Obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive medicine guidelines

Urogynecology, urinary and fecal incontinence

Guidelines, reviews, statements, recommendations, standards

 

Fecal incontinence

• Australia
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Management of faecal incontinence in residential aged care [2018]
• Canada
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Fecal incontinence in older adults [2020]
  • Canadian Geriatrics Society
    • Fecal Incontinence in Older Adults: A Practical Approach [2019]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Obstetrical Anal Sphincter Injuries (OASIS): Prevention, Recognition, and Repair [2015]
• Denmark
  • Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) [2019]
• Europe
  • Journal of the Intensive Care Society
    • Expert Recommendations for Managing Acute Faecal Incontinence with Diarrhoea in the Intensive Care Unit [2013]
• Germany
  • GMS German Medical Science
    • German S3-Guideline: Rectovaginal fistula [2012]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Management of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury [2012]
• Japan
  • Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon
    • Japanese Practice Guidelines for Fecal Incontinence Part 2-Examination and Conservative Treatment for Fecal Incontinence- English Version [2021]
    • Japanese Practice Guidelines for Fecal Incontinence Part 1-Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathophysiology and Causes, Risk Factors, Clinical Evaluations, and Symptomatic Scores and QoL Questionnaire for Clinical Evaluations-English Version [2021]
• Sweden
  • Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care
    • Anal sphincter injuries [2016]
• United Kingdom
  • Age and Ageing
    • National audit of continence care: adherence to National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) Guidance in older versus younger adults with faecal incontinence [2014]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Managing Faecal INcontinence in people with advanced dementia resident in Care Homes (FINCH) study: a realist synthesis of the evidence [2017]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Faecal incontinence in adults [2014]
    • Faecal incontinence
  • Royal College of Surgeons
    • Faecal Incontinence - Commissioning Guide [2014]
• United States of America
  • American College of Gastroenterology
    • ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Benign Anorectal Disorders [2014]
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology
    • Epidemiologic Trends and Diagnostic Evaluation of Fecal Incontinence [2020]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Urogynecology, urinary and fecal incontinence
    • Fecal incontinence: treatment

Fecal incontinence: treatment

• Japan
  • Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon
    • Japanese Practice Guidelines for Fecal Incontinence Part 3 -Surgical Treatment for Fecal Incontinence, Fecal Incontinence in a Special Conditions- English Version [2021]
• United Kingdom
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Self-expanding implant insertion into the intersphincteric space for faecal incontinence [2021]
    • Axonics sacral neuromodulation system for faecal incontinence [2021]
    • Insertion of a magnetic-bead band for faecal incontinence [2014]
    • Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) for faecal incontinence [2011]
    • Endoscopic radiofrequency therapy of the anal sphincter for faecal incontinence [2011]
    • Transabdominal artificial bowel sphincter implantation for faecal incontinence [2008]
    • Injectable bulking agents for faecal incontinence [2007]
  • NHS England
    • Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) for faecal incontinence (Adult) [2013]
• United States of America
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Treatments for Fecal Incontinence: Current State of the Evidence [2016]
    • Treatments for Fecal Incontinence: A Review of the Research for Adults [2016]
    • Treatments for Fecal Incontinence [2016]
  • American Gastroenterological Association
    • Surgical Interventions and the Use of Device-Aided Therapy for the Treatment of Fecal Incontinence and Defecatory Disorders [2017]
  • American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons
    • The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons’ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Fecal Incontinence [2015]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Urogynecology, urinary and fecal incontinence
    • Fecal incontinence

Obstetric fistula, vesicovaginal fistula

• Burundi
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Obstetric Fistula in Burundi: a comprehensive approach to managing women with this neglected disease [2013]
  • United Nations Population Fund
    • Management of Obstetric Fistula in Burundi [2016]
• Eritrea
  • Patient Education and Counseling
    • The role of counseling for obstetric fistula patients: Lessons learned from Eritrea [2010]
• Ethiopia
  • African Health Sciences
    • Determinants of obstetric fistula in Ethiopia [2017]
  • Reproductive Health
    • A population based survey in Ethiopia using questionnaire as proxy to estimate obstetric fistula prevalence: results from demographic and health survey [2013]
• Guinea
  • Reproductive Health
    • Factors associated with the failure of obstetric fistula repair in Guinea: implications for practice [2016]
• India
  • Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn
    • Correlates of Occurrence of Obstetric Fistula among Women in Selected States of India: An Analysis of DLHS-3 Data [2011]
• International
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Estimating the prevalence of obstetric fistula: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2013]
  • Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research
    • Obstetric Fistula e-Learning Course [2015]
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • Global competency-based fistula surgery training manual [2011]
  • International Urogynecology Journal
    • Risk factors for obstetric fistula: a clinical review [2011]
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Seizing the moment to end obstetric fistula [2014]
  • Tropical Medicine & International Health
    • The association between female genital fistula symptoms and gender-based violence: A multicountry secondary analysis of household survey data [2018]
  • U.S. Agency for International Development
    • Fistula Care Plus
  • United Nations
    • UN resolution on fistula 2018 [2019]
    • UN report on obstetric fistula 2018 [2018]
  • United Nations Population Fund
    • Obstetric fistula
    • Campaign to End Fistula
  • World Bank
    • Obstetric Fistula [2015]
• Low-income countries
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Overcoming phase 1 delays: the critical component of obstetric fistula prevention programs in resource-poor countries [2012]
• Low-resource countries
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Obstetric fistula in low-resource countries: an under-valued and under-studied problem – systematic review of its incidence, prevalence, and association with stillbirth [2015]
• Low-resource settings
  • International Urogynecology Journal
    • Demand and capacity to integrate pelvic organ prolapse and genital fistula services in low-resource settings [2018]
• Nepal
  • Ministry of Health and Population
    • Management of Obstetric Fistula for Health Care Providers – On-the-Job Training [2015]
• Nigeria
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Obstetric fistula policy in Nigeria: a critical discourse analysis [2018]
    • Community-based screening for obstetric fistula in Nigeria: a novel approach [2014]
• Pakistan
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Prevalence of obstetric fistula: a population-based study in rural Pakistan [2014]
• South Sudan
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Obstetric fistula in Southern Sudan: situational analysis and Key Informant Method to estimate prevalence [2013]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Risk factors for vaginal fistula symptoms in Sub-Saharan Africa: a pooled analysis of national household survey data [2016]
  • International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
    • Systematic review of shorter versus longer duration of bladder catheterization after surgical repair of urinary obstetric fistula [2018]
  • Tropical Medicine & International Health
    • Rehabilitation experiences after obstetric fistula repair: systematic review of qualitative studies [2015]
• Sudan
  • Sudan Health Observatory
    • National fistula management guidelines, December 2011 [2011]
• Uganda
  • Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
    • Experiences with Obstetric Fistula in Rural Uganda [2009]
• United Kingdom
  • NHS England
    • Specialised complex gynaecology/female urology: Genito-urinary tract fistulae (girls and women aged 16 years and above) [2020]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendation on duration of bladder catheterization after surgical repair of simple obstetric urinary fistula [2018]
    • Obstetric fistula: guiding principles for clinical management and programme development [2006]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Urogynecology, urinary and fecal incontinence
    • Labor, delivery, postpartum

Overactive bladder

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Overactive bladder syndrome – management and treatment options [2012]
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Overactive bladder syndrome: Management and treatment options [2020]
  • Medical Services Advisory Committee
    • Transurethral Injection of Botulinum Toxin into the Bladder Wall for Urinary Incontinence due to Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity [2012]
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand
    • Conjoint Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand (USANZ) and Urogynaecological Society of Australasia (UGSA) Guidelines on the management of adult non-neurogenic overactive bladder [2016]
• Brazil
  • Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
    • Overactive bladder - pharmacological treatment [2019]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • The Use of the Electromotive Drug Administration System in Patients with Overactive Bladder: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, and Cost-Effectiveness [2014]
  • Canadian Urological Association
    • CUA guideline on adult overactive bladder [2017]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Treatments for Overactive Bladder: Focus on Pharmacotherapy [2018]
    • Treatments for Overactive Bladder: Focus on Pharmacotherapy – An Addendum [2017]
• Europe
  • European Association of Urology
    • Dealing with complex overactive bladder syndrome patient profiles with focus on fesoterodine: in or out of the EAU guidelines? [2017]
• France
  • Progrès en Urologie
    • Guidelines for practical usage of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) for refractory idiopathic overactive bladder management: Translation of French recommendations [2014]
• Poland
  • Ginekologia Polska
    • The Urogynecology Section of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians guidelines on the management of non-neurogenic overactive bladder syndrome in women [2021]
• Turkey
  • Turkish Journal of Urology
    • The attitudes of Urologists and Gynecologists about overactive bladder and treatment of it in Turkey: A questionnaire survey [2017]
• United Kingdom
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Bladder ultrasonography for diagnosing detrusor overactivity: test accuracy study and economic evaluation [2016]
  • Journal of Clinical Urology
    • Botulinum toxin-A for the treatment of overactive bladder: UK contributions [2013]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Axonics sacral neuromodulation system for treating refractory overactive bladder [2020]
    • Mirabegron for treating symptoms of overactive bladder [2013]
    • Percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation for overactive bladder syndrome [2010]
  • NHS England
    • Sacral Nerve Stimulation for Overactive Bladder [2015]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Botulinum Toxin for an Overactive Bladder [2014]
• United States of America
  • American Urological Association
    • Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Neurogenic Overactive Bladder (OAB) in Adults: an AUA/SUFU Guideline (2019) [2019]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Urinary incontinence

Pelvic organ prolapse

• Canada
  • Health Quality Ontario
    • Vaginal Pessaries for Pelvic Organ Prolapse or Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Health Technology Assessment [2021]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Vaginal Pessary Use [2021]
    • Surgical Management of Apical Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Women [2021]
    • Transvaginal Mesh Procedures for Pelvic Organ Prolapse [2017]
• China
  • Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy
    • An epidemiologic study on symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse in obese Chinese women: a population-based study in China [2018]
• Germany, Switzerland, Austria
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Diagnosis and Therapy of Female Pelvic Organ Prolapse. Guideline of the DGGG, SGGG and OEGGG (S2e-Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/006, April 2016) [2016]
• International
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • Review of statements on use of synthetic mesh [2019]
  • International Urogynecological Association
    • An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) / International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic organ prolapse (POP) [2016]
    • An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint terminology and classification of the complications related to native tissue female pelvic floor surgery [2012]
    • An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for reporting outcomes of surgical procedures for pelvic organ prolapse [2012]
    • An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint terminology and classification of the complications related directly to the insertion of prostheses (meshes, implants, tapes) & grafts in female pelvic floor surgery [2010]
• Iran
  • Advances in Bioscience and Clinical Medicine
    • Adaptation of Pelvic Organ Prolapse Guideline in Iranian Adult Women [2018]
• Italy
  • Journal of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Disorders
    • Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Working Group (SICCR): Doubts and Evidence for a Practical Guide [2017]
• United Kingdom
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Surgical interventions for uterine prolapse and for vault prolapse: the two VUE RCTs [2020]
  • International Urogynecology Journal
    • A survey of prolapse practice in UK women’s health physiotherapists: what has changed in the last decade? [2016]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Bilateral cervicosacropexy (CESA) or vaginosacropexy (VASA) using mesh for pelvic organ prolapse [2020]
    • Laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy for internal rectal prolapse [2018]
    • Laparoscopic mesh pectopexy for apical prolapse of the uterus or vagina [2018]
    • Uterine suspension using mesh (including sacrohysteropexy) to repair uterine prolapse [2017]
    • Transvaginal mesh repair of anterior or posterior vaginal wall prolapse [2017]
    • Sacrocolpopexy with hysterectomy using mesh to repair uterine prolapse [2017]
    • Sacrocolpopexy using mesh to repair vaginal vault prolapse [2017]
    • Infracoccygeal sacropexy using mesh to repair vaginal vault prolapse [2017]
    • Infracoccygeal sacropexy using mesh to repair uterine prolapse [2017]
    • Uterine prolapse
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Vaginal Surgery for Prolapse (Consent Advice) [2009]
• United States of America
  • Society of Gynecologic Surgeons
    • Mesh Sacrocolpopexy Compared With Native Tissue Vaginal Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2015]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Urogynecology, urinary and fecal incontinence

Urinary incontinence

• Australia
  • Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care
    • Persistent incontinence [2018]
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Management of urinary incontinence in residential care [2016]
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Australian community health practitioners’ knowledge and experience with managing urinary incontinence that begins in childhood [2019]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Perineal Skin Cleansers for Adults with Urine Incontinence in Long-Term Care or Hospital Settings: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines [2019]
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Office management of urinary incontinence among older patients [2010]
  • Canadian Urological Association
    • Canadian Urological Association guideline for the diagnosis, management, and surveillance of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction [2019]
    • 2012 Update: Guidelines for Adult Urinary Incontinence Collaborative Consensus Document for the Canadian Urological Association [2012]
  • Health Quality Ontario
    • Electronic Monitoring Systems to Assess Urinary Incontinence: A Health Technology Assessment [2018]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Conservative Care of Urinary Incontinence in Women [2020]
    • Guidelines for the Evaluation and Treatment of Recurrent Urinary Incontinence Following Pelvic Floor Surgery [2017]
• China
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences
    • Evaluation and Management of Neurogenic Bladder: What Is New in China? [2015]
• Europe
  • European Association of Urology
    • Urinary Incontinence
  • Urologia Internationalis
    • Prevalence, Incidence and Obstetric Factors’ Impact on Female Urinary Incontinence in Europe: A Systematic Review [2013]
• Germany, Switzerland, Austria
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Interdisciplinary S2e Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women [2013]
• India
  • Indian Journal of Urology
    • The Urological Society of India Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Nonneurogenic Urinary Incontinence in Adults (Executive Summary) [2019]
    • The Urological Society of India survey on urinary incontinence practice patterns among urologists [2018]
• International
  • BJU International
    • Guideline of guidelines: urinary incontinence [2016]
  • International Urogynecological Association
    • Evaluation and outcome measures in the treatment of female urinary stress incontinence: International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) guidelines for research and clinical practice [2008]
• Netherlands
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Cost-effectiveness of a pro-active approach of urinary incontinence in women [2016]
• New Zealand
  • Best Practice Advocacy Centre New Zealand
    • Urinary incontinence in women: the management of urinary incontinence in women [2016]
• Poland
  • Ginekologia Polska
    • The Urogynecology Section of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians Guideline on the use of urodynamic testing in gynecological practice [2021]
  • Przeglad Menopauzalny = Menopause Review
    • Urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women – causes, symptoms, treatment [2019]
• Turkey
  • Patient preference and adherence
    • Adaptation and validation of the Michigan Incontinence Severity Index in a Turkish population [2016]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Family Practice
    • Determinants of referral of women with urinary incontinence to specialist services: a national cohort study using primary care data from the UK [2020]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in women: management [2019]
    • Urinary incontinence in women [2015]
    • Urinary incontinence in neurological disease: Management of lower urinary tract dysfunction in neurological disease [2012]
    • Urinary incontinence
• United States of America
  • American Urological Association
    • Adult Urodynamics: AUA/SUFU Guideline (2012) [2012]
  • Neurourology and Urodynamics
    • The University of Michigan Incontinence Symptom Index (M-ISI): a Clinical Measure for Type, Severity, and Bother related to Urinary Incontinence [2014]
  • Women's Preventive Services Initiative
    • Screening for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Recommendation From the Women's Preventive Services Initiative [2018]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Urogynecology, urinary and fecal incontinence
    • Urinary incontinence: treatment
    • Overactive bladder

Urinary incontinence: treatment

• Brazil
  • Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
    • Occult Urinary Incontinence Treatment: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis-Brazilian Guidelines [2019]
• Canada
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Mid-Urethral Slings for Stress Urinary Incontinence [2019]
    • The Evaluation of Stress Incontinence Prior to Primary Surgery [2018]
    • Intravaginal Laser for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause and Stress Urinary Incontinence [2018]
    • Conservative Management of Urinary Incontinence [2018]
• Europe
  • European Medicines Agency
    • Guideline on the clinical investigation of medicinal products for the treatment of urinary incontinence [2013]
• Germany, Switzerland, Austria
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Guideline-Based Strategies in the Surgical Treatment of Female Urinary Incontinence: The New Gold Standard is Almost the Same as the Old One [2016]
• International
  • Systematic Reviews
    • Surgical treatments for women with stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review of economic evidence [2020]
• Netherlands
  • International Urogynecology Journal
    • Dutch guidelines for physiotherapy in patients with stress urinary incontinence: an update [2013]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • Considering Surgical Mesh to Treat Stress Urinary Incontinence? [2019]
    • Surgical Mesh Registry: Cost Benefit Analysis [2018]
• Republic of Korea
  • International Neurourology Journal
    • Nationwide Database of Surgical Treatment Pattern for Patients With Stress Urinary Incontinence in Korea [2014]
• United Kingdom
  • BMJ Open
    • Geographical variation in rates of surgical treatment for female stress urinary incontinence in England: a national cohort study [2019]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Surgical treatments for women with stress urinary incontinence: the ESTER systematic review and economic evaluation [2019]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Transvaginal laser therapy for stress urinary incontinence [2021]
    • Extraurethral (non-circumferential) retropubic adjustable compression devices for stress urinary incontinence in women [2017]
    • Single-incision short sling mesh insertion for stress urinary incontinence in women [2016]
  • NHS England
    • Specialised services for women with complications of mesh inserted for urinary incontinence and vaginal prolapse (16 years and above) [2021]
    • Specialised complex surgery for urinary incontinence and vaginal and uterine prolapse (16 years and above) [2020]
  • Regulation and Quality Improvement Authority
    • Regional Audit of the Use of Mid-Urethral Tapes for Stress Urinary Incontinence in Northern Ireland [2018]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Mesh safety alert [2018]
  • Scottish Government
    • Transvaginal mesh implants independent review: final report [2017]
    • The Scottish Independent Review of the Use, Safety and Efficacy of Transvaginal Mesh Implants in the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Women: Interim Report [2015]
• United States of America
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review Update [2018]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Evaluation of Uncomplicated Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women Before Surgical Treatment [2014]
  • American College of Physicians
    • Nonsurgical Management of Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians [2014]
  • American Urological Association
    • AUA Position Statement on the Use of Vaginal Mesh for the Surgical Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) [2019]
    • Surgical Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: AUA/SUFU Guideline [2017]
  • Translational Andrology and Urology
    • Management options for sphincteric deficiency in adults with neurogenic bladder [2016]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Urogynecology, urinary and fecal incontinence
    • Urinary incontinence

Urogynecology, urinary and fecal incontinence

• Canada
  • Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada
    • Winds of Change: Past, Present, and Future of Urogynaecology in Canada [2019]
• Europe
  • European Society of Urogenital Radiology
    • Magnetic resonance imaging of pelvic floor dysfunction - joint recommendations of the ESUR and ESGAR Pelvic Floor Working Group [2017]
• Germany, Switzerland, Austria
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Interdisciplinary S2k Guideline: Sonography in Urogynecology [2014]
• International
  • International Urogynecological Association
    • IUGA guidelines for training in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive pelvic surgery (FPM-RPS) [2010]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • Hearing and Responding to the Stories of Survivors of Surgical Mesh [2019]
• Sierra Leone
  • International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
    • Estimating the prevalence of urinary and fecal incontinence in a nationally representative survey in Sierra Leone [2014]
• United Kingdom
  • Association for Continence Advice
    • Guidance for the provision of absorbent pads for adult incontinence: A consensus document [2017]
  • NHS England
    • Excellence in Continence Care [2018]
  • Royal College of Physicians
    • National Audit of Continence Care (NACC) [2012]
• United States of America
  • American College of Radiology
    • Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
  • American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
    • AIUM/IUGA Practice Parameter for the Performance of Urogynecological Ultrasound Examinations: Developed in Collaboration with the ACR, the AUGS, the AUA, and the SRU [2019]
  • American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons
    • Consensus Statement of Definitions for Anorectal Physiology Testing and Pelvic Floor Terminology (Revised) [2018]
  • International Urogynecology Journal
    • A guide for urogynecologic patient care utilizing telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: review of existing evidence [2020]
  • Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
    • Urinary, Fecal, and Dual Incontinence in Older U.S. Adults [2015]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Urinary incontinence: treatment
    • Urinary incontinence
    • Pelvic organ prolapse
    • Obstetric fistula, vesicovaginal fistula
    • Gynecologic surgery
    • Fecal incontinence: treatment
    • Fecal incontinence