Obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive medicine guidelines

Labor, delivery, postpartum

Guidelines, reviews, statements, recommendations, standards

 

Breech presentation

• Australia
  • Better Safer Care
    • Breech presentation: diagnosis and management
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Uptake of external cephalic version for term breech presentation: an Australian population study, 2002–2012 [2017]
  • Department of Health Australia
    • Fetal presentation
  • NSW Health
    • Supporting Women Planning a Vaginal Breech Birth [2017]
    • External Cephalic Version [2017]
• Brazil
  • Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
    • Elective cesarean section for term breech delivery [2015]
• Canada
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Management of Breech Presentation at Term [2019]
• Denmark
  • Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Breech delivery and external cephalic version [2020]
• Europe
  • European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
    • Breech Presentation at Term - Mini Symposium [2020]
• Finland
  • Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • A comparison of risk factors for breech presentation in preterm and term labor: a nationwide, population-based case–control study [2020]
• Germany
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Current Approach for External Cephalic Version in Germany [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • New MRI Criteria for Successful Vaginal Breech Delivery in Primiparae [2016]
• International
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Revisiting the management of term breech presentation: a proposal for overcoming some of the controversies [2020]
  • Medical Journal of Malaysia
    • Reconsideration of planned vaginal breech delivery in selected cases [2021]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • The Management of a Breech Presentation [2017]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    • Malpresentation in low- and middle-income countries: associations with perinatal and maternal outcomes in the Global Network [2019]
• New Zealand
  • New Zealand College of Midwives
    • Singleton breech presentation at term: Review of the evidence and international guidelines for application to the New Zealand context [2018]
• Norway
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Intrapartum monitoring with cardiotocography and ST-waveform analysis in breech presentation: an observational study [2015]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Adherence to guidelines and suboptimal practice in term breech delivery with perinatal death- a population-based case-control study in Norway [2019]
    • Vaginal breech delivery: results of a prospective registration study [2013]
• Saudi Arabia
  • Saudi Medical Journal
    • Is the art of assisted breech delivery still fading in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia? [2018]
• United Kingdom
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Management of Breech Presentation [2017]
    • External Cephalic Version and Reducing the Incidence of Term Breech Presentation [2017]
• United States of America
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Mode of Term Singleton Breech Delivery [2018]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery
    • Dystocia

Cerebral palsy

• Canada
  • Implementation Science
    • MAGnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection to prevent Cerebral Palsy (MAG-CP)—implementation of a national guideline in Canada [2018]
• Developed countries
  • Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
    • A systematic review of risk factors for cerebral palsy in children born at term in developed countries [2012]
• International
  • Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
    • International expert recommendations of clinical features to prompt referral for diagnostic assessment of cerebral palsy [2020]
• Japan
  • PLoS ONE
    • Relevant Obstetric Factors for Cerebral Palsy: From the Nationwide Obstetric Compensation System in Japan [2016]
• Norway
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Prelabor rupture of membranes and the association with cerebral palsy in term born children: a national registry-based cohort study [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Cerebral palsy in children and young people [2017]
    • Selective dorsal rhizotomy for spasticity in cerebral palsy [2010]
• United States of America
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Providing a Primary Care Medical Home for Children and Youth With Cerebral Palsy [2014]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Neonatal Encephalopathy and Neurologic Outcome [2014]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Cerebral Palsy
  • Pediatrics
    • Network Implementation of Guideline for Early Detection Decreases Age at Cerebral Palsy Diagnosis [2020]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Newborn nervous system diseases
    • Labor, delivery

Cesarean section

• Australia
  • Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care
    • Early planned caesarean section without medical or obstetric indication – special report [2018]
  • Better Safer Care
    • Vaginal seeding and lotus births - consensus statement
    • Birth after caesarean
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Rate of spontaneous onset of labour before planned repeat caesarean section at term [2014]
  • NSW Health
    • Timing of Planned or Pre-labour Caesarean Section at Term [2016]
    • Supporting Women in their Next Birth After Caesarean Section (NBAC) [2014]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC)
• Austria
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Labour and Childbirth After Previous Caesarean Section: Recommendations of the Austrian Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OEGGG) [2016]
• Bangladesh
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Reasons for performing a caesarean section in public hospitals in rural Bangladesh [2014]
• Brazil
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Using the Robson classification to assess caesarean section rates in Brazil: an observational study of more than 24 million births from 2011 to 2017 [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Caesarean Delivery and Postpartum Maternal Mortality: A Population-Based Case Control Study in Brazil [2016]
  • Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
    • Cesarean delivery and small newborn for gestational age [2016]
    • Cesarean on request [2015]
    • Birth route in case of cesarean section in a previous pregnancy [2015]
  • Revista de Saúde Pública
    • Models of childbirth care and cesarean rates in different countries [2011]
  • Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
    • Cesarean sections in Brazil: will they ever stop increasing? [2015]
• Burkina Faso
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • After surgery: the effects of life-saving caesarean sections in Burkina Faso [2015]
    • Readiness of district and regional hospitals in Burkina Faso to provide caesarean section and blood transfusion services: a cross-sectional study [2014]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Post-operative Procedures for Caesarean Sections: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines [2019]
  • Health Quality Ontario
    • Vaginal Birth After Caesarean (VBAC) [2018]
    • Caesarean Delivery Rate Review: An Evidence-Based Analysis [2015]
  • New England Journal of Medicine
    • A Cluster-Randomized Trial to Reduce Cesarean Delivery Rates in Quebec [2015]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Impacted Fetal Head, Second-Stage Cesarean Delivery [2021]
    • Trial of Labour After Caesarean [2019]
    • Guidelines for Vaginal Birth After Previous Caesarean Birth [2018]
    • Caesarean Delivery on Maternal Request [2018]
    • Classification of Caesarean Sections in Canada: The Modified Robson Criteria [2017]
• Canada, Spain
  • Implementation Science
    • Evaluation of quality improvement for cesarean section programmes through mixed methods [2014]
• China
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Obstetricians’ perspectives on trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) under the two-child policy in China: a cross-sectional study [2021]
    • A descriptive analysis of the indications for caesarean section in mainland China [2014]
  • BMJ
    • Relaxation of the one child policy and trends in caesarean section rates and birth outcomes in China between 2012 and 2016: observational study of nearly seven million health facility births [2018]
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • Cesarean section in the People’s Republic of China: current perspectives [2014]
• Denmark
  • Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Vaginal seeding [2018]
• Developed countries
  • Frontiers in Pediatrics
    • Elective Cesarean Section on Term Pregnancies Has a High Risk for Neonatal Respiratory Morbidity in Developed Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2020]
• Egypt
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Medical and non-medical reasons for cesarean section delivery in Egypt: a hospital-based retrospective study [2019]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Prevalence of surgical site infection and its associated factors after cesarean section in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Impact of cesarean section on timely initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
• France
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Why women with previous caesarean and eligible for a trial of labour have an elective repeat caesarean delivery? A national study in France [2016]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Appropriateness of elective caesarean deliveries in a perinatal network: a cross-sectional study [2014]
• Germany
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Regional variation in caesarean deliveries in Germany and its causes [2013]
  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
    • Indications for and Risks of Elective Cesarean Section [2015]
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Misoprostol for Labour Induction after Previous Caesarean Section – Forever a “No Go”? [2015]
  • GMS German Medical Science
    • Impact of caesarean section on mode of delivery, pregnancy-induced and pregnancy-associated disorders, and complications in the subsequent pregnancy in Germany [2016]
• Germany, Switzerland, Austria
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Caesarean Section. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S3-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015/084, June 2020) [2021]
• India
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • The Dual Burden of Malnutrition Increases the Risk of Cesarean Delivery: Evidence From India [2018]
• International
  • Anaesthesia
    • International consensus statement on the use of uterotonic agents during caesarean section [2019]
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Audit and feedback using the Robson classification to reduce caesarean section rates: a systematic review [2017]
    • A global reference for caesarean section rates (C-Model): a multicountry cross-sectional study [2015]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • International migration and caesarean birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2013]
  • Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
    • Interventions in Reducing Caesarean Section in the World: A Systematic Review [2019]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Non-clinical interventions to reduce unnecessary caesarean section targeted at organisations, facilities and systems: Systematic review of qualitative studies [2018]
    • The Increasing Trend in Caesarean Section Rates: Global, Regional and National Estimates: 1990-2014 [2016]
    • Optimal Timing of Delivery among Low-Risk Women with Prior Caesarean Section: A Secondary Analysis of the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health [2016]
    • Obstetricians’ Opinions of the Optimal Caesarean Rate: A Global Survey [2016]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Reducing unnecessary caesarean sections: scoping review of financial and regulatory interventions [2020]
    • Women’s and communities’ views of targeted educational interventions to reduce unnecessary caesarean section: a qualitative evidence synthesis [2018]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Pregnancy outcomes of women with previous caesarean sections: Secondary analysis of World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health [2019]
• Iran
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Developing criteria for Cesarean Section using the RAND appropriateness method [2010]
  • Iranian Journal of Public Health
    • Assessing the Factors Affecting Cesarean Section Selection in Iranian Women Using Multilevel Count Models with Excess Zeros [2021]
    • Prevalence and Causes of Cesarean Section in Iran: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2014]
  • Journal of Family & Reproductive Health
    • In Depth Analysis of the Leading Causes of Maternal Mortality Due to Cesarean Section in Iran [2017]
  • Journal of Research in Health Sciences
    • Effect of Iranian Ministry of Health Protocols on Cesarean Section Rate: A Quasi-Experimental Study [2013]
• Iraq
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Rates and trends in cesarean sections between 2008 and 2012 in Iraq [2017]
• Ireland
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Differences in nulliparous caesarean section rates across models of care: a decomposition analysis [2016]
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Delivery after previous Caesarean section [2011]
  • PLoS ONE
    • National Variation in Caesarean Section Rates: A Cross Sectional Study in Ireland [2016]
• Italy
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • “An unnecessary cut?” multilevel health systems analysis of drivers of caesarean sections rates in Italy: a systematic review [2020]
    • Vaginal birth after caesarean birth in Italy: variations among areas of residence and hospitals [2018]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Caesarean Section on Maternal Request: An Italian Comparative Study on Patients’ Characteristics, Pregnancy Outcomes and Guidelines Overview [2020]
• Japan
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Caesarean section by maternal age group among singleton deliveries and primiparous Japanese women: a secondary analysis of the WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health [2016]
• Jordan
  • Demographic and Health Surveys
    • Disparities in Cesarean Section among Women in Jordan: Analysis of the 2017-18 Jordan Population and Family Health Survey (JPFHS) [2020]
  • Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
    • Trends in Caesarean section deliveries in Jordan from 1982 to 2017: retrospective analyses of annual hospital reports [2021]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Rising cesarean deliveries among apparently low-risk mothers at university teaching hospitals in Jordan: analysis of population survey data, 2002–2012 [2014]
• Latin America
  • World Health Organization
    • Rising caesarean deliveries in Latin America: how best to monitor rates and risks [2009]
• Lithuania
  • Medicina
    • Cesarean section rates in Lithuania using Robson Ten Group Classification System [2015]
• Low and middle income countries
  • BMJ
    • Within country inequalities in caesarean section rates: observational study of 72 low and middle income countries [2018]
  • International Journal of Epidemiology
    • Caesarean delivery and neonatal mortality rates in 46 low- and middle-income countries: a propensity-score matching and meta-analysis of Demographic and Health Survey data [2013]
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Variability in mortality following caesarean delivery, appendectomy, and groin hernia repair in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and analysis of published data [2016]
• Malaysia
  • Medical Journal of Malaysia
    • Rising Caesarean Section Rates in Public Hospitals in Malaysia 2006 [2008]
• Mali
  • PLoS ONE
    • The Free Caesareans Policy in Low-Income Settings: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis in Mali (2003–2012) [2014]
• Mexico
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Trends of caesarean delivery from 2008 to 2017, Mexico [2019]
• Mozambique
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Caesarean section rates in Mozambique [2015]
• Nepal
  • BioMed Research International
    • Trend and Sociodemographic Correlates of Cesarean Section Utilization in Nepal: Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys 2006-2016 [2021]
• Netherlands
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Identification of barriers and facilitators for optimal cesarean section care: perspective of professionals [2017]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Modest Rise in Caesarean Section from 2000-2010: The Dutch Experience [2016]
    • Development and Measurement of Guidelines-Based Quality Indicators of Caesarean Section Care in the Netherlands: A RAND-Modified Delphi Procedure and Retrospective Medical Chart Review [2016]
• Nigeria
  • BMJ Open
    • Cesarean delivery in Nigeria: prevalence and associated factors - a population-based cross-sectional study [2019]
• Norway
  • BMJ Open
    • Does caesarean delivery in the first pregnancy increase the risk for adverse outcome in the second? A registry-based cohort study on first and second singleton births in Norway [2020]
• Palestine
  • BMJ Open
    • Caesarean section in Palestine using the Robson Ten Group Classification System: a population-based birth cohort study [2018]
• Peru
  • PLoS ONE
    • Caesarean Section in Peru: Analysis of Trends Using the Robson Classification System [2016]
• Poland
  • Ginekologia Polska
    • Recommendations of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians regarding caesarean sections [2018]
• Portugal
  • BMC Research Notes
    • Risk of caesarean section after induced labour: do hospitals make a difference? [2013]
• Republic of Korea
  • Journal of Korean Medical Science
    • Changes in the Cesarean Section Rate in Korea (1982-2012) and a Review of the Associated Factors [2014]
• Spain
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • What do popular Spanish women's magazines say about caesarean section? A 21-year survey [2014]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMJ Open
    • Impact of caesarean section on breastfeeding indicators: within-country and meta-analyses of nationally representative data from 33 countries in sub-Saharan Africa [2019]
  • Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology
    • Cesarean section in sub-Saharan Africa [2016]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Effect of maternal height on caesarean section and neonatal mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa: An analysis of 34 national datasets [2018]
• Taiwan
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Vaginal Birth after Cesarean Section in Taiwan: A Population-Based Study [2019]
  • Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
    • The determinants of obstetricians’ willingness to undertake delivery by vaginal birth after cesarean section in Taiwan [2019]
• Uganda
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Spatial and temporal trends of cesarean deliveries in Uganda: 2012–2016 [2019]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Enhanced recovery after elective caesarean: a rapid review of clinical protocols, and an umbrella review of systematic reviews [2017]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • A randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of intraoperative cell salvage during caesarean section in women at risk of haemorrhage: the SALVO (cell SALVage in Obstetrics) trial [2018]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Caesarean birth (Quality standard) [2021]
    • Caesarean birth [2021]
    • Insertion of a balloon device to disimpact an engaged fetal head before an emergency caesarean section [2015]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Safety messaging regarding the use of plastic cord clamps at caesarean section [2020]
    • Birth after Previous Caesarean Birth [2015]
    • Caesarean Section for Placenta Praevia (Consent Advice) [2011]
    • Classification of urgency of caesarean section – a continuum of risk [2010]
    • Caesarean Section (Consent Advice) [2009]
• United States of America
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Future Research Needs for Strategies To Reduce Cesarean Birth in Low-Risk Women [2012]
    • Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: New Insights [2010]
  • American Academy of Family Physicians
    • Planning for Labor and Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Delivery: Guidelines from the AAFP [2015]
    • Vaginal Birth After Cesarean [2014]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request [2019]
    • Vaginal Seeding [2017]
    • Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery [2014]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Maternal Morbidity for Vaginal and Cesarean Deliveries, According to Previous Cesarean History: New Data From the Birth Certificate, 2013 [2015]
    • Trends in low-risk cesarean delivery in the United States, 1990-2013 [2014]
  • Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
    • Limitations of Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Success Prediction [2018]
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Preventing the First Cesarean Delivery: Summary of a Joint Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Workshop [2012]
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
    • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Special Statement: Surgical safety checklists for cesarean delivery [2021]
    • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #51: Thromboembolism prophylaxis for cesarean delivery [2020]
    • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Consult Series #49: Cesarean scar pregnancy [2020]
    • SMFM Special Statement: Checklist for thromboembolism prophylaxis after cesarean delivery [2020]
    • Coding update of the SMFM definition of low risk for cesarean delivery from ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM [2017]
    • Comparing variation in hospital rates of cesarean delivery among low-risk women using 3 different measures [2016]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendation on prophylactic antibiotics for women undergoing caesarean section [2021]
    • WHO recommendations: non-clinical interventions to reduce unnecessary caesarean sections [2018]
    • Robson Classification: Implementation Manual [2017]
    • WHO statement on caesarean section rates [2015]
    • Maternal and institutional characteristics associated with the administration of prophylactic antibiotics for caesarean section: a secondary analysis of the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health [2014]
    • Caesarean section without medical indication increases risk of short-term adverse outcomes for mothers: policy brief [2010]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Obstetrical analgesia and anesthesia
    • Labor, delivery

Dystocia

• Denmark
  • Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Summary of the clinical recommendations regarding the use of intrapartum ultrasound [2020]
    • Primiparous women with dystocia (lack of progress) [2015]
• International
  • Vaccine
    • Dysfunctional labor: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data [2017]
• United States of America
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Labor Dystocia [2020]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Shoulder dystocia
    • Labor, delivery
    • Breech presentation

Episiotomy, perineal trauma

• Australia
  • Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care
    • Third and fourth degree perineal laceration during delivery [2018]
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Perineal tears - A review [2018]
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • The effect of implementing a new guideline and operative pro forma on the detection and management of third- and fourth-degree perineal tears [2016]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Perineal care
• Europe
  • Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    • Variations in rates of severe perineal tears and episiotomies in 20 European countries: a study based on routine national data in Euro-Peristat Project [2016]
• France
  • Archive ouverte HAL
    • Perineal prevention and protection in obstetrics: CNGOF Clinical Practice Guidelines [2019]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Episiotomy practices in France: epidemiology and risk factors in non-operative vaginal deliveries [2020]
• International
  • International Urogynecology Journal
    • Review of available national guidelines for obstetric anal sphincter injury [2020]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Guideline on the Management of Perineal Repair HSE Home Birth Service [2018]
• Jamaica
  • International Scholarly Research Notices
    • Severe Perineal Lacerations in Obstetric Practice: The Effect of Institutional Practice Guidelines on Repair Failures in a Single Centre [2014]
  • Permanente Journal
    • An Audit of Clinician Compliance with Best Practice Recommendations to Repair Severe Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries [2014]
• Netherlands
  • International Urogynecology Journal
    • Choice of mode of delivery in a subsequent pregnancy after OASI: a survey among Dutch gynecologists [2017]
• Palestine
  • BMJ Open
    • Episiotomy practice in six Palestinian hospitals: a population-based cohort study among singleton vaginal births [2018]
• Romania
  • Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
    • A multicenter cross-sectional study of episiotomy practice in Romania [2019]
• Saudi Arabia
  • Materia Socio-Medica
    • Rates and Indicators for Episiotomy in Modern Obstetrics – a study from Saudi Arabia [2015]
• Sweden
  • Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care
    • Treatment of maternal birth injuries following vaginal birth [2016]
• United Kingdom
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Episcissors-60 for mediolateral episiotomy [2020]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Third- and Fourth-degree Perineal Tears, Management [2015]
    • Repair of Third- and Fourth-Degree Perineal Tears Following Childbirth (Consent Advice) [2010]
• United States of America
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Practice Bulletin No. 165: Prevention and Management of Obstetric Lacerations at Vaginal Delivery [2016]
  • Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
    • Techniques for Repair of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries [2018]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery

Fetal distress

• International
  • Vaccine
    • Non-reassuring fetal status: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data [2016]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Cord Prolapse [2015]
• Tanzania
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Criteria-based audit to improve quality of care of foetal distress: standardising obstetric care at a national referral hospital in a low resource setting, Tanzania [2016]
• United Kingdom
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Therapeutic amnioinfusion for oligohydramnios during pregnancy (excluding labour) [2006]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Umbilical Cord Prolapse [2014]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery
    • Fetal monitoring

Fetal monitoring

• Australia
  • Clinical Excellence Commission
    • Fetal monitoring: Are we getting it right? [2013]
  • NSW Health
    • Fetal heart rate monitoring [2018]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Intrapartum fetal surveillance
• Canada
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Fetal Health Surveillance: Intrapartum Consensus Guideline [2020]
    • Maintaining Standards in Antenatal and Intrapartum Fetal Surveillance: Quality Improvement and Risk Management [2018]
• Denmark
  • PLoS ONE
    • Can Intrapartum Cardiotocography Predict Uterine Rupture among Women with Prior Caesarean Delivery?: A Population Based Case-Control Study [2016]
• Germany
  • PeerJ
    • What is the “normal” fetal heart rate? [2013]
• International
  • Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    • Agreement and accuracy using the FIGO, ACOG and NICE cardiotocography interpretation guidelines [2017]
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Physiology of fetal oxygenation and the main goals of intrapartum fetal monitoring [2015]
    • FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Introduction [2015]
    • FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Intermittent auscultation [2015]
    • FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Cardiotocography [2015]
    • FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Adjunctive technologies [2015]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Intermittent auscultation fetal monitoring during labour: A systematic scoping review to identify methods, effects, and accuracy [2019]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Intrapartum Fetal Hearth Rate Monitoring [2019]
• Low-resource settings
  • International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
    • Delphi consensus statement on intrapartum fetal monitoring in low-resource settings [2018]
• New Zealand
  • New Zealand College of Midwives
    • Intermittent Auscultation for the Assessment of Intrapartum Fetal Wellbeing [2020]
• Norway
  • Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    • National survey of routines for intrapartum fetal monitoring in Norway [2019]
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Guideline on fetal monitoring in labour [2014]
• United Kingdom
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Critical Imperative for the Reform of British Interpretation of Fetal Heart Rate Decelerations: Analysis of FIGO and NICE Guidelines, Post-Truth Foundations, Cognitive Fallacies, Myths and Occam’s Razor [2017]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Novii Wireless Patch System for maternal and fetal monitoring [2020]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery
    • Fetal distress

Home birth

• Australia
  • Australian College of Midwives
    • Australian College of Midwives Transfer from Planned Birth at Home Guidelines (2016) [2016]
    • Australian College of Midwives Birth at Home Midwifery Practice Standards [2016]
  • NSW Health
    • Public Homebirth Services in NSW [2020]
• Bhutan
  • WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health
    • Factors associated with delivery at home in Bhutan: findings from the National Health Survey 2012 [2018]
• Canada
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • The Canadian birth place study: examining maternity care provider attitudes and interprofessional conflict around planned home birth [2014]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Statement on Planned Homebirth [2019]
• Ghana
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Prevalence, progress, and social inequalities of home deliveries in Ghana from 2006 to 2018: insights from the multiple indicator cluster surveys [2021]
• International
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • Planned home birth: benefits, risks, and opportunities [2015]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Home Birth policies and procedures
• Pakistan
  • Health Research Policy and Systems
    • Is home delivery really preferred? a mixed-methods national study in Pakistan [2015]
• United Kingdom
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Perinatal and maternal outcomes in planned home and obstetric unit births in women at ‘higher risk’ of complications: secondary analysis of the Birthplace national prospective cohort study [2015]
  • Regulation and Quality Improvement Authority
    • RQIA Guideline for Planning to Birth at Home in Northern Ireland (2019) [2019]
• United States of America
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Providing Care for Infants Born at Home [2020]
    • Planned Home Birth [2013]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Planned Home Birth [2017]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Trends in Out-of-Hospital Births in the United States, 1990–2012 [2014]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Neonatal Mortality of Planned Home Birth in the United States in Relation to Professional Certification of Birth Attendants [2016]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery

Induction of labor, augmentation of labor

• Australia
  • Better Safer Care
    • Induction of labour
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Methods of classification for women undergoing induction of labour: a systematic review and novel classification system [2015]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Induction of labour
• Canada
  • Alberta Health Services
    • Induction/Augmentation of Labour with Oxytocin [2018]
    • Induction of Labour: Cervical Ripening [2018]
• Germany
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Inter-institutional variations in oxytocin augmentation during labour in German university hospitals: a national survey [2019]
• India
  • Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India
    • Induction of Labor: Good Clinical Practice Recommendations [2018]
• International
  • PLoS ONE
    • How much synthetic oxytocin is infused during labour? A review and analysis of regimens used in 12 countries [2020]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Oxytocin to Accelerate or Induce Labour [2016]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • Induction of Labour in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Clinical Practice Guideline 2019 [2021]
• Poland
  • Ginekologia Polska
    • Polish Gynecological Society recommendations for labor induction [2017]
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Guideline on induction of labour [2014]
    • Guideline for use of oxytocin for induction and augmentation of labour [2014]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Reduction in resource use with the misoprostol vaginal insert vs the dinoprostone vaginal insert for labour induction: a model-based analysis from a United Kingdom healthcare perspective [2016]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Socioeconomic risk factors for labour induction in the United Kingdom [2020]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Which method is best for the induction of labour? A systematic review, network meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis [2016]
  • Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
    • Misoprostol vaginal delivery system (Mysodelle): reports of excessive uterine contractions (tachysystole) unresponsive to tocolytic treatment [2018]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Inducing labour [2021]
    • Insertion of a double balloon catheter for induction of labour in pregnant women without previous caesarean section [2015]
    • Induction of labour: misoprostol vaginal delivery system [2014]
    • Induction of labour in late intrauterine fetal death: vaginal misoprostol (after oral mifepristone) [2013]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Induction of Labour at Term in Older Mothers [2013]
• United States of America
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Cervical Ripening in the Outpatient Setting [2021]
    • Elective Induction of Labor: Safety and Harms [2009]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Labor Induction or Augmentation and Autism [2014]
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
    • SMFM Statement on Elective Induction of Labor in Low-Risk Nulliparous Women at Term: the ARRIVE Trial [2018]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendations: Induction of labour at or beyond term [2018]
    • Recommendations for Augmentation of Labour [2015]
    • WHO recommendations for augmentation of labour [2014]
    • WHO recommendations for induction of labour [2011]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery

Labor, delivery

• Australia
  • Better Safer Care
    • Care during labour and birth
  • BMJ Open
    • Maternal and perinatal outcomes by planned place of birth in Australia 2000 – 2012: a linked population data study [2019]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Normal birth
• Belgium
  • BMJ Open
    • Nationwide population-based cohort study of uterine rupture in Belgium: results from the Belgian Obstetric Surveillance System [2016]
• Brazil
  • Reproductive Health
    • Good practices according to WHO’s recommendation for normal labor and birth and women’s assessment of the care received: the “birth in Brazil” national research study, 2011/2012 [2016]
• Canada
  • Perinatal Services BC
    • Core Competencies for Management of Labour [2011]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Labour, Delivery, and Postpartum Care for People with Physical Disabilities [2021]
    • Assisted Vaginal Birth [2019]
    • Management of Spontaneous Labour at Term in Healthy Women [2016]
  • Statistics Canada
    • Births and birth rates
• China
  • Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
    • Analyzing the Study of Using Acupuncture in Delivery in the Past Ten Years in China [2014]
• Egypt
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Childbirth care in Egypt: a repeat cross-sectional analysis using Demographic and Health Surveys between 1995 and 2014 examining use of care, provider mix and immediate postpartum care content [2020]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Implementing a modified World Health Organization safe childbirth checklist in health centers of Ethiopia: a pre and post intervention study [2021]
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • Factors associated with institutional delivery service utilization in Ethiopia [2016]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and Meta-analysis [2018]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Prevalence and determinants of uterine rupture in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
• Europe
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Wide differences in mode of delivery within Europe: risk-stratified analyses of aggregated routine data from the Euro-Peristat study [2016]
• High-income countries
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Variations in use of childbirth interventions in 13 high-income countries: A multinational cross-sectional study [2020]
• India
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Effectiveness of the WHO SCC on improving adherence to essential practices during childbirth, in resource constrained settings [2016]
    • Adherence to evidence based care practices for childbirth before and after a quality improvement intervention in health facilities of Rajasthan, India [2014]
• Indonesia
  • Reproductive Health
    • Outcomes by birth setting and caregiver for low risk women in Indonesia: a systematic literature review [2019]
• International
  • Best Practice & Research: Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Optimal Intrapartum Care [2020]
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Diagnostic accuracy of the partograph alert and action lines to predict adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review [2019]
    • WHO model of intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience: Transforming care of women and babies for improved health and well-being [2018]
    • Respectful care during childbirth in health facilities globally: a qualitative evidence synthesis [2018]
    • Cervical dilatation patterns of ‘low-risk’ women with spontaneous labour and normal perinatal outcomes: a systematic review [2017]
  • European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
    • Duration of spontaneous labour in ‘low-risk’ women with ‘normal’ perinatal outcomes: A systematic review [2018]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Mapping the Prevalence and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Women Who Deliver Alone: Evidence From Demographic and Health Surveys From 80 Countries [2016]
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • FIGO good clinical practice paper: management of the second stage of labor [2021]
    • FIGO Statement: Staffing requirements for delivery care, with special reference to low- and middle-income countries [2019]
    • Management of the second stage of labor [2012]
  • International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
    • Formative research and development of innovative tools for “Better Outcomes in Labour Difficulty” (BOLD) [2017]
  • International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • ISUOG Practice Guidelines: intrapartum ultrasound [2018]
  • PLoS ONE
    • What matters to women during childbirth: A systematic qualitative review [2018]
  • Reproductive Health
    • The development of the WHO Labour Care Guide: an international survey of maternity care providers [2021]
    • Effectiveness of respectful care policies for women using routine intrapartum services: a systematic review [2018]
  • United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF
    • Delivery care
• Ireland
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Regional variation in obstetrical intervention for hospital birth in the Republic of Ireland, 2005--2009 [2012]
• Japan
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • A cross-sectional survey of policies guiding second stage labor in urban Japanese hospitals, clinics and midwifery birth centers [2016]
  • BMJ Open
    • Updating quality indicators for low-risk labour care in Japan using current clinical practice guidelines: a modified Delphi method [2019]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Factors that influence the provision of intrapartum and postnatal care by skilled birth attendants in low- and middle-income countries: a qualitative evidence synthesis [2017]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Scoping review to identify and map the health personnel considered skilled birth attendants in low-and-middle income countries from 2000–2015 [2019]
• New Zealand
  • Starship
    • Delivery - attendance by paediatric staff at birth [2021]
• Nigeria
  • Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research
    • Spousal Participation in Labor and Delivery in Nigeria [2014]
• Nigeria, Uganda
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Cervical dilatation over time is a poor predictor of severe adverse birth outcomes: a diagnostic accuracy study [2018]
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Management of Labour [2014]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Time trends in facility-based and private-sector childbirth care: analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys from 25 sub-Saharan African countries from 2000 to 2016 [2019]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Progression of the first stage of spontaneous labour: A prospective cohort study in two sub-Saharan African countries [2018]
  • PLoS ONE
    • A look back on how far to walk: Systematic review and meta-analysis of physical access to skilled care for childbirth in Sub-Saharan Africa [2017]
• Taiwan
  • Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • A proposed mother-friendly childbirth model for Taiwanese women and obstetricians' attitudes toward it [2015]
• Thai-Myanmar border
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Quality of intrapartum care by skilled birth attendants in a refugee clinic on the Thai-Myanmar border: a survey using WHO Safe Motherhood Needs Assessment [2015]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Waterbirth: a national retrospective cohort study of factors associated with its use among women in England [2021]
    • What influences birth place preferences, choices and decision-making amongst healthy women with straightforward pregnancies in the UK? A qualitative evidence synthesis using a ‘best fit’ framework approach [2017]
    • Women’s birth place preferences in the United Kingdom: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of the quantitative literature [2016]
  • GG&C Paediatric Guidelines
    • Criteria for attendance at delivery by neonatal staff [2020]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Intrapartum care: existing medical conditions and obstetric complications [2020]
    • Intrapartum care for women with existing medical conditions or obstetric complications and their babies [2019]
    • Intrapartum care for healthy women and babies [2017]
    • Intrapartum care [2017]
    • Intrapartum care
  • NHS Digital
    • NHS Maternity Statistics
  • Regulation and Quality Improvement Authority
    • Guideline for the Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of Hyponatraemia in Labour and the Immediate Postpartum Period [2017]
  • Royal College of Anaesthetists
    • Care of the critically ill woman in childbirth; enhanced maternal care 2018 [2018]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Operative Vaginal Delivery (Consent Advice) [2010]
    • Safer Childbirth Minimum Standards for the Organisation and Delivery of Care in Labour [2007]
• United States of America
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Immersion in Water During Labor and Delivery [2014]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Medically Indicated Late-Preterm and Early-Term Deliveries [2021]
    • Avoidance of Nonmedically Indicated Early-Term Deliveries and Associated Neonatal Morbidities [2019]
    • Approaches to Limit Intervention During Labor and Birth [2019]
    • Immersion in Water During Labor and Delivery [2016]
  • American Family Physician
    • Management of Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery [2015]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Births - Method of Delivery
    • Birth Data
  • Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
    • Management of Labor: Are the New Guidelines Justified? [2018]
    • A Model Practice Template for Hydrotherapy in Labor and Birth [2017]
  • Journal of Perinatal Education
    • Birth, Bath, and Beyond: The Science and Safety of Water Immersion During Labor and Birth [2014]
  • North Carolina Medical Journal
    • The perinatal quality collaborative of North Carolina's 39 weeks project: a quality improvement program to decrease elective deliveries before 39 weeks of gestation [2014]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO labour care guide: user’s manual [2020]
    • Companion of choice during labour and childbirth for improved quality of care [2020]
    • Interregional technical consultation: learning from implementation of the WHO safe childbirth checklist: Colombo, Sri-Lanka, 28-30 August 2017 [2019]
    • WHO recommendations: intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience [2018]
    • Definition of skilled health personnel providing care during childbirth: the 2018 joint statement by WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF, ICM, ICN, FIGO and IPA [2018]
    • WHO safe childbirth checklist collaboration evaluation report [2017]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Third stage of labor
    • Shoulder dystocia
    • Premature rupture of membranes
    • Premature labor, preterm delivery
    • Postpartum (puerperium)
    • Obstetrics, perinatology
    • Obstetrical forceps, vacuum extraction
    • Obstetrical analgesia and anesthesia
    • Neonatology
    • Maternal and neonatal infections
    • Labor, delivery
    • Induction of labor, augmentation of labor
    • Home birth
    • Fetal monitoring
    • Fetal distress
    • Episiotomy, perineal trauma
    • Dystocia
    • Cesarean section
    • Cerebral palsy
    • Breech presentation
    • Breastfeeding

Obstetrical analgesia and anesthesia

• Armenia
  • Anesthesiology
    • Establishing Obstetric Anesthesiology Practice Guidelines in the Republic of Armenia: A Global Health Collaboration [2017]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Anaesthetic Agents in Pregnant Women Undergoing Non-Obstetric Surgical or Endoscopic Procedures: A Review of the Safety and Guidelines [2015]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Physiologic Basis of Pain in Labour and Delivery: An Evidence-Based Approach to its Management [2018]
• Denmark
  • Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Medications for pain relief during active phase of labour [2020]
• East Africa
  • Anesthesia & Analgesia
    • Challenges of Anesthesia in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Access to Safe Obstetric Anesthesia in East Africa [2017]
• Europe
  • European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy
    • PROSPECT guideline for elective caesarean section: updated systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations [2021]
• India
  • Anesthesia, Essays and Researches
    • Practice of Labor Analgesia among Anesthesiologists Across India: Cross-sectional Study [2018]
  • Indian Journal of Anaesthesia
    • All India Difficult Airway Association 2016 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult tracheal intubation in obstetrics [2016]
• Israel
  • Israel Medical Association Journal
    • National Survey of Postoperative Pain Control after Cesarean Delivery [2014]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Scientific Reports
    • Outcomes associated with anaesthetic techniques for caesarean section in low- and middle-income countries: a secondary analysis of WHO surveys [2020]
• Norway
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • The provision of epidural analgesia during labor according to maternal birthplace: a Norwegian register study [2020]
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Guideline on pain relief in labour [2014]
• Uganda
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Key bottlenecks to the provision of safe obstetric anaesthesia in low- income countries; a cross-sectional survey of 64 hospitals in Uganda [2017]
• United Kingdom
  • Anaesthesia
    • A national survey of obstetric early warning systems in the United Kingdom: five years on [2014]
  • Association of Anaesthetists
    • Safety guideline: neurological monitoring associated with obstetric neuraxial block 2020 [2020]
    • Regional anaesthesia and patients with abnormalities of coagulation: the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain & Ireland The Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association Regional Anaesthesia UK [2013]
    • Obstetric anaesthetic service [2013]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • A multicentre, randomised controlled trial of position during the late stages of labour in nulliparous women with an epidural: clinical effectiveness and an economic evaluation (BUMPES) [2017]
  • Obstetric Anaesthetists Association
    • General anaesthetic and airway management practice for obstetric surgery in England: a prospective, multicentre observational study [2021]
    • The identification of key indicators to drive quality improvement in obstetric anaesthesia: results of the Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association/National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit collaborative Delphi project [2020]
    • Obstetric anaesthetic practice in the UK: a descriptive analysis of the National Obstetric Anaesthetic Database 2009–14 [2020]
    • Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association/National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit collaborative project to develop key indicators for quality of care in obstetric anaesthesia: first steps in the right direction [2020]
    • Labor Epidural Analgesia to Cesarean Section Anesthetic Conversion Failure: A National Survey [2019]
    • Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association and Difficult Airway Society guidelines for the management of difficult and failed tracheal intubation in obstetrics [2015]
  • Royal College of Anaesthetists
    • Guidelines for the Provision of Anaesthesia Services for an Obstetric Population 2020 [2020]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Antenatal and Postnatal Analgesia [2018]
• United States of America
  • Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #28, Peripartum Analgesia and Anesthesia for the Breastfeeding Mother [2018]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Use of Nitrous Oxide in Labor and Possible Interaction with Systemic Opioids or Sedatives/Hypnotics [2021]
    • Pharmacologic Stepwise Multimodal Approach for Postpartum Pain Management [2021]
  • American Society of Anesthesiologists
    • Guidelines for neuraxial anesthesia in obstetrics [2018]
    • Pregnancy testing prior to anesthesia and surgery [2016]
    • Practice Guidelines for Obstetric Anesthesia: An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Obstetric Anesthesia and the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology [2016]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery
    • Cesarean section

Obstetrical forceps, vacuum extraction

• Australia
  • Clinical Excellence Commission
    • Vacuum Assisted Births – Are We Getting it Right? [2014]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Instrumental vaginal birth
• Canada
  • Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada
    • Evolution of Operative Obstetric Delivery in Canada [2019]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Guidelines for Operative Vaginal Birth [2018]
• Japan
  • Medical & Clinical Reviews
    • A review of prerequisites for vacuum extraction: Appropriate position of the fetal head for vacuum extraction from a forceps delivery perspective [2016]
• Nigeria
  • Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research
    • Is there Still a Place for Vacuum Extraction (Ventouse) in Modern Obstetric Practice in Nigeria [2013]
  • Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Declining Rate of Operative Vaginal Deliveries in Nigeria [2018]
• Republic of Korea
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology Science
    • Vacuum extraction vaginal delivery: current trend and safety [2017]
• United Kingdom
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Assisted Vaginal Birth [2020]
• United States of America
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
    • SMFM Special Statement: Operative vaginal delivery: checklists for performance and documentation [2020]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery

Postpartum (puerperium)

• Australia
  • Better Safer Care
    • Ogilvie’s syndrome
  • O&G Magazine
    • Postpartum psychosis: a practical management guide for obstetricians [2018]
• Ethiopia
  • BMJ Open
    • Spatial patterns and determinants of postnatal care use in Ethiopia: findings from the 2016 demographic and health survey [2019]
  • Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences
    • Utilization and Determinants of Postnatal Care Services in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2019]
• International
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Clinical guidelines for postpartum women and infants in primary care - a systematic review [2014]
  • Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
    • Summary of International Guidelines for Physical Activity Following Pregnancy [2014]
  • PLoS ONE
    • What matters to women in the postnatal period: A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies [2020]
• Low and middle income countries
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Length of Stay After Childbirth in 92 Countries and Associated Factors in 30 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Compilation of Reported Data and a Cross-sectional Analysis from Nationally Representative Surveys [2016]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • Observation of Mother and Baby in the Immediate Postnatal Period: Consensus statements guiding practice [2012]
• Norway
  • BMC Public Health
    • Adherence of pregnant women to Nordic dietary guidelines in relation to postpartum weight retention: results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study [2014]
• Rwanda
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Factors associated with postnatal care utilisation in Rwanda: A secondary analysis of 2010 Demographic and Health Survey data [2016]
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Post-natal care during hospital [2021]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Opportunities to improve postpartum care for mothers and infants: design of context-specific packages of postpartum interventions in rural districts in four sub-Saharan African countries [2015]
  • Italian Journal of Pediatrics
    • Determinants of postnatal care utilization in sub-Saharan Africa: a meta and multilevel analysis of data from 36 sub-Saharan countries [2020]
• Sweden
  • Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care
    • Treatment for postpartum psychiatric disorders [2021]
• United Kingdom
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Postnatal care (Quality standard) [2021]
    • Postnatal care [2021]
    • Postnatal care
  • Royal College of Psychiatrists
    • Postpartum Psychosis for Carers [2018]
• United States of America
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Interpregnancy Care [2019]
    • Optimizing Postpartum Care [2018]
  • Maternal and Child Health Journal
    • Delivery and Payment Redesign to Reduce Disparities in High Risk Postpartum Care [2017]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO technical consultation on postpartum and postnatal care [2010]
    • Vitamin A supplementation in postpartum women
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Postpartum infections
    • Postpartum hemorrhage
    • Postpartum depression, perinatal depression
    • Postpartum and postabortion contraception
    • Labor, delivery
    • Breastfeeding

Postpartum depression, perinatal depression

• Africa
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Epidemiology of antenatal depression in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Epidemiology of postnatal depression and its associated factors in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
• Australia
  • Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità
    • An Australian perspective on treating perinatal depression and anxiety: a brief review of efficacy and evidence-based practice in screening, psychosocial assessment and management [2021]
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Postnatal depression in Australian general practice [2006]
  • BMC Psychiatry
    • Enhancing reciprocal partner support to prevent perinatal depression and anxiety: a Delphi consensus study [2016]
  • Department of Health Australia
    • Screening for depressive and anxiety disorders
• Canada
  • Alberta Health Services
    • Postpartum Depression Screening [2019]
  • BMJ Open
    • Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of major congenital malformations in a cohort of depressed pregnant women: an updated analysis of the Quebec Pregnancy Cohort [2017]
  • Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
    • Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder [2016]
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy: Infant and childhood outcomes [2021]
  • Perinatal Services BC
    • Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy: Considerations for the Newborn Exposed to SSRIs/SNRIs [2013]
  • Public Health Ontario
    • Screening for Perinatal Depression [2018]
  • Registered Nurses Association of Ontario
    • Assessment and Interventions for Perinatal Depression [2019]
• Denmark
  • Brain and Behavior
    • Trend of antidepressants before, during, and after pregnancy across two decades—A population-based study [2019]
• Ethiopia
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence and associated factors of post-partum depression in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
    • Prevalence and determinants of antenatal depression in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]
  • Reproductive Health
    • The epidemiology of postnatal depression in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
• Europe
  • EUROmediCAT
    • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Antidepressants in Pregnancy and Congenital Anomalies: Analysis of Linked Databases in Wales, Norway and Funen, Denmark [2016]
• International
  • Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
    • Guidelines on treatment of perinatal depression with antidepressants: An international review [2018]
  • BMC Medicine
    • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use during early pregnancy and congenital malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of more than 9 million births [2018]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Global burden of antenatal depression and its association with adverse birth outcomes: an umbrella review [2020]
• Japan
  • Annals of General Psychiatry
    • Prevalence of perinatal depression among Japanese women: a meta-analysis [2020]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Best Practice & Research: Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • The content and delivery of psychological interventions for perinatal depression by non-specialist health workers in low and middle income countries: A systematic review [2014]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Postnatal depression and its association with adverse infant health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
• Mexico
  • Salud Pública de México
    • Provider report of the existence of detection and care of perinatal depression: quantitative evidence from public obstetric units in Mexico [2016]
• Nordic countries
  • PLoS ONE
    • Use of SSRI and SNRI Antidepressants during Pregnancy: A Population-Based Study from Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden [2015]
• Norway
  • Nursing Research and Practice
    • Postnatal Depression Is a Public Health Nursing Issue: Perspectives from Norway and Ireland [2013]
• Pakistan
  • Global Women's Health
    • Postpartum Depression in Pakistan: Current State and Future Direction [2018]
• Poland
  • Ginekologia Polska
    • Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of postpartum depression [2021]
  • Psychiatria Polska
    • Recommendations of the Polish Psychiatric Association for treatment of affective disorders in women of childbearing age. Part I: Treatment of depression [2019]
• Singapore
  • Singapore Medical Journal
    • Postnatal depression: a family medicine perspective [2013]
• Sweden
  • Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care
    • Development of a Core Outcome Set (COS) for treatment of depression during or after pregnancy (antenatal and postpartum depression) [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • BMJ
    • Screening for postnatal depression in primary care: cost effectiveness analysis [2010]
  • BMJ Paediatrics Open
    • Variation in the management of SSRI-exposed babies across England [2018]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • A systematic review, evidence synthesis and meta-analysis of quantitative and qualitative studies evaluating the clinical effectiveness, the cost-effectiveness, safety and acceptability of interventions to prevent postnatal depression [2016]
  • Royal College of Psychiatrists
    • Postnatal depression information for carers [2018]
• United States of America
  • Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #18: Use of Antidepressants in Breastfeeding Mothers [2015]
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [2019]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Incorporating Recognition and Management of Perinatal Depression Into Pediatric Practice [2019]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Screening for Perinatal Depression [2018]
  • American Psychiatric Association
    • The management of depression during pregnancy: a report from the American Psychiatric Association and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [2009]
  • Archives of Women's Mental Health
    • Perinatal Depression: A Review of U.S. Legislation and Law [2013]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Vital Signs: Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Provider Discussions About Perinatal Depression — United States, 2018 [2020]
    • Trends in Postpartum Depressive Symptoms — 27 States, 2004, 2008, and 2012 [2017]
  • JAMA - The Journal of the American Medical Association
    • Primary Care Screening for and Treatment of Depression in Pregnant and Postpartum Women: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force [2016]
  • Journal of Affective Disorders
    • Summary diagnostic validity of commonly used maternal major depression disorder case finding instruments in the United States: A meta-analysis [2016]
    • Diagnostic performance of major depression disorder case-finding instruments used among mothers of young children in the United States: A systematic review [2016]
  • Journal of Perinatology
    • Disparities in antidepressant use in pregnancy [2014]
  • Medicaid
    • Maternal Depression Screening and Treatment: A Critical Role for Medicaid in the Care of Mothers and Children [2016]
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
    • Perinatal Depression: Preventive Interventions [2019]
    • Depression in Adults: Screening [2016]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Postpartum (puerperium)
    • Neurologic and mental disorders in pregnancy

Postpartum hemorrhage

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Misoprostol for post-partum haemorrhage in the Australian bush [2014]
  • Better Safer Care
    • Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) – prevention, assessment and management
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Trends and outcomes of postpartum haemorrhage, 2003-2011 [2015]
  • NSW Health
    • Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) [2021]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Primary postpartum haemorrhage
• Bangladesh
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Modeling maternal mortality in Bangladesh: the role of misoprostol in postpartum hemorrhage prevention [2014]
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Acta Informatica Medica
    • Application of Agree II Instrument for Appraisal of Postpartum Hemorrhage Clinical Practice Guidelines in Bosnia and Herzegovina [2016]
• Brazil
  • Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
    • Surgical management of postpartum hemorrhage [2020]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Carbetocin for the Prevention of Post-Partum Hemorrhage: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines [2019]
    • Viscoelastometric Point-of-Care Testing for Vascular Surgery and Obstetrics: A Review of Clinical Utility and Guidelines [2016]
    • Hydroxyethyl Starch Use for Patients with Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, and Guidelines [2014]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Active Management of the Third Stage of Labour: Prevention and Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage [2018]
• Canada, France
  • PLoS ONE
    • Postpartum Haemorrhage in Canada and France: A Population-Based Comparison [2013]
• Developing countries
  • Reproductive Health
    • Barriers or gaps in implementation of misoprostol use for post-abortion care and post-partum hemorrhage prevention in developing countries: a systematic review [2017]
• Europe
  • Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe
    • CIRSE standards of practice on gynaecological and obstetric haemorrhage [2020]
• France
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Invasive therapies for primary postpartum haemorrhage: a population-based study in France [2016]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Incidence of immediate postpartum hemorrhages in French maternity units: a prospective observational study (HERA study) [2016]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Variations in Postpartum Hemorrhage Management among Midwives: A National Vignette-Based Study [2016]
    • Staff and Institutional Factors Associated with Substandard Care in the Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage [2016]
• Ghana
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Experiencing challenges when implementing Active Management of Third Stage of Labor (AMTSL): a qualitative study with midwives in Accra, Ghana [2014]
• International
  • Anesthesia & Analgesia
    • National and International Guidelines for Patient Blood Management in Obstetrics: A Qualitative Review [2017]
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Comparison of postpartum haemorrhage guidelines: discrepancies underline our lack of knowledge [2017]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Misoprostol for postpartum hemorrhage prevention at home birth: an integrative review of global implementation experience to date [2013]
    • Trends in postpartum hemorrhage in high resource countries: a review and recommendations from the International Postpartum Hemorrhage Collaborative Group [2009]
  • Ginekologia Polska
    • Epidemiology, prevention and management of early postpartum hemorrhage — a systematic review [2020]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Are national policies and programs for prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage and preeclampsia adequate? A key informant survey in 37 countries [2014]
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • Clinical guidelines—the challenges and opportunities: What we have learned from the case of misoprostol for postpartum hemorrhage [2019]
    • FIGO's updated recommendations for misoprostol used alone in gynecology and obstetrics [2017]
    • ICM and FIGO joint statement on the use of misoprostol for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2014]
    • Postpartum Haemorrhage Initiative
  • Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
    • Management of coagulopathy associated with postpartum hemorrhage: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH [2016]
  • Network for the Advancement of Patient Blood Management, Haemostasis and Thrombosis
    • Patient blood management in obstetrics: prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage. A NATA consensus statement [2019]
  • New England Journal of Medicine
    • Heat-Stable Carbetocin versus Oxytocin to Prevent Hemorrhage after Vaginal Birth [2018]
  • Oxford Maternal and Perinatal Health Institute
    • The evidence-based management of Postpartum Haemorrhage [2013]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Would you like to participate in this trial? The practice of informed consent in intrapartum research in the last 30 years [2020]
    • What matters to women and healthcare providers in relation to interventions for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage: A qualitative systematic review [2019]
  • Vaccine
    • Postpartum haemorrhage: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data [2016]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Guideline on the Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage, HSE Home Birth Service [2018]
    • Prevention and Management of Primary Postpartum Haemorrhage [2012]
• Italy
  • La Clinica Terapeutica
    • The daily-practiced post-partum hemorrhage management: an Italian multidisciplinary attended protocol [2017]
• Kazakhstan
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • The impact of the implementation of the postpartum haemorrhage management guidelines at the first regional perinatal centre in Southern Kazakhstan [2016]
• Kosovo
  • BMC Public Health
    • Navigating barriers: two-year follow up on recommendations to improve the use of maternal health guidelines in Kosovo [2016]
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • PLoS ONE
    • Oxytocin in Uniject Disposable Auto-Disable Injection System versus Standard Use for the Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis [2015]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Reproductive Health
    • Cost of hospital care of women with postpartum haemorrhage in India, Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda: a financial case for improved prevention [2021]
• Low-income countries
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Barriers and facilitators to the quality use of essential medicines for maternal health in low–resource countries: An Ishikawa framework [2015]
• Low-resource settings
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Prevention of postpartum haemorrhage: cost consequences analysis of misoprostol in low-resource settings [2015]
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • Prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in low-resource settings: current perspectives [2013]
• Mesoamerica
  • BMJ Open
    • Access and use of oxytocin for postpartum haemorrhage prevention: a pre-post study targeting the poorest in six Mesoamerican countries [2020]
• Netherlands
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Development of a tailored strategy to improve postpartum hemorrhage guideline adherence [2018]
    • Incidence, management and outcome of women requiring massive transfusion after childbirth in the Netherlands: secondary analysis of a nationwide cohort study between 2004 and 2006 [2017]
    • Influencing factors for high quality care on postpartum haemorrhage in the Netherlands: patient and professional perspectives [2015]
    • Postpartum haemorrhage in midwifery care in the Netherlands: validation of quality indicators for midwifery guidelines [2014]
    • The development of quality indicators for the prevention and management of postpartum haemorrhage in primary midwifery care in the Netherlands [2013]
  • British Journal of Anaesthesia
    • Peri-partum reference ranges for ROTEM® thromboelastometry [2014]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • National Consensus Guideline for Treatment of Postpartum Haemorrhage [2013]
• Niger, Mali
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Improving postpartum care for mothers and newborns in Niger and Mali: a case study of an integrated maternal and newborn improvement programme [2014]
• Nigeria
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Maternal near-miss and death among women with postpartum haemorrhage: a secondary analysis of the Nigeria Near-miss and Maternal Death Survey [2019]
• Philippines
  • Department of Health Philippines
    • Carbetocin for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage: Technology Review [2018]
• Senegal, Mali
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Factors associated with postpartum hemorrhage maternal death in referral hospitals in Senegal and Mali: a cross-sectional epidemiological survey [2015]
• Sierra Leone
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Use of prophylactic uterotonics during the third stage of labor: a survey of provider practices in community health facilities in Sierra Leone [2016]
• Singapore
  • Singapore Medical Journal
    • Implementation of an obstetric cell salvage service in a tertiary women’s hospital [2015]
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Guideline on Management of Primary Post-Partum Haemorrhage [2020]
• Suriname
  • PLoS ONE
    • Postpartum hemorrhage in Suriname: A national descriptive study of hospital births and an audit of case management [2020]
• Switzerland
  • Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • Red blood cell transfusion in obstetrics and its implication for patient blood management: a retrospective analysis in Switzerland from 1998 to 2016 [2021]
• Tanzania
  • Reproductive Health
    • Improvement in the active management of the third stage of labor for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study [2018]
• Uganda
  • PLoS ONE
    • Measuring Post-Partum Haemorrhage in Low-Resource Settings: The Diagnostic Validity of Weighed Blood Loss versus Quantitative Changes in Hemoglobin [2016]
    • Potential Cost-Effectiveness of Prenatal Distribution of Misoprostol for Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Uganda [2015]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Incidence and risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage in Uganda [2016]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Incidence of postpartum haemorrhage defined by quantitative blood loss measurement: a national cohort [2020]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Uterotonic drugs to prevent postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis [2019]
  • Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
    • Management of obstetric postpartum hemorrhage: a national service evaluation of current practice in the UK [2017]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Postpartum Haemorrhage, Prevention and Management [2016]
    • The Role of Emergency and Elective Interventional Radiology in Postpartum Haemorrhage [2007]
• United States of America
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage: Current State of the Evidence [2016]
    • Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage [2015]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Quantitative Blood Loss in Obstetric Hemorrhage [2019]
  • American Family Physician
    • Postpartum Hemorrhage: Prevention and Treatment [2017]
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • National Partnership for Maternal Safety: Consensus Bundle on Obstetric Hemorrhage [2015]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Regulatory guidance for assessment and management of applications for marketing authorization of oxytocin [2021]
    • WHO recommendation on routes of oxytocin administration for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage after vaginal birth [2020]
    • WHO recommendation on advance misoprostol distribution to pregnant women for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage [2020]
    • Postpartum hemorrhage care bundles to improve adherence to guidelines: A WHO technical consultation [2020]
    • Appropriate storage and management of oxytocin – a key commodity for maternal health. WHO/UNICEF/UNFPA Joint Statement [2019]
    • WHO recommendations: uterotonics for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on tranexamic acid for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2017]
    • Postpartum haemorrhage management, risks, and maternal outcomes: findings from the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health [2014]
    • WHO recommendations for the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2012]
    • WHO statement regarding the use of misoprostol for postpartum haemorrhage prevention and treatment [2009]
    • WHO guidelines for the management of postpartum haemorrhage and retained placenta [2009]
    • Managing postpartum haemorrhage [2008]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Postpartum (puerperium)
    • Bleeding in pregnancy, placenta diseases

Premature labor, preterm delivery

• Australia
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • The shortened cervix in pregnancy: Investigation and current management recommendations for primary caregivers [2019]
  • Better Safer Care
    • Preterm labour
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Barriers and enablers to implementing antenatal magnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection guidelines: a study using the theoretical domains framework [2015]
  • Department of Health Australia
    • Risk of preterm birth
  • NSW Health
    • Management of Threatened Preterm Labour [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • The elements of success in a comprehensive state-wide program to safely reduce the rate of preterm birth [2020]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Preterm labour and birth
• Austria
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Statement by the OEGGG with Review of the Literature on the Mode of Delivery of Premature Infants at the Limit of Viability [2018]
• Brazil
  • Clinics
    • The role of maternal infection in preterm birth: evidence from the Brazilian Multicentre Study on Preterm Birth (EMIP) [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • The Burden of Provider-Initiated Preterm Birth and Associated Factors: Evidence from the Brazilian Multicenter Study on Preterm Birth (EMIP) [2016]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Prevalence and risk factors related to preterm birth in Brazil [2016]
• Canada
  • Alberta Health Services
    • Clinical Assessment of ‘At Risk” or Actual Preterm Labour for Triage [2018]
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • How often are late preterm births the result of non-evidence based practices: analysis from a retrospective cohort study at two tertiary referral centres in a nationalised healthcare system [2013]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Magnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection: benefits and challenges of a systematic knowledge translation project in Canada [2015]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Sonographic Cervical Length in Singleton Pregnancies: Techniques and Clinical Applications [2020]
    • Progesterone for Prevention of Spontaneous Preterm Birth [2020]
    • Universal Cervical Length Screening [2019]
    • Magnesium Sulphate for Fetal Neuroprotection [2019]
    • Ultrasonographic Cervical Length Assessment in Predicting Preterm Birth in Singleton Pregnancies [2018]
    • Obstetric Management at Borderline Viability [2017]
• Chile
  • BioMed Research International
    • Increase in Preterm Birth during Demographic Transition in Chile from 1991 to 2012 [2015]
• China
  • BMJ Open
    • Incidence and trend of preterm birth in China, 1990–2016: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
  • Environment International
    • Ambient temperature and the risk of preterm birth: A national birth cohort study in the mainland China [2020]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Rate of gestational weight gain and preterm birth in relation to prepregnancy body mass indices and trimester: a follow-up study in China [2016]
  • Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Risk factors associated with late preterm births in the underdeveloped region of China: A cohort study and systematic review [2015]
• Denmark
  • Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Magnesium sulfate as neuroprotection in preterm birth [2020]
    • Preterm fetal monitoring [2019]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Epidemiology of preterm birth in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
• Europe
  • Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • What contributes to disparities in the preterm birth rate in European countries? [2015]
  • European Standards of Care for Newborn Health
    • Information provision for women about the risk for preterm birth (PTB) [2018]
  • Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
    • Guidelines for the management of spontaneous preterm labor: identification of spontaneous preterm labor, diagnosis of preterm premature rupture of membranes, and preventive tools for preterm birth [2011]
• France
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Antenatal magnesium sulphate administration for fetal neuroprotection: a French national survey [2017]
  • Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
    • Cost-effectiveness of diagnostic tests for threatened preterm labor in singleton pregnancy in France [2018]
• Germany
  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
    • The Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Premature Labor [2013]
• Germany, Switzerland, Austria
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Prevention and Therapy of Preterm Birth. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/025, February 2019) – Part 1 with Recommendations on the Epidemiology, Etiology, Prediction, Primary and Secondary Prevention of Preterm Birth [2019]
• High-income countries
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • The effectiveness of antenatal care programmes to reduce infant mortality and preterm birth in socially disadvantaged and vulnerable women in high-income countries: a systematic review [2011]
• International
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: a systematic review and modelling analysis [2018]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Tocolysis for inhibiting preterm birth in extremely preterm birth, multiple gestations and in growth-restricted fetuses: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2016]
    • Reducing the global burden of Preterm Birth through knowledge transfer and exchange: a research agenda for engaging effectively with policymakers [2016]
    • Born Too Soon: The global epidemiology of 15 million preterm births [2013]
    • Born Too Soon: Preterm birth matters [2013]
    • Born Too Soon: Care during pregnancy and childbirth to reduce preterm deliveries and improve health outcomes of the preterm baby [2013]
    • Born Too Soon: Care before and between pregnancy to prevent preterm births: from evidence to action [2013]
    • Born Too Soon: Accelerating actions for prevention and care of 15 million newborns born too soon [2013]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Mode of delivery and pregnancy outcomes in preterm birth: a secondary analysis of the WHO Global and Multi-country Surveys [2019]
  • Vaccine
    • Preterm birth: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunisation safety data [2016]
    • Pathways to preterm birth: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data [2016]
• Iran
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Assessing the risk factors before pregnancy of preterm births in Iran: a population-based case-control study [2019]
  • Global Journal of Health Science
    • Preterm Delivery and Psycho–Social Determinants of Health Based on World Health Organization Model in Iran: A Narrative Review [2013]
  • Journal of Caring Sciences
    • Investigating the Prevalence of Preterm Birth in Iranian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2017]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Tocolytic Treatment in Pregnancy [2013]
    • Antenatal Magnesium Sulphate for Fetal Neuroprotection [2013]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Reproductive Health
    • Rates and risk factors for preterm birth and low birthweight in the global network sites in six low- and low middle-income countries [2020]
• Malawi
  • PLoS Medicine
    • The APPLe Study: A Randomized, Community-Based, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Azithromycin for the Prevention of Preterm Birth, with Meta-Analysis [2009]
• New Zealand
  • Starship
    • New Zealand Consensus Statement on the care of mother and baby(ies) at periviable gestations [2019]
• Nordic countries
  • Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Progesterone for prevention of preterm birth - NORDIC guideline [2019]
• Norway
  • International Journal of Epidemiology
    • Season and preterm birth in Norway: A cautionary tale [2015]
• Poland
  • Ginekologia Polska
    • Short cervix in twin pregnancies: current state of knowledge and the proposed scheme of treatment [2017]
• Portugal
  • Acta Médica Portuguesa
    • Prevalence of Late Preterm and Early Term Birth in Portugal [2016]
• Puerto Rico
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Associations between gestational weight gain and preterm birth in Puerto Rico [2020]
• Republic of Korea
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology Science
    • Practice patterns in the management of threatened preterm labor in Korea: A multicenter retrospective study [2015]
• Taiwan
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • The epidemiologic characteristics and associated risk factors of preterm birth from 2004 to 2013 in Taiwan [2020]
  • Medicine
    • The trends and associated factors of preterm deliveries from 2001 to 2011 in Taiwan [2019]
• United Kingdom
  • Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition
    • Barriers to deferred cord clamping in preterm infants [2014]
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • The influence of the introduction of national guidelines on preterm birth prevention practice: UK experience [2018]
    • Provision and practice of specialist preterm labour clinics: a UK survey of practice [2014]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • A prognostic model, including quantitative fetal fibronectin, to predict preterm labour: the QUIDS meta-analysis and prospective cohort study [2021]
    • Three biomarker tests to help diagnose preterm labour: a systematic review and economic evaluation [2019]
    • Rapid fetal fibronectin testing to predict preterm birth in women with symptoms of premature labour: a systematic review and cost analysis [2013]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Preterm labour and birth (Quality standard) [2019]
    • Preterm labour and birth [2019]
    • Biomarker tests to help diagnose preterm labour in women with intact membranes [2018]
  • Obstetrician & Gynaecologist
    • Spontaneous preterm birth prevention in multiple pregnancy [2018]
• United States of America
  • AJP Reports
    • Understanding if, How, and Why Women with Prior Spontaneous Preterm Births are Treated with Progestogens: A National Survey of Obstetrician Practice Patterns [2018]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Clinical Guidance for the Integration of the Findings of the EPPPIC Meta-Analysis: Evaluating Progestogens for Preventing Preterm Birth International Collaborative [2021]
    • Magnesium Sulfate Use in Obstetrics [2016]
  • American College of Radiology
    • Assessment of Gravid Cervix
  • American Family Physician
    • Preterm Labor: Prevention and Management [2017]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Effects of Maternal Age and Age-Specific Preterm Birth Rates on Overall Preterm Birth Rates — United States, 2007 and 2014 [2016]
    • CDC Grand Rounds: Public Health Strategies to Prevent Preterm Birth [2016]
  • Journal of Perinatology
    • The impact of changes in preterm birth among twins on stillbirth and infant mortality in the United States [2014]
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
    • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #50: The role of activity restriction in obstetric management [2020]
    • SMFM Statement: Use of 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate for prevention of recurrent preterm birth [2019]
    • The role of cervical pessary placement to prevent preterm birth in clinical practice [2017]
    • The choice of progestogen for the prevention of preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancy and prior preterm birth [2017]
    • The role of routine cervical length screening in selected high- and low-risk women for preterm birth prevention [2016]
    • Progesterone and preterm birth prevention: translating clinical trials data into clinical practice [2012]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Global, regional and national levels and trends of preterm birth rates for 1990 to 2014: protocol for development of World Health Organization estimates [2016]
    • WHO recommendations on interventions to improve preterm birth outcomes [2015]
    • Risk factors for spontaneous and provider-initiated preterm delivery in high and low Human Development Index countries: a secondary analysis of the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health [2014]
    • Born too soon: the global action report on preterm birth [2012]
    • Preterm birth: Fact sheet
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Premature rupture of membranes
    • Premature infants, low birth weight
    • Newborn respiratory tract diseases
    • Miscarriage
    • Maternal and neonatal infections
    • Labor, delivery
    • Fetal maturation, antenatal corticosteroids

Premature rupture of membranes

• Australia
  • Better Safer Care
    • Preterm pre-labour rupture of membranes
    • Pre-labour rupture of membranes at term
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes
• Canada
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Antibiotic Therapy in Preterm Premature Rupture of the Membranes [2017]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Research Notes
    • High proportions of obstetric referrals in Addis Ababa: the case of term premature rupture of membranes [2016]
• Europe
  • Scientific Reports
    • Unit policies regarding tocolysis after preterm premature rupture of membranes: association with latency, neonatal and 2-year outcomes (EPICE cohort) [2020]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Preterm Prelabour Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) [2013]
• Middle East
  • Middle-East OBGYN Graduate Education Foundation
    • Middle-East OBGYN Graduate Education (MOGGE) Foundation Practice Guidelines: Prelabor rupture of membranes; Practice guideline No. 01-O-19 [2020]
• Republic of Korea
  • Journal of Korean Medical Science
    • Neonatal Outcomes according to the Latent Period from Membrane Rupture to Delivery among Extremely Preterm Infants Exposed to Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane: a Nationwide Cohort Study [2021]
• United Kingdom
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Care of Women Presenting with Suspected Preterm Prelabour Rupture of Membranes from 24+0 Weeks of Gestation [2019]
• United States of America
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Premature Rupture of Membranes [2016]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Premature labor, preterm delivery
    • Labor, delivery

Shoulder dystocia

• Canada
  • Perinatal Services BC
    • Shoulder Dystocia [2011]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Guideline for the Management of Shoulder Dystocia HSE Home Birth Service [2018]
• United Kingdom
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Shoulder dystocia [2012]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery
    • Dystocia

Third stage of labor

• Saudi Arabia
  • Annals of Saudi Medicine
    • Current umbilical cord clamping practices and attitudes of obstetricians and midwives toward delayed cord clamping in Saudi Arabia [2017]
• Spain
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Variability of Clinical Practice in the Third Stage of Labour in Spain [2019]
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Management of Acute Puerperal Inversion of the Uterus [2014]
• United Kingdom
  • GG&C Paediatric Guidelines
    • Cord clamping guidelines [2019]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Clamping of the Umbilical Cord and Placental Transfusion [2015]
• United States of America
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Timing of Umbilical Cord Clamping After Birth [2013]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping After Birth [2020]
  • Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
    • Guidelines for Active Management of the Third Stage of Labor using Oxytocin: AWHONN Practice Brief Number 12 [2021]
  • Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
    • Is it time to rethink cord management when resuscitation is needed? [2015]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendation on umbilical vein injection of oxytocin for the treatment of retained placenta [2020]
    • Optimal timing of cord clamping for the prevention of iron deficiency anaemia in infants
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery