  • Association between antenatal corticosteroids and neonatal outcomes among very preterm infants born to mothers with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a multicenter cohort study [2025]

Denmark

• JAMA Network Open
  • Mental Disorders Among Offspring Prenatally Exposed to Systemic Glucocorticoids [2025]

Ethiopia

• BMJ Global Health
  • Barriers to improving preterm newborn outcomes through effective antenatal corticosteroid use in Ethiopia [2025]

• Global Pediatric Health
  • Antenatal Steroid Utilization in Ethiopia [2021]

Europe

• Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
  • European guidelines on perinatal care: corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth [2023]

Finland

• JAMA Network Open
  • Associations Between Maternal Antenatal Corticosteroid Treatment and Psychological Developmental and Neurosensory Disorders in Children [2022]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Antenatal corticosteroid therapy (ACT) and size at birth: A population-based analysis using the Finnish Medical Birth Register [2019]

Finland, United Kingdom

• JAMA Network Open
  • Antenatal Corticosteroids and Infectious Diseases Throughout Childhood [2025]

France

• Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
  • Impact of antenatal corticosteroids on head circumference of full-term newborns: A French multicenter cohort study [2020]

High-income countries

• BMJ Open
  • Antenatal corticosteroids in specific groups at risk of preterm birth: a systematic review [2023]

• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth [2022]

• Pediatric Research
  • Neurological implications of antenatal corticosteroids on late preterm and term infants: a scoping review [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Consortium for the Study of Pregnancy Treatments (Co-OPT): An international birth cohort to study the effects of antenatal corticosteroids [2023]

India

• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
  • Use of Antenatal Corticosteroids in Preterm Labour [2014]

International

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Antenatal Corticosteroids in Preterm Small-for-Gestational Age Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2020]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Antenatal corticosteroids for management of preterm birth: a multi-country analysis of health system bottlenecks and potential solutions [2015]

• BMJ
  • The proportions of term or late preterm births after exposure to early antenatal corticosteroids, and outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis of 1.6 million infants [2023]

• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for improving neonatal health outcomes [2022]
  • Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth [2020]

• EClinicalMedicine
  • Effect of antenatal corticosteroid administration-to-birth interval on maternal and newborn outcomes: a systematic review [2023]

• Frontiers in Pharmacology
  • The role of antenatal corticosteroids in twin pregnancy [2023]

• Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
  • Administration of Antenatal Corticosteroids: Optimal Timing [2024]

• International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
  • FIGO good practice recommendations on the use of prenatal corticosteroids to improve outcomes and minimize harm in babies born preterm [2021]

• JAMA Pediatrics
  • Evaluation of Long-term Outcomes Associated With Preterm Exposure to Antenatal Corticosteroids: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2022]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Updated WHO recommendations on antenatal corticosteroids and tocolytic therapy for improving preterm birth outcomes [2022]

• Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
  • Point: Antenatal corticosteroid treatment in the late preterm period-Are the benefits worth the potential risks? [2023]

• Pediatric Research
  • Antenatal corticosteroids: a reappraisal of the drug formulation and dose [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Antenatal corticosteroids for impending late preterm (34-36+6 weeks) deliveries—A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs [2021]
  • Antenatal Corticosteroids for Reducing Adverse Maternal and Child Outcomes in Special Populations of Women at Risk of Imminent Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2016]

• Reproductive Health
  • The global network antenatal corticosteroids trial: impact on stillbirth [2016]
  • The Antenatal Corticosteroids Trial (ACT)’s explanations for neonatal mortality - a secondary analysis [2016]
  • The Antenatal Corticosteroids Trial (ACT): a secondary analysis to explore site differences in a multi-country trial [2016]

• World Association of Perinatal Medicine
  • The use of antenatal corticosteroids for fetal maturation: clinical practice guideline by the WAPM-World Association of Perinatal Medicine and the PMF-Perinatal Medicine foundation [2022]

Ireland

• Ireland's Health Services
  • National Clinical Practice Guideline: Antenatal Corticosteroids to Reduce Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality [2024]

Japan

• Scientific Reports
  • Antenatal corticosteroids and preterm offspring outcomes in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A Japanese cohort study [2020]

Low and middle income countries

• Health Research Policy and Systems
  • Antenatal corticosteroids for early preterm birth: implementation strategy lessons from the WHO ACTION-I trial [2022]

• Journal of Global Health
  • Antenatal corticosteroids for pregnant women at risk of preterm labour in low- and middle-income countries: utilisation and facility readiness [2025]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Antenatal dexamethasone for improving preterm newborn outcomes in low-resource countries: a cost-effectiveness analysis of the WHO ACTION-I trial [2022]

• New England Journal of Medicine
  • Antenatal Dexamethasone for Early Preterm Birth in Low-Resource Countries [2020]

• PLoS ONE
  • Assessing the quality of antenatal corticosteroids in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review [2020]

• Reproductive Health
  • Use of antenatal corticosteroids at health facilities and communities in low-and-middle income countries [2016]
  • Reducing neonatal mortality associated with preterm birth: gaps in knowledge of the impact of antenatal corticosteroids on preterm birth outcomes in low-middle income countries [2016]

• Trials
  • The World Health Organization ACTION-I (Antenatal CorTicosteroids for Improving Outcomes in preterm Newborns) Trial: a multi-country, multi-centre, two-arm, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled, individually randomized trial of antenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of imminent birth in the early preterm period in hospitals in low-resource countries [2019]

Netherlands

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • OPtimal TIming of antenatal COrticosteroid administration in pregnancies complicated by early-onset fetal growth REstriction: results of a large multicenter cohort study (the OPTICORE study) [2025]

New Zealand

• Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
  • Little evidence for long-term harm from antenatal corticosteroids in a population-based very low birthweight young adult cohort [2022]

Pakistan

• Ministry of National Health Services Regulations and Coordination
  • National Guidelines for Antenatal Use of Corticosteroids (ACS) for the Management of Preterm Births in Pakistan [2024]

Republic of Korea

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • A comparison of short- and long-term prognoses between cases with and without antenatal corticosteroid administration in late preterm delivery: a nationwide population-based study [2025]

• BMJ Paediatrics Open
  • Effects of antenatal corticosteroids on neonatal outcomes in twin and singleton pregnancies: a Korean national cohort study [2023]

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
  • Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Antenatal Corticosteroid Therapy in Late Preterm Twins: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study [2025]

• Pediatrics and Neonatology
  • Dose completion of antenatal corticosteroids and neonatal outcomes in non-small-for-gestational age or small-for-gestational age very-low-birthweight infants: A Korean population-based cohort study [2022]

Singapore

• Singapore Medical Journal
  • Antenatal corticosteroids in Singapore: a clinical and scientific assessment [2024]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• Global Health: Science and Practice
  • Antenatal Corticosteroids for Women at Risk of Imminent Preterm Birth in 7 sub-Saharan African Countries: A Policy and Implementation Landscape Analysis [2018]

Taiwan

• BMJ
  • Association between antenatal corticosteroids and risk of serious infection in children: nationwide cohort study [2023]

• Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
  • The gestational effect of antenatal corticosteroids on respiratory distress syndrome in very low birth weight infants: A population-based study [2020]

Tanzania

• Ministry of Health Tanzania
  • Administration of Antenatal Corticosteroids in Pre-Term Labour [2015]

United Kingdom

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Quality statement 5: Corticosteroids for women between 24+0 and 33+6 weeks of pregnancy [2019]

• Pregnancy Hypertension
  • Optimising timing of steroid administration in preterm pre-eclampsia [2022]

• Right Decisions
  • Guideline for Corticosteroids administration in the antenatal period to reduce neonatal morbidity

• Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Antenatal corticosteroids to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality [2022]

United States

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • Use of Antenatal Corticosteroids at 22 Weeks of Gestation [2021]
  • Antenatal Corticosteroid Therapy for Fetal Maturation [2017]

• American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • The impact of the Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids trial on the administration of antenatal corticosteroids [2022]
  • Assessing the potential impact of extending antenatal steroids to the late preterm period [2017]

• Children
  • Antenatal Corticosteroids: Extending the Practice for Late-Preterm and Scheduled Early-Term Deliveries? [2021]

• JAMA
  • Association of antenatal corticosteroids with mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants born at 22–25 weeks gestation [2011]

• JAMA Network Open
  • US Incidence of Late-Preterm Steroid Use and Associated Neonatal Respiratory Morbidity After Publication of the Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids Trial, 2015-2017 [2022]

• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • Short Duration of Antenatal Corticosteroid Exposure and Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Infants [2025]
  • Obstacles to Optimal Antenatal Corticosteroid Administration to Eligible Patients [2024]
  • Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Late Preterm Antenatal Corticosteroids: The ALPS Follow-Up Study [2024]
  • Evaluation of Hypoglycemia in Neonates of Women at Risk for Late Preterm Delivery: An Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids Trial Cohort Study [2023]
  • The effects of betamethasone on the amplitude integrated EEG of infants born at 34- or 35-weeks gestation [2022]
  • Potential missed opportunities for antenatal corticosteroid exposure and outcomes among periviable births: observational cohort study [2022]
  • Association of Antenatal Steroid Exposure at 21 to 22 Weeks of Gestation With Neonatal Survival and Survival Without Morbidities [2022]
  • Antenatal Corticosteroids and Preterm Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality among Women with and without Diabetes in Pregnancy [2022]
  • Optimal timing of antenatal corticosteroid administration and preterm neonatal and early childhood outcomes [2020]
  • Association of Antenatal Corticosteroids and Magnesium Sulfate Therapy With Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Extremely Preterm Children [2020]
  • Discordance in Antenatal Corticosteroid Use and Resuscitation Following Extremely Preterm Birth [2019]
  • Cost-effectiveness of Antenatal Corticosteroid Therapy vs No Therapy in Women at Risk of Late Preterm Delivery: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial [2019]
  • Mortality and pulmonary outcomes of extremely preterm infants exposed to antenatal corticosteroids [2018]
  • What we have learned about antenatal corticosteroid regimens [2016]
  • Association of Neurodevelopmental Outcomes and Neonatal Morbidities of Extremely Premature Infants With Differential Exposure to Antenatal Steroids [2016]
  • Association of Antenatal Corticosteroids With Mortality, Morbidity, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Multiple Gestation Infants [2016]
  • Association of antenatal corticosteroids with mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants born at 22 to 25 weeks' gestation [2011]

• New England Journal of Medicine
  • Antenatal Corticosteroids for Women at Risk of Late Preterm Delivery [2016]

• Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Antenatal Corticosteroids at 21-23 Weeks of Gestation [2024]

• Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Special Statement: Quality metrics for optimal timing of antenatal corticosteroid administration [2022]
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #58: Use of antenatal corticosteroids for individuals at risk for late preterm delivery [2021]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • WHO recommendations on antenatal corticosteroids for improving preterm birth outcomes [2022]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Premature labor, preterm delivery
  • Obstetrics, perinatology
  • Neonatal respiratory diseases