Obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive medicine guidelines

Labor, delivery, postpartum

Guidelines, reviews, statements, recommendations, standards

 

Breech presentation

• Australia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Uptake of external cephalic version for term breech presentation: an Australian population study, 2002–2012 [2017]
  • Department of Health Australia
    • Fetal presentation [2018]
  • NSW Health
    • Supporting Women Planning a Vaginal Breech Birth [2017]
    • External Cephalic Version [2017]
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Management of breech presentation at term [2016]
• Brazil
  • Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
    • Elective cesarean section for term breech delivery [2015]
• Canada
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Management of Breech Presentation at Term [2019]
• Germany
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Current Approach for External Cephalic Version in Germany [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • New MRI Criteria for Successful Vaginal Breech Delivery in Primiparae [2016]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • The Management of a Breech Presentation [2017]
• New Zealand
  • New Zealand College of Midwives
    • Singleton breech presentation at term: Review of the evidence and international guidelines for application to the New Zealand context [2018]
• Norway
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Intrapartum monitoring with cardiotocography and ST-waveform analysis in breech presentation: an observational study [2015]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Adherence to guidelines and suboptimal practice in term breech delivery with perinatal death- a population-based case-control study in Norway [2019]
    • Vaginal breech delivery: results of a prospective registration study [2013]
• United Kingdom
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Management of Breech Presentation [2017]
    • External Cephalic Version and Reducing the Incidence of Term Breech Presentation [2017]
• United States of America
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Mode of Term Singleton Breech Delivery [2018]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery
    • Dystocia

Cerebral palsy

• Canada
  • Implementation Science
    • MAGnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection to prevent Cerebral Palsy (MAG-CP)—implementation of a national guideline in Canada [2018]
• Developed countries
  • Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
    • A systematic review of risk factors for cerebral palsy in children born at term in developed countries [2012]
• Japan
  • PLoS ONE
    • Relevant Obstetric Factors for Cerebral Palsy: From the Nationwide Obstetric Compensation System in Japan [2016]
• Norway
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Prelabor rupture of membranes and the association with cerebral palsy in term born children: a national registry-based cohort study [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Cerebral palsy in children and young people [2017]
    • Selective dorsal rhizotomy for spasticity in cerebral palsy [2010]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Preterm Labour, Antibiotics and Cerebral Palsy [2013]
    • Magnesium Sulphate to Prevent Cerebral Palsy following Preterm Birth [2011]
• United States of America
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Providing a Primary Care Medical Home for Children and Youth With Cerebral Palsy [2014]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Neonatal Encephalopathy and Neurologic Outcome [2014]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Cerebral Palsy
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Newborn nervous system diseases
    • Labor, delivery

Cesarean section

• Australia
  • Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care
    • Early planned caesarean section without medical or obstetric indication – special report [2018]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Rate of spontaneous onset of labour before planned repeat caesarean section at term [2014]
  • NSW Health
    • Timing of Planned or Pre-labour Caesarean Section at Term [2016]
    • Supporting Women in their Next Birth After Caesarean Section (NBAC) [2014]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC)
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Timing of elective caesarean section at term [2018]
    • Delivery of the fetus at caesarean section [2017]
    • Caesarean delivery on maternal request [2017]
• Austria
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Labour and Childbirth After Previous Caesarean Section: Recommendations of the Austrian Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OEGGG) [2016]
• Bangladesh
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Reasons for performing a caesarean section in public hospitals in rural Bangladesh [2014]
• Brazil
  • PLoS ONE
    • Caesarean Delivery and Postpartum Maternal Mortality: A Population-Based Case Control Study in Brazil [2016]
  • Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
    • Cesarean delivery and small newborn for gestational age [2016]
    • Cesarean on request [2015]
    • Birth route in case of cesarean section in a previous pregnancy [2015]
  • Revista de Saúde Pública
    • Models of childbirth care and cesarean rates in different countries [2011]
  • Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
    • Cesarean sections in Brazil: will they ever stop increasing? [2015]
• Burkina Faso
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • After surgery: the effects of life-saving caesarean sections in Burkina Faso [2015]
    • Readiness of district and regional hospitals in Burkina Faso to provide caesarean section and blood transfusion services: a cross-sectional study [2014]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Vaginal Cleansing Immediately Before Cesarean Delivery: Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines [2019]
  • Health Quality Ontario
    • Caesarean Delivery Rate Review: An Evidence-Based Analysis [2015]
  • New England Journal of Medicine
    • A Cluster-Randomized Trial to Reduce Cesarean Delivery Rates in Quebec [2015]
  • Provincial Council for Maternal and Child Health
    • Vaginal Birth After Caesarean Quality Standard
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Impacted Fetal Head, Second-Stage Cesarean Delivery [2021]
    • Trial of Labour After Caesarean [2019]
    • Guidelines for Vaginal Birth After Previous Caesarean Birth [2018]
    • Caesarean Delivery on Maternal Request [2018]
    • Classification of Caesarean Sections in Canada: The Modified Robson Criteria [2017]
• Canada, Spain
  • Implementation Science
    • Evaluation of quality improvement for cesarean section programmes through mixed methods [2014]
• China
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • A descriptive analysis of the indications for caesarean section in mainland China [2014]
  • BMJ
    • Relaxation of the one child policy and trends in caesarean section rates and birth outcomes in China between 2012 and 2016: observational study of nearly seven million health facility births [2018]
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Prior caesarean section and likelihood of vaginal birth, 2012–2016, China [2018]
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • Cesarean section in the People’s Republic of China: current perspectives [2014]
• Denmark
  • Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Vaginal seeding [2018]
• Developed countries
  • Frontiers in Pediatrics
    • Elective Cesarean Section on Term Pregnancies Has a High Risk for Neonatal Respiratory Morbidity in Developed Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2020]
• Egypt
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Medical and non-medical reasons for cesarean section delivery in Egypt: a hospital-based retrospective study [2019]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Prevalence of surgical site infection and its associated factors after cesarean section in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
  • Canadian Journal of Rural Medicine
    • Learning from our Ethiopian colleagues: operative obstetrics for the generalist [2014]
• France
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Why women with previous caesarean and eligible for a trial of labour have an elective repeat caesarean delivery? A national study in France [2016]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Appropriateness of elective caesarean deliveries in a perinatal network: a cross-sectional study [2014]
• Germany
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Regional variation in caesarean deliveries in Germany and its causes [2013]
  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
    • Indications for and Risks of Elective Cesarean Section [2015]
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Misoprostol for Labour Induction after Previous Caesarean Section – Forever a “No Go”? [2015]
  • GMS German Medical Science
    • Impact of caesarean section on mode of delivery, pregnancy-induced and pregnancy-associated disorders, and complications in the subsequent pregnancy in Germany [2016]
• India
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • The Dual Burden of Malnutrition Increases the Risk of Cesarean Delivery: Evidence From India [2018]
• International
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Audit and feedback using the Robson classification to reduce caesarean section rates: a systematic review [2017]
    • A global reference for caesarean section rates (C-Model): a multicountry cross-sectional study [2015]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • International migration and caesarean birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2013]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Non-clinical interventions to reduce unnecessary caesarean section targeted at organisations, facilities and systems: Systematic review of qualitative studies [2018]
    • The Increasing Trend in Caesarean Section Rates: Global, Regional and National Estimates: 1990-2014 [2016]
    • Optimal Timing of Delivery among Low-Risk Women with Prior Caesarean Section: A Secondary Analysis of the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health [2016]
    • Obstetricians’ Opinions of the Optimal Caesarean Rate: A Global Survey [2016]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Women’s and communities’ views of targeted educational interventions to reduce unnecessary caesarean section: a qualitative evidence synthesis [2018]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Pregnancy outcomes of women with previous caesarean sections: Secondary analysis of World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health [2019]
• Iran
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Developing criteria for Cesarean Section using the RAND appropriateness method [2010]
  • Iranian Journal of Public Health
    • Prevalence and Causes of Cesarean Section in Iran: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2014]
  • Journal of Family & Reproductive Health
    • In Depth Analysis of the Leading Causes of Maternal Mortality Due to Cesarean Section in Iran [2017]
  • Journal of Research in Health Sciences
    • Effect of Iranian Ministry of Health Protocols on Cesarean Section Rate: A Quasi-Experimental Study [2013]
• Iraq
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Rates and trends in cesarean sections between 2008 and 2012 in Iraq [2017]
• Ireland
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Differences in nulliparous caesarean section rates across models of care: a decomposition analysis [2016]
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Delivery after previous Caesarean section [2011]
  • PLoS ONE
    • National Variation in Caesarean Section Rates: A Cross Sectional Study in Ireland [2016]
• Italy
  • Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità
    • Cesarean section on maternal request: should it be formally prohibited in Italy? [2015]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • “An unnecessary cut?” multilevel health systems analysis of drivers of caesarean sections rates in Italy: a systematic review [2020]
    • Vaginal birth after caesarean birth in Italy: variations among areas of residence and hospitals [2018]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Caesarean Section on Maternal Request: An Italian Comparative Study on Patients’ Characteristics, Pregnancy Outcomes and Guidelines Overview [2020]
• Japan
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Caesarean section by maternal age group among singleton deliveries and primiparous Japanese women: a secondary analysis of the WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health [2016]
• Jordan
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Rising cesarean deliveries among apparently low-risk mothers at university teaching hospitals in Jordan: analysis of population survey data, 2002–2012 [2014]
• Latin America
  • World Health Organization
    • Rising caesarean deliveries in Latin America: how best to monitor rates and risks [2009]
• Lithuania
  • Medicina
    • Cesarean section rates in Lithuania using Robson Ten Group Classification System [2015]
• Low and middle-income countries
  • BMJ
    • Within country inequalities in caesarean section rates: observational study of 72 low and middle income countries [2018]
  • International Journal of Epidemiology
    • Caesarean delivery and neonatal mortality rates in 46 low- and middle-income countries: a propensity-score matching and meta-analysis of Demographic and Health Survey data [2013]
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Variability in mortality following caesarean delivery, appendectomy, and groin hernia repair in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and analysis of published data [2016]
• Malaysia
  • Medical Journal of Malaysia
    • Rising Caesarean Section Rates in Public Hospitals in Malaysia 2006 [2008]
• Mali
  • PLoS ONE
    • The Free Caesareans Policy in Low-Income Settings: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis in Mali (2003–2012) [2014]
• Mexico
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Trends of caesarean delivery from 2008 to 2017, Mexico [2019]
• Mozambique
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Caesarean section rates in Mozambique [2015]
• Netherlands
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Identification of barriers and facilitators for optimal cesarean section care: perspective of professionals [2017]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Modest Rise in Caesarean Section from 2000-2010: The Dutch Experience [2016]
    • Development and Measurement of Guidelines-Based Quality Indicators of Caesarean Section Care in the Netherlands: A RAND-Modified Delphi Procedure and Retrospective Medical Chart Review [2016]
• Nigeria
  • BMJ Open
    • Cesarean delivery in Nigeria: prevalence and associated factors - a population-based cross-sectional study [2019]
• Norway
  • BMJ Open
    • Does caesarean delivery in the first pregnancy increase the risk for adverse outcome in the second? A registry-based cohort study on first and second singleton births in Norway [2020]
• Palestine
  • BMJ Open
    • Caesarean section in Palestine using the Robson Ten Group Classification System: a population-based birth cohort study [2018]
• Peru
  • PLoS ONE
    • Caesarean Section in Peru: Analysis of Trends Using the Robson Classification System [2016]
• Poland
  • Ginekologia Polska
    • Recommendations of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians regarding caesarean sections [2018]
• Portugal
  • BMC Research Notes
    • Risk of caesarean section after induced labour: do hospitals make a difference? [2013]
• Republic of Korea
  • Journal of Korean Medical Science
    • Changes in the Cesarean Section Rate in Korea (1982-2012) and a Review of the Associated Factors [2014]
• Spain
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • What do popular Spanish women's magazines say about caesarean section? A 21-year survey [2014]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMJ Open
    • Impact of caesarean section on breastfeeding indicators: within-country and meta-analyses of nationally representative data from 33 countries in sub-Saharan Africa [2019]
  • Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology
    • Cesarean section in sub-Saharan Africa [2016]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Effect of maternal height on caesarean section and neonatal mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa: An analysis of 34 national datasets [2018]
• Taiwan
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Vaginal Birth after Cesarean Section in Taiwan: A Population-Based Study [2019]
• Uganda
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Spatial and temporal trends of cesarean deliveries in Uganda: 2012–2016 [2019]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Enhanced recovery after elective caesarean: a rapid review of clinical protocols, and an umbrella review of systematic reviews [2017]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • A randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of intraoperative cell salvage during caesarean section in women at risk of haemorrhage: the SALVO (cell SALVage in Obstetrics) trial [2018]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Caesarean birth (Quality standard) [2021]
    • Caesarean birth [2021]
    • Insertion of a balloon device to disimpact an engaged fetal head before an emergency caesarean section [2015]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Safety messaging regarding the use of plastic cord clamps at caesarean section [2020]
    • Birth after Previous Caesarean Birth [2015]
    • Caesarean Section for Placenta Praevia (Consent Advice) [2011]
    • Classification of urgency of caesarean section – a continuum of risk [2010]
    • Caesarean Section (Consent Advice) [2009]
• United States of America
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Future Research Needs for Strategies To Reduce Cesarean Birth in Low-Risk Women [2012]
    • Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: New Insights [2010]
  • American Academy of Family Physicians
    • Cesarean Delivery in Family Medicine (Position Paper) [2016]
    • Planning for Labor and Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Delivery: Guidelines from the AAFP [2015]
    • Vaginal Birth After Cesarean [2014]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request [2019]
    • Vaginal Seeding [2017]
    • Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery [2014]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Maternal Morbidity for Vaginal and Cesarean Deliveries, According to Previous Cesarean History: New Data From the Birth Certificate, 2013 [2015]
    • Trends in low-risk cesarean delivery in the United States, 1990-2013 [2014]
  • Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
    • Limitations of Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Success Prediction [2018]
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Preventing the First Cesarean Delivery: Summary of a Joint Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Workshop [2012]
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
    • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #51: Thromboembolism prophylaxis for cesarean delivery [2020]
    • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Consult Series #49: Cesarean scar pregnancy [2020]
    • SMFM Special Statement: Checklist for thromboembolism prophylaxis after cesarean delivery [2020]
    • Coding update of the SMFM definition of low risk for cesarean delivery from ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM [2017]
    • Comparing variation in hospital rates of cesarean delivery among low-risk women using 3 different measures [2016]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Non-clinical interventions to reduce unnecessary caesarean sections: WHO recommendations [2020]
    • WHO recommendations: non-clinical interventions to reduce unnecessary caesarean sections [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on interventions targeted at women for the reduction of unnecessary caesarean sections [2018]
    • Robson Classification: Implementation Manual [2017]
    • WHO statement on caesarean section rates [2015]
    • WHO recommendation on vaginal cleansing with povidone-iodine immediately before caesarean section [2015]
    • WHO recommendation on routine antibiotic prophylaxis for women undergoing elective or emergency caesarean section [2015]
    • WHO recommendation on choice of an antiseptic agent and its method of application for skin preparation prior to caesarean section [2015]
    • WHO recommendation on antibiotic prophylaxis for caesarean section using a single dose of first generation cephalosporin or penicillin in preference to other classes of antibiotics [2015]
    • WHO recommendation on administration of prophylactic antibiotics prior to skin incision, rather than intraoperatively after umbilical cord clamping, for caesarean section [2015]
    • Maternal and institutional characteristics associated with the administration of prophylactic antibiotics for caesarean section: a secondary analysis of the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on cord traction for the removal of the placenta in caesarean section [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of misoprostol for induction of labour in women with previous caesarean section [2011]
    • Caesarean section without medical indication increases risk of short-term adverse outcomes for mothers: policy brief [2010]
    • Births by caesarean section - Data by country
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Obstetrical analgesia and anesthesia
    • Labor, delivery

Dystocia

• Denmark
  • Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Primiparous women with dystocia (lack of progress) [2015]
• International
  • Vaccine
    • Dysfunctional labor: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data [2017]
• United States of America
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Labor Dystocia [2020]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Managing prolonged and obstructed labour [2008]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Shoulder dystocia
    • Labor, delivery
    • Breech presentation

Episiotomy, perineal trauma

• Australia
  • Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care
    • Third and fourth degree perineal laceration during delivery [2018]
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Perineal tears - A review [2018]
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • The effect of implementing a new guideline and operative pro forma on the detection and management of third- and fourth-degree perineal tears [2016]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Perineal care
• France
  • Scientific Reports
    • Episiotomy practices in France: epidemiology and risk factors in non-operative vaginal deliveries [2020]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Guideline on the Management of Perineal Repair HSE Home Birth Service [2018]
• Jamaica
  • International Scholarly Research Notices
    • Severe Perineal Lacerations in Obstetric Practice: The Effect of Institutional Practice Guidelines on Repair Failures in a Single Centre [2014]
  • Permanente Journal
    • An Audit of Clinician Compliance with Best Practice Recommendations to Repair Severe Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries [2014]
• Netherlands
  • International Urogynecology Journal
    • Choice of mode of delivery in a subsequent pregnancy after OASI: a survey among Dutch gynecologists [2017]
• Saudi Arabia
  • Materia Socio-Medica
    • Rates and Indicators for Episiotomy in Modern Obstetrics – a study from Saudi Arabia [2015]
• Sweden
  • Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care
    • Treatment of maternal birth injuries following vaginal birth [2016]
• United Kingdom
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Episcissors-60 for mediolateral episiotomy [2020]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Third- and Fourth-degree Perineal Tears, Management [2015]
    • Repair of Third- and Fourth-Degree Perineal Tears Following Childbirth (Consent Advice) [2010]
• Vietnam
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Episiotomy rate in Vietnamese-born women in Australia: support for a change in obstetric practice in Viet Nam [2013]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendation on techniques for preventing perineal trauma during labour [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on routine antibiotic prophylaxis for episiotomy [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on episiotomy policy [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on routine antibiotic prophylaxis for women with third- or fourth-degree perineal tear [2015]
    • WHO recommendation against routine antibiotic prophylaxis for women with episiotomy [2015]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery

Fetal distress

• International
  • Vaccine
    • Non-reassuring fetal status: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data [2016]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Cord Prolapse [2015]
• Tanzania
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Criteria-based audit to improve quality of care of foetal distress: standardising obstetric care at a national referral hospital in a low resource setting, Tanzania [2016]
• United Kingdom
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Therapeutic amnioinfusion for oligohydramnios during pregnancy (excluding labour) [2006]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Umbilical Cord Prolapse [2014]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery
    • Fetal monitoring

Fetal monitoring

• Australia
  • Clinical Excellence Commission
    • Fetal monitoring: Are we getting it right? [2013]
  • NSW Health
    • Fetal heart rate monitoring [2018]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Intrapartum fetal surveillance
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Fetal Scalp Lactate Testing During Intrapartum Pregnancy with Abnormal Fetal Heart Rate: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines [2018]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Fetal Health Surveillance: Intrapartum Consensus Guideline [2020]
    • Maintaining Standards in Antenatal and Intrapartum Fetal Surveillance: Quality Improvement and Risk Management [2018]
• Denmark
  • PLoS ONE
    • Can Intrapartum Cardiotocography Predict Uterine Rupture among Women with Prior Caesarean Delivery?: A Population Based Case-Control Study [2016]
• Germany
  • PeerJ
    • What is the “normal” fetal heart rate? [2013]
• International
  • Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    • Agreement and accuracy using the FIGO, ACOG and NICE cardiotocography interpretation guidelines [2017]
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Physiology of fetal oxygenation and the main goals of intrapartum fetal monitoring [2015]
    • FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Introduction [2015]
    • FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Intermittent auscultation [2015]
    • FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Cardiotocography [2015]
    • FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Adjunctive technologies [2015]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Intrapartum Fetal Hearth Rate Monitoring [2019]
• Low-resource settings
  • International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
    • Delphi consensus statement on intrapartum fetal monitoring in low-resource settings [2018]
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Guideline on fetal monitoring in labour [2014]
• United Kingdom
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Critical Imperative for the Reform of British Interpretation of Fetal Heart Rate Decelerations: Analysis of FIGO and NICE Guidelines, Post-Truth Foundations, Cognitive Fallacies, Myths and Occam’s Razor [2017]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Novii Wireless Patch System for maternal and fetal monitoring [2020]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Fetal Scalp Lactate as an Alternative to Scalp pH, Is it Time for UK Obstetricians to Accept [2015]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendation on routine assessment of fetal well-being on labour admission [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on intermittent fetal heart rate auscultation during labour [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on continuous cardiotocography during labour [2018]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery
    • Fetal distress

Home birth

• Australia
  • Australian College of Midwives
    • Australian College of Midwives Transfer from Planned Birth at Home Guidelines (2016) [2016]
    • Australian College of Midwives Birth at Home Midwifery Practice Standards [2016]
  • NSW Health
    • Public Homebirth Services in NSW [2020]
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Home Births [2017]
• Bhutan
  • WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health
    • Factors associated with delivery at home in Bhutan: findings from the National Health Survey 2012 [2018]
• Canada
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • The Canadian birth place study: examining maternity care provider attitudes and interprofessional conflict around planned home birth [2014]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Statement on Planned Homebirth [2019]
• International
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • Planned home birth: benefits, risks, and opportunities [2015]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Home Birth policies and procedures
• Pakistan
  • Health Research Policy and Systems
    • Is home delivery really preferred? a mixed-methods national study in Pakistan [2015]
• United Kingdom
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Perinatal and maternal outcomes in planned home and obstetric unit births in women at ‘higher risk’ of complications: secondary analysis of the Birthplace national prospective cohort study [2015]
• United States of America
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Providing Care for Infants Born at Home [2020]
    • Planned Home Birth [2013]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Planned Home Birth [2017]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Trends in Out-of-Hospital Births in the United States, 1990–2012 [2014]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Neonatal Mortality of Planned Home Birth in the United States in Relation to Professional Certification of Birth Attendants [2016]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery

Induction of labor

• Australia
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Methods of classification for women undergoing induction of labour: a systematic review and novel classification system [2015]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Induction of labour
• Canada
  • Alberta Health Services
    • Induction/Augmentation of Labour with Oxytocin [2018]
    • Induction of Labour: Cervical Ripening [2018]
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Misoprostol for Cervical Ripening and Induction of Labour: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines [2018]
• Germany
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Inter-institutional variations in oxytocin augmentation during labour in German university hospitals: a national survey [2019]
• India
  • Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India
    • Induction of Labor: Good Clinical Practice Recommendations [2018]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Oxytocin to Accelerate or Induce Labour [2016]
• Poland
  • Ginekologia Polska
    • Polish Gynecological Society recommendations for labor induction [2017]
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Guideline on induction of labour [2014]
    • Guideline for use of oxytocin for induction and augmentation of labour [2014]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Reduction in resource use with the misoprostol vaginal insert vs the dinoprostone vaginal insert for labour induction: a model-based analysis from a United Kingdom healthcare perspective [2016]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Socioeconomic risk factors for labour induction in the United Kingdom [2020]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Which method is best for the induction of labour? A systematic review, network meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis [2016]
  • Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
    • Misoprostol vaginal delivery system (Mysodelle): reports of excessive uterine contractions (tachysystole) unresponsive to tocolytic treatment [2018]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Insertion of a double balloon catheter for induction of labour in pregnant women without previous caesarean section [2015]
    • Induction of labour: misoprostol vaginal delivery system [2014]
    • Induction of labour [2014]
    • Induction of labour in late intrauterine fetal death: vaginal misoprostol (after oral mifepristone) [2013]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Induction of Labour at Term in Older Mothers [2013]
• United States of America
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Cervical Ripening in the Outpatient Setting [2021]
    • Elective Induction of Labor: Safety and Harms [2009]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Labor Induction or Augmentation and Autism [2014]
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
    • SMFM Statement on Elective Induction of Labor in Low-Risk Nulliparous Women at Term: the ARRIVE Trial [2018]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendations: Induction of labour at or beyond term [2018]
    • WHO recommendations for induction of labour [2011]
    • WHO recommendation on use of oral misoprostol for induction of labour [2011]
    • WHO recommendation on use of low doses of vaginal prostaglandins for induction of labour [2011]
    • WHO recommendation on use of intravenous oxytocin alone for induction of labour [2011]
    • WHO recommendation on use of betamimetics for women with uterine hyperstimulation during induction of labour [2011]
    • WHO recommendation on use of balloon catheter plus oxytocin for induction of labour [2011]
    • WHO recommendation on use of balloon catheter for induction of labour [2011]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of vaginal misoprostol for induction of labour [2011]
    • WHO recommendation on sweeping of membranes for reducing formal induction of labour [2011]
    • WHO recommendation on outpatient induction of labour [2011]
    • WHO recommendation on induction of labour at term for suspected fetal macrosomia [2011]
    • WHO recommendation on induction of labour at gestational age less than 41 weeks [2011]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery

Labor, delivery

• Australia
  • BMJ Open
    • Maternal and perinatal outcomes by planned place of birth in Australia 2000 – 2012: a linked population data study [2019]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Normal birth
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Warm water immersion during labour and birth [2017]
    • Provision of routine intrapartum care in the absence of pregnancy complications [2017]
• Belgium
  • BMJ Open
    • Nationwide population-based cohort study of uterine rupture in Belgium: results from the Belgian Obstetric Surveillance System [2016]
• Brazil
  • Reproductive Health
    • Good practices according to WHO’s recommendation for normal labor and birth and women’s assessment of the care received: the “birth in Brazil” national research study, 2011/2012 [2016]
• Canada
  • Perinatal Services BC
    • Core Competencies for Management of Labour [2011]
    • Triage and Assessment Record & Labour Partogram Toolkit
  • Provincial Council for Maternal and Child Health
    • Quality-Based Procedure for Low Risk Birth
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Assisted Vaginal Birth [2019]
    • Management of Spontaneous Labour at Term in Healthy Women [2016]
  • Statistics Canada
    • Births and birth rates
• China
  • Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
    • Analyzing the Study of Using Acupuncture in Delivery in the Past Ten Years in China [2014]
• Egypt
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Childbirth care in Egypt: a repeat cross-sectional analysis using Demographic and Health Surveys between 1995 and 2014 examining use of care, provider mix and immediate postpartum care content [2020]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Implementing a modified World Health Organization safe childbirth checklist in health centers of Ethiopia: a pre and post intervention study [2021]
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • Factors associated with institutional delivery service utilization in Ethiopia [2016]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and Meta-analysis [2018]
• Europe
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Wide differences in mode of delivery within Europe: risk-stratified analyses of aggregated routine data from the Euro-Peristat study [2016]
• High-income countries
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Variations in use of childbirth interventions in 13 high-income countries: A multinational cross-sectional study [2020]
• India
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Effectiveness of the WHO SCC on improving adherence to essential practices during childbirth, in resource constrained settings [2016]
    • Adherence to evidence based care practices for childbirth before and after a quality improvement intervention in health facilities of Rajasthan, India [2014]
• Indonesia
  • Reproductive Health
    • Outcomes by birth setting and caregiver for low risk women in Indonesia: a systematic literature review [2019]
• International
  • Best Practice & Research: Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Optimal Intrapartum Care [2020]
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Diagnostic accuracy of the partograph alert and action lines to predict adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review [2019]
    • WHO model of intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience: Transforming care of women and babies for improved health and well-being [2018]
    • Respectful care during childbirth in health facilities globally: a qualitative evidence synthesis [2018]
    • Cervical dilatation patterns of ‘low-risk’ women with spontaneous labour and normal perinatal outcomes: a systematic review [2017]
  • European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
    • Duration of spontaneous labour in ‘low-risk’ women with ‘normal’ perinatal outcomes: A systematic review [2018]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Mapping the Prevalence and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Women Who Deliver Alone: Evidence From Demographic and Health Surveys From 80 Countries [2016]
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • FIGO Statement: Staffing requirements for delivery care, with special reference to low- and middle-income countries [2019]
    • Management of the second stage of labor [2012]
  • International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
    • Formative research and development of innovative tools for “Better Outcomes in Labour Difficulty” (BOLD) [2017]
  • International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • ISUOG Practice Guidelines: intrapartum ultrasound [2018]
  • PLoS ONE
    • What matters to women during childbirth: A systematic qualitative review [2018]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Effectiveness of respectful care policies for women using routine intrapartum services: a systematic review [2018]
  • United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF
    • Delivery care
• Ireland
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Regional variation in obstetrical intervention for hospital birth in the Republic of Ireland, 2005--2009 [2012]
• Japan
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • A cross-sectional survey of policies guiding second stage labor in urban Japanese hospitals, clinics and midwifery birth centers [2016]
• Low and middle-income countries
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Factors that influence the provision of intrapartum and postnatal care by skilled birth attendants in low- and middle-income countries: a qualitative evidence synthesis [2017]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Scoping review to identify and map the health personnel considered skilled birth attendants in low-and-middle income countries from 2000–2015 [2019]
• Nigeria
  • Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research
    • Spousal Participation in Labor and Delivery in Nigeria [2014]
• Nigeria, Uganda
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Cervical dilatation over time is a poor predictor of severe adverse birth outcomes: a diagnostic accuracy study [2018]
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Management of Labour [2014]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Time trends in facility-based and private-sector childbirth care: analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys from 25 sub-Saharan African countries from 2000 to 2016 [2019]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Progression of the first stage of spontaneous labour: A prospective cohort study in two sub-Saharan African countries [2018]
  • PLoS ONE
    • A look back on how far to walk: Systematic review and meta-analysis of physical access to skilled care for childbirth in Sub-Saharan Africa [2017]
• Taiwan
  • Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • A proposed mother-friendly childbirth model for Taiwanese women and obstetricians' attitudes toward it [2015]
• Tanzania
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Local adaption of intrapartum clinical guidelines, United Republic of Tanzania [2019]
• Thai-Myanmar border
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Quality of intrapartum care by skilled birth attendants in a refugee clinic on the Thai-Myanmar border: a survey using WHO Safe Motherhood Needs Assessment [2015]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • What influences birth place preferences, choices and decision-making amongst healthy women with straightforward pregnancies in the UK? A qualitative evidence synthesis using a ‘best fit’ framework approach [2017]
    • Women’s birth place preferences in the United Kingdom: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of the quantitative literature [2016]
  • GG&C Paediatric Guidelines
    • Criteria for attendance at delivery by neonatal staff [2017]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Intrapartum care: existing medical conditions and obstetric complications [2020]
    • Intrapartum care for women with existing medical conditions or obstetric complications and their babies [2019]
    • Intrapartum care for healthy women and babies [2017]
    • Intrapartum care [2017]
    • Intrapartum care
  • NHS Digital
    • NHS Maternity Statistics
  • Regulation and Quality Improvement Authority
    • Guideline for the Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of Hyponatraemia in Labour and the Immediate Postpartum Period [2017]
  • Royal College of Anaesthetists
    • Care of the critically ill woman in childbirth; enhanced maternal care 2018 [2018]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Operative Vaginal Delivery (Consent Advice) [2010]
    • Safer Childbirth Minimum Standards for the Organisation and Delivery of Care in Labour [2007]
• United States of America
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Immersion in Water During Labor and Delivery [2014]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Medically Indicated Late-Preterm and Early-Term Deliveries [2021]
    • Avoidance of Nonmedically Indicated Early-Term Deliveries and Associated Neonatal Morbidities [2019]
    • Approaches to Limit Intervention During Labor and Birth [2019]
    • Immersion in Water During Labor and Delivery [2016]
  • American Family Physician
    • Management of Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery [2015]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Births - Method of Delivery
    • Birth Data
  • Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
    • Management of Labor: Are the New Guidelines Justified? [2018]
    • A Model Practice Template for Hydrotherapy in Labor and Birth [2017]
  • Journal of Perinatal Education
    • Birth, Bath, and Beyond: The Science and Safety of Water Immersion During Labor and Birth [2014]
  • North Carolina Medical Journal
    • The perinatal quality collaborative of North Carolina's 39 weeks project: a quality improvement program to decrease elective deliveries before 39 weeks of gestation [2014]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO labour care guide: user’s manual [2020]
    • Companion of choice during labour and childbirth for improved quality of care [2020]
    • Interregional technical consultation: learning from implementation of the WHO safe childbirth checklist: Colombo, Sri-Lanka, 28-30 August 2017 [2019]
    • WHO recommendations: intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on routine vaginal cleansing during labour [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on routine amniotomy for prevention of delay in labour [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on respectful maternity care during labour and childbirth [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on progress of the first stage of labour: diagnostic test accuracy of a 1–cm/hour cervical dilatation rate threshold [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on progress of the first stage of labour: application of slow-yet-normal cervical dilatation patterns for labour management [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on perineal/pubic shaving at birth [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on oral fluid and food intake during labour [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on method of pushing [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on maternal mobility and position during labour [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on labour ward admission policy [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on intravenous fluids for preventing labour delay [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on fundal pressure to facilitate childbirth [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on effective communication between maternity care providers and women in labour [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on early amniotomy and oxytocin for prevention of delay in labour [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on duration of the first stage of labour [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on digital vaginal examination [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on definitions of the latent and active first stages of labour [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on definition and duration of the second stage of labour [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on continuity of care for a positive childbirth experience [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on companionship during labour and childbirth [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on clinical pelvimetry on admission [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on birth position (for women without epidural analgesia) [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on antispasmodic agents for prevention of delay in labour [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on administration of enema on admission [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on active management of labour [2018]
    • Definition of skilled health personnel providing care during childbirth: the 2018 joint statement by WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF, ICM, ICN, FIGO and IPA [2018]
    • WHO safe childbirth checklist collaboration evaluation report [2017]
    • WHO recommendation on partnership with Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) [2015]
    • WHO recommendation on digital vaginal examination at intervals of four hours for routine assessment of active first stage of labour in low-risk women [2015]
    • WHO recommendation on companion of choice at birth [2015]
    • WHO recommendation on birth preparedness and complication readiness [2015]
    • WHO recommendation against routine vaginal cleansing with chlorhexidine during labour for the purpose of preventing infectious morbidities [2015]
    • WHO recommendation against routine perineal/pubic shaving prior to giving vaginal birth [2015]
    • WHO recommendation against routine antibiotic prophylaxis for women with uncomplicated vaginal birth [2015]
    • WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist Implementation Guide [2015]
    • WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist [2015]
    • Recommendations for Augmentation of Labour [2015]
    • WHO recommendations for augmentation of labour [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of oxytocin alone for treatment of delay in labour [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of oral misoprostol for labour augmentation [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of intravenous fluids with the aim of shortening the duration of labour [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of internal tocodynamometry, compared with external tocodynamometry, in women with augmented labour [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of early amniotomy with early oxytocin augmentation for prevention of delay in labour [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of antispasmodic agents for prevention of delay in labour [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of amniotomy and oxytocin for treatment of confirmed delay in labour [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of amniotomy alone for treatment of confirmed delay in labour [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of amniotomy alone for prevention of delay in labour [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of active phase partograph with a four-hour action line for monitoring the progress of labour [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of a package of care for active management of labour for prevention of delay in labour [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on oral fluid and food intake during labour for women at low risk [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on high starting and increment dosage regimen of oxytocin for labour augmentation [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on continuous companionship during labour [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on augmentation with intravenous oxytocin prior to confirmation of delay in labour [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on adoption of mobility and upright position during labour in women at low risk [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on administration of enema for reducing the use of labour augmentation [2014]
    • WHO recommendations on intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience
    • WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist
    • Births attended by skilled health personnel - Data by country
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Third stage of labor
    • Shoulder dystocia
    • Premature rupture of membranes
    • Premature labor, preterm delivery
    • Postpartum (puerperium)
    • Obstetrics, perinatology
    • Obstetrical forceps, vacuum extraction
    • Obstetrical analgesia and anesthesia
    • Neonatology
    • Maternal and neonatal infections
    • Labor, delivery
    • Induction of labor
    • Home birth
    • Fetal monitoring
    • Fetal distress
    • Episiotomy, perineal trauma
    • Dystocia
    • Cesarean section
    • Cerebral palsy
    • Breech presentation
    • Breastfeeding

Obstetrical analgesia and anesthesia

• Armenia
  • Anesthesiology
    • Establishing Obstetric Anesthesiology Practice Guidelines in the Republic of Armenia: A Global Health Collaboration [2017]
• Belgium
  • Acta Anaesthesiologica Belgica
    • Recommendations and Guidelines for Obstetric Anesthesia in Belgium [2013]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Anaesthetic Agents in Pregnant Women Undergoing Non-Obstetric Surgical or Endoscopic Procedures: A Review of the Safety and Guidelines [2015]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Physiologic Basis of Pain in Labour and Delivery: An Evidence-Based Approach to its Management [2018]
• Eastern Africa
  • Anesthesia & Analgesia
    • Challenges of Anesthesia in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Access to Safe Obstetric Anesthesia in East Africa [2017]
• India
  • Anesthesia, Essays and Researches
    • Practice of Labor Analgesia among Anesthesiologists Across India: Cross-sectional Study [2018]
  • Indian Journal of Anaesthesia
    • All India Difficult Airway Association 2016 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult tracheal intubation in obstetrics [2016]
• Israel
  • Israel Medical Association Journal
    • National Survey of Postoperative Pain Control after Cesarean Delivery [2014]
• Japan
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Factors affecting the provision of analgesia during childbirth, Japan [2019]
• Low and middle-income countries
  • Scientific Reports
    • Outcomes associated with anaesthetic techniques for caesarean section in low- and middle-income countries: a secondary analysis of WHO surveys [2020]
• Norway
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • The provision of epidural analgesia during labor according to maternal birthplace: a Norwegian register study [2020]
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Guideline on pain relief in labour [2014]
• Uganda
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Key bottlenecks to the provision of safe obstetric anaesthesia in low- income countries; a cross-sectional survey of 64 hospitals in Uganda [2017]
• United Kingdom
  • Anaesthesia
    • A national survey of obstetric early warning systems in the United Kingdom: five years on [2014]
  • Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland
    • Regional anaesthesia and patients with abnormalities of coagulation: the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain & Ireland The Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association Regional Anaesthesia UK [2013]
    • OAA / AAGBI Guidelines for Obstetric Anaesthetic Services 2013 [2013]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • A multicentre, randomised controlled trial of position during the late stages of labour in nulliparous women with an epidural: clinical effectiveness and an economic evaluation (BUMPES) [2017]
  • Obstetric Anaesthetists Association
    • Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association and Difficult Airway Society guidelines for the management of difficult and failed tracheal intubation in obstetrics [2015]
  • Royal College of Anaesthetists
    • Guidelines for the Provision of Anaesthesia Services for an Obstetric Population 2019 [2019]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Antenatal and Postnatal Analgesia [2018]
• United States of America
  • Academy of BreastFeeding Medicine
    • Peripartum Analgesia and Anesthesia for the Breastfeeding Mother [2018]
  • American Society of Anesthesiologists
    • Pregnancy testing prior to anesthesia and surgery [2016]
    • Practice Guidelines for Obstetric Anesthesia: An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Obstetric Anesthesia and the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology [2016]
    • Guidelines for neuraxial anesthesia in obstetrics [2013]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendation on relaxation techniques for pain management during labour [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on pain relief for preventing delay in labour [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on oxytocin for prevention of delay in labour in women with epidural analgesia [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on opioid analgesia for pain relief during labour [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on method of pushing (for women with epidural analgesia) [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on manual techniques for pain management during labour [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on epidural analgesia for pain relief during labour [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on birth position (for women with epidural analgesia) [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of oxytocin for prevention of delay in labour in women receiving epidural analgesia [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on pain relief for preventing delay and reducing the use of augmentation in labour [2014]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery
    • Cesarean section

Obstetrical forceps, vacuum extraction

• Australia
  • Clinical Excellence Commission
    • Vacuum Assisted Births – Are We Getting it Right? [2014]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Instrumental vaginal birth
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Instrumental vaginal birth [2016]
• Canada
  • Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada
    • Evolution of Operative Obstetric Delivery in Canada [2019]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Guidelines for Operative Vaginal Birth [2018]
• Japan
  • Medical & Clinical Reviews
    • A review of prerequisites for vacuum extraction: Appropriate position of the fetal head for vacuum extraction from a forceps delivery perspective [2016]
• Nigeria
  • Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research
    • Is there Still a Place for Vacuum Extraction (Ventouse) in Modern Obstetric Practice in Nigeria [2013]
  • Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Declining Rate of Operative Vaginal Deliveries in Nigeria [2018]
• Republic of Korea
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology Science
    • Vacuum extraction vaginal delivery: current trend and safety [2017]
• United Kingdom
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Assisted Vaginal Birth [2020]
• United States of America
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
    • SMFM Special Statement: Operative vaginal delivery: checklists for performance and documentation [2020]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendation against routine antibiotic prophylaxis for women undergoing operative vaginal birth [2015]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery

Postpartum (puerperium)

• Australia
  • O&G Magazine
    • Postpartum psychosis: a practical management guide for obstetricians [2018]
• Canada
  • Perinatal Services BC
    • Postpartum nursing care pathway [2011]
  • Provincial Council for Maternal and Child Health
    • Standards of Postnatal Care
• Ethiopia
  • BMJ Open
    • Spatial patterns and determinants of postnatal care use in Ethiopia: findings from the 2016 demographic and health survey [2019]
  • Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences
    • Utilization and Determinants of Postnatal Care Services in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2019]
• International
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Clinical guidelines for postpartum women and infants in primary care - a systematic review [2014]
  • Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
    • Summary of International Guidelines for Physical Activity Following Pregnancy [2014]
  • PLoS ONE
    • What matters to women in the postnatal period: A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies [2020]
• Low and middle-income countries
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Inequities in postnatal care in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2015]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Length of Stay After Childbirth in 92 Countries and Associated Factors in 30 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Compilation of Reported Data and a Cross-sectional Analysis from Nationally Representative Surveys [2016]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • Observation of Mother and Baby in the Immediate Postnatal Period: Consensus statements guiding practice [2012]
• Norway
  • BMC Public Health
    • Adherence of pregnant women to Nordic dietary guidelines in relation to postpartum weight retention: results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study [2014]
• Rwanda
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Factors associated with postnatal care utilisation in Rwanda: A secondary analysis of 2010 Demographic and Health Survey data [2016]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Opportunities to improve postpartum care for mothers and infants: design of context-specific packages of postpartum interventions in rural districts in four sub-Saharan African countries [2015]
  • Italian Journal of Pediatrics
    • Determinants of postnatal care utilization in sub-Saharan Africa: a meta and multilevel analysis of data from 36 sub-Saharan countries [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Postnatal care [2014]
    • Postnatal care
  • Royal College of Psychiatrists
    • Postpartum Psychosis for Carers [2018]
• United States of America
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Interpregnancy Care [2019]
    • Postpartum Pain Management [2018]
    • Optimizing Postpartum Care [2018]
  • Maternal and Child Health Journal
    • Delivery and Payment Redesign to Reduce Disparities in High Risk Postpartum Care [2017]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendation on routine postpartum maternal assessment [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on postnatal discharge following uncomplicated vaginal birth [2018]
    • WHO recommendations on postnatal care of the mother and newborn [2013]
    • Vitamin A supplementation in postpartum women [2011]
    • WHO technical consultation on postpartum and postnatal care [2010]
    • Vitamin A supplementation in postpartum women
    • Postnatal care
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Postpartum infections
    • Postpartum hemorrhage
    • Postpartum depression, perinatal depression
    • Postpartum and postabortion contraception
    • Labor, delivery
    • Breastfeeding

Postpartum depression, perinatal depression

• Africa
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Epidemiology of antenatal depression in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Epidemiology of postnatal depression and its associated factors in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Postnatal depression in Australian general practice [2006]
  • BMC Psychiatry
    • Enhancing reciprocal partner support to prevent perinatal depression and anxiety: a Delphi consensus study [2016]
  • Department of Health Australia
    • Screening for depressive and anxiety disorders [2018]
• Canada
  • Alberta Health Services
    • Postpartum Depression Screening [2019]
  • BMJ Open
    • Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of major congenital malformations in a cohort of depressed pregnant women: an updated analysis of the Quebec Pregnancy Cohort [2017]
  • Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
    • Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder [2016]
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy and infant outcomes [2018]
  • Perinatal Services BC
    • Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy: Considerations for the Newborn Exposed to SSRIs/SNRIs [2013]
  • Registered Nurses Association of Ontario
    • Assessment and Interventions for Perinatal Depression [2018]
• Denmark
  • Brain and Behavior
    • Trend of antidepressants before, during, and after pregnancy across two decades—A population-based study [2019]
• Developing countries
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Maternal depression and early childhood growth in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis [2011]
• Ethiopia
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence and associated factors of post-partum depression in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
    • Prevalence and determinants of antenatal depression in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]
  • Reproductive Health
    • The epidemiology of postnatal depression in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
• Europe
  • EUROmediCAT
    • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Antidepressants in Pregnancy and Congenital Anomalies: Analysis of Linked Databases in Wales, Norway and Funen, Denmark [2016]
• India
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Postpartum depression in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2017]
• International
  • Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
    • Guidelines on treatment of perinatal depression with antidepressants: An international review [2018]
  • BMC Medicine
    • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use during early pregnancy and congenital malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of more than 9 million births [2018]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Global burden of antenatal depression and its association with adverse birth outcomes: an umbrella review [2020]
• Japan
  • Annals of General Psychiatry
    • Prevalence of perinatal depression among Japanese women: a meta-analysis [2020]
• Low and middle-income countries
  • Best Practice & Research: Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • The content and delivery of psychological interventions for perinatal depression by non-specialist health workers in low and middle income countries: A systematic review [2014]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Postnatal depression and its association with adverse infant health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
• Mexico
  • Salud Pública de México
    • Provider report of the existence of detection and care of perinatal depression: quantitative evidence from public obstetric units in Mexico [2016]
• Nordic countries
  • PLoS ONE
    • Use of SSRI and SNRI Antidepressants during Pregnancy: A Population-Based Study from Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden [2015]
• Norway
  • Nursing Research and Practice
    • Postnatal Depression Is a Public Health Nursing Issue: Perspectives from Norway and Ireland [2013]
• Pakistan
  • Global Women's Health
    • Postpartum Depression in Pakistan: Current State and Future Direction [2018]
• Poland
  • Ginekologia Polska
    • Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of postpartum depression [2020]
  • Psychiatria Polska
    • Recommendations of the Polish Psychiatric Association for treatment of affective disorders in women of childbearing age. Part I: Treatment of depression [2019]
• Singapore
  • Singapore Medical Journal
    • Postnatal depression: a family medicine perspective [2013]
• United Kingdom
  • BMJ
    • Screening for postnatal depression in primary care: cost effectiveness analysis [2010]
  • BMJ Paediatrics Open
    • Variation in the management of SSRI-exposed babies across England [2018]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • A systematic review, evidence synthesis and meta-analysis of quantitative and qualitative studies evaluating the clinical effectiveness, the cost-effectiveness, safety and acceptability of interventions to prevent postnatal depression [2016]
  • Royal College of Psychiatrists
    • Postnatal depression information for carers [2018]
• United States of America
  • Academy of BreastFeeding Medicine
    • Use of Antidepressants in Breastfeeding Mothers [2015]
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [2019]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Incorporating Recognition and Management of Perinatal Depression Into Pediatric Practice [2019]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Screening for Perinatal Depression [2018]
  • American Psychiatric Association
    • The management of depression during pregnancy: a report from the American Psychiatric Association and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [2009]
  • Archives of Women's Mental Health
    • Perinatal Depression: A Review of U.S. Legislation and Law [2013]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Vital Signs: Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Provider Discussions About Perinatal Depression — United States, 2018 [2020]
    • Trends in Postpartum Depressive Symptoms — 27 States, 2004, 2008, and 2012 [2017]
  • JAMA - The Journal of the American Medical Association
    • Primary Care Screening for and Treatment of Depression in Pregnant and Postpartum Women: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force [2016]
  • Journal of Affective Disorders
    • Summary diagnostic validity of commonly used maternal major depression disorder case finding instruments in the United States: A meta-analysis [2016]
    • Diagnostic performance of major depression disorder case-finding instruments used among mothers of young children in the United States: A systematic review [2016]
  • Journal of Perinatology
    • Disparities in antidepressant use in pregnancy [2014]
  • Medicaid
    • Maternal Depression Screening and Treatment: A Critical Role for Medicaid in the Care of Mothers and Children [2016]
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
    • Perinatal Depression: Preventive Interventions [2019]
    • Depression in Adults: Screening [2016]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Postpartum (puerperium)
    • Neurologic and mental disorders in pregnancy

Postpartum hemorrhage

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Misoprostol for post-partum haemorrhage in the Australian bush [2014]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Trends and outcomes of postpartum haemorrhage, 2003-2011 [2015]
  • NSW Health
    • Prevention, Detection, Escalation and Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) [2017]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Primary postpartum haemorrhage
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage [2017]
• Bangladesh
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Modeling maternal mortality in Bangladesh: the role of misoprostol in postpartum hemorrhage prevention [2014]
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Acta Informatica Medica
    • Application of Agree II Instrument for Appraisal of Postpartum Hemorrhage Clinical Practice Guidelines in Bosnia and Herzegovina [2016]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Viscoelastometric Point-of-Care Testing for Vascular Surgery and Obstetrics: A Review of Clinical Utility and Guidelines [2016]
    • Hydroxyethyl Starch Use for Patients with Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, and Guidelines [2014]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Active Management of the Third Stage of Labour: Prevention and Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage [2018]
• Canada, France
  • PLoS ONE
    • Postpartum Haemorrhage in Canada and France: A Population-Based Comparison [2013]
• Cuba
  • MEDICC Review
    • Zero in on postpartum hemorrhage to reduce Cuba's maternal mortality [2015]
• Developing countries
  • Reproductive Health
    • Barriers or gaps in implementation of misoprostol use for post-abortion care and post-partum hemorrhage prevention in developing countries: a systematic review [2017]
• France
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Invasive therapies for primary postpartum haemorrhage: a population-based study in France [2016]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Incidence of immediate postpartum hemorrhages in French maternity units: a prospective observational study (HERA study) [2016]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Variations in Postpartum Hemorrhage Management among Midwives: A National Vignette-Based Study [2016]
    • Staff and Institutional Factors Associated with Substandard Care in the Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage [2016]
• Ghana
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Experiencing challenges when implementing Active Management of Third Stage of Labor (AMTSL): a qualitative study with midwives in Accra, Ghana [2014]
• International
  • Anesthesia & Analgesia
    • National and International Guidelines for Patient Blood Management in Obstetrics: A Qualitative Review [2017]
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Comparison of postpartum haemorrhage guidelines: discrepancies underline our lack of knowledge [2017]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Misoprostol for postpartum hemorrhage prevention at home birth: an integrative review of global implementation experience to date [2013]
    • Trends in postpartum hemorrhage in high resource countries: a review and recommendations from the International Postpartum Hemorrhage Collaborative Group [2009]
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Misoprostol to prevent and treat postpartum haemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal deaths and dose-related effects [2009]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Are national policies and programs for prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage and preeclampsia adequate? A key informant survey in 37 countries [2014]
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • FIGO's updated recommendations for misoprostol used alone in gynecology and obstetrics [2017]
    • ICM and FIGO joint statement on the use of misoprostol for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2014]
    • Postpartum Haemorrhage Initiative
  • Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
    • Management of coagulopathy associated with postpartum hemorrhage: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH [2016]
  • Network for the Advancement of Patient Blood Management, Haemostasis and Thrombosis
    • Patient blood management in obstetrics: prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage. A NATA consensus statement [2019]
  • New England Journal of Medicine
    • Heat-Stable Carbetocin versus Oxytocin to Prevent Hemorrhage after Vaginal Birth [2018]
  • Oxford Maternal and Perinatal Health Institute
    • The evidence-based management of Postpartum Haemorrhage [2013]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Would you like to participate in this trial? The practice of informed consent in intrapartum research in the last 30 years [2020]
    • What matters to women and healthcare providers in relation to interventions for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage: A qualitative systematic review [2019]
  • Vaccine
    • Postpartum haemorrhage: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data [2016]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Guideline on the Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage, HSE Home Birth Service [2018]
    • Prevention and Management of Primary Postpartum Haemorrhage [2012]
• Italy
  • La Clinica Terapeutica
    • The daily-practiced post-partum hemorrhage management: an Italian multidisciplinary attended protocol [2017]
• Kazakhstan
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • The impact of the implementation of the postpartum haemorrhage management guidelines at the first regional perinatal centre in Southern Kazakhstan [2016]
• Kosovo
  • BMC Public Health
    • Navigating barriers: two-year follow up on recommendations to improve the use of maternal health guidelines in Kosovo [2016]
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • PLoS ONE
    • Oxytocin in Uniject Disposable Auto-Disable Injection System versus Standard Use for the Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis [2015]
• Low-income countries
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Barriers and facilitators to the quality use of essential medicines for maternal health in low–resource countries: An Ishikawa framework [2015]
• Low-resource settings
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Prevention of postpartum haemorrhage: cost consequences analysis of misoprostol in low-resource settings [2015]
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • Prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in low-resource settings: current perspectives [2013]
• Netherlands
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Development of a tailored strategy to improve postpartum hemorrhage guideline adherence [2018]
    • Incidence, management and outcome of women requiring massive transfusion after childbirth in the Netherlands: secondary analysis of a nationwide cohort study between 2004 and 2006 [2017]
    • Influencing factors for high quality care on postpartum haemorrhage in the Netherlands: patient and professional perspectives [2015]
    • Postpartum haemorrhage in midwifery care in the Netherlands: validation of quality indicators for midwifery guidelines [2014]
    • The development of quality indicators for the prevention and management of postpartum haemorrhage in primary midwifery care in the Netherlands [2013]
  • British Journal of Anaesthesia
    • Peri-partum reference ranges for ROTEM® thromboelastometry [2014]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • National Consensus Guideline for Treatment of Postpartum Haemorrhage [2013]
• Niger, Mali
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Improving postpartum care for mothers and newborns in Niger and Mali: a case study of an integrated maternal and newborn improvement programme [2014]
• Nigeria
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Maternal near-miss and death among women with postpartum haemorrhage: a secondary analysis of the Nigeria Near-miss and Maternal Death Survey [2019]
• Philippines
  • Department of Health Philippines
    • Carbetocin for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage: Technology Review [2018]
• Senegal, Mali
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Factors associated with postpartum hemorrhage maternal death in referral hospitals in Senegal and Mali: a cross-sectional epidemiological survey [2015]
• Sierra Leone
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Use of prophylactic uterotonics during the third stage of labor: a survey of provider practices in community health facilities in Sierra Leone [2016]
• Singapore
  • Singapore Medical Journal
    • Implementation of an obstetric cell salvage service in a tertiary women’s hospital [2015]
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Management of postpartum haemorrhage [2014]
• Tanzania
  • Reproductive Health
    • Improvement in the active management of the third stage of labor for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study [2018]
• Uganda
  • PLoS ONE
    • Measuring Post-Partum Haemorrhage in Low-Resource Settings: The Diagnostic Validity of Weighed Blood Loss versus Quantitative Changes in Hemoglobin [2016]
    • Potential Cost-Effectiveness of Prenatal Distribution of Misoprostol for Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Uganda [2015]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Incidence and risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage in Uganda [2016]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Incidence of postpartum haemorrhage defined by quantitative blood loss measurement: a national cohort [2020]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Uterotonic drugs to prevent postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis [2019]
  • Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
    • Management of obstetric postpartum hemorrhage: a national service evaluation of current practice in the UK [2017]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Postpartum Haemorrhage, Prevention and Management [2016]
    • The Role of Emergency and Elective Interventional Radiology in Postpartum Haemorrhage [2007]
• United States of America
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage: Current State of the Evidence [2016]
    • Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage [2015]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Quantitative Blood Loss in Obstetric Hemorrhage [2019]
  • American Family Physician
    • Postpartum Hemorrhage: Prevention and Treatment [2017]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendation on routes of oxytocin administration for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage after vaginal birth [2020]
    • WHO recommendation on advance misoprostol distribution to pregnant women for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage [2020]
    • Appropriate storage and management of oxytocin – a key commodity for maternal health. WHO/UNICEF/UNFPA Joint Statement [2019]
    • WHO recommendations: uterotonics for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on uterine tonus assessment for early identification of uterine atony [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on uterine massage for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on tranexamic acid for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2017]
    • Postpartum haemorrhage management, risks, and maternal outcomes: findings from the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of simulations of PPH treatment for pre-service and in-service training programmes [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on monitoring the use of uterotonics after birth for the prevention of PPH [2012]
    • WHO recommendations for the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the uterotonic drug of choice for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the uterotonic drug of choice for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in settings where skilled birth attendants are not present and oxytocin is unavailable [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the uterotonic drug of choice for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in settings where oxytocin is unavailable [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the uterotonic drug of choice for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in caesarean section [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the uterotonic drug of choice for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of uterotonics for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage if intravenous oxytocin is unavailable, or if the bleeding does not respond to oxytocin [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of uterotonics for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) during the third stage of labour [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of uterine packing for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of uterine massage for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of uterine artery embolization for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of sustained uterine massage in women who have received prophylactic oxytocin for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of surgical interventions for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of non-pneumatic anti-shock garments for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of intrauterine balloon tamponade for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of formal protocols for referral of women to a higher level of care [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of formal protocols by health facilities for the prevention and treatment of PPH [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of fluid replacement for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of external aortic compression for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of bimanual uterine compression for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on controlled cord traction after vaginal birth for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in settings where skilled birth attendants are unavailable [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on controlled cord traction after vaginal birth for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in settings where skilled birth attendants are available [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on abdominal uterine tonus assessment for early identification of uterine atony [2012]
    • WHO statement regarding the use of misoprostol for postpartum haemorrhage prevention and treatment [2009]
    • WHO guidelines for the management of postpartum haemorrhage and retained placenta [2009]
    • Managing postpartum haemorrhage [2008]
    • Prevention of postpartum haemorrhage by active management of third stage of labour [2006]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Postpartum (puerperium)
    • Bleeding in pregnancy, placenta diseases

Premature labor, preterm delivery

• Australia
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • The shortened cervix in pregnancy: Investigation and current management recommendations for primary caregivers [2019]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Barriers and enablers to implementing antenatal magnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection guidelines: a study using the theoretical domains framework [2015]
  • Department of Health Australia
    • Risk of preterm birth [2018]
  • NSW Health
    • Management of Threatened Preterm Labour [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • The elements of success in a comprehensive state-wide program to safely reduce the rate of preterm birth [2020]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Preterm labour and birth
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Progesterone: Use in the second and third trimester of pregnancy for the prevention of preterm birth [2017]
    • Measurement of cervical length for prediction of preterm birth [2017]
• Austria
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Statement by the OEGGG with Review of the Literature on the Mode of Delivery of Premature Infants at the Limit of Viability [2018]
• Brazil
  • PLoS ONE
    • The Burden of Provider-Initiated Preterm Birth and Associated Factors: Evidence from the Brazilian Multicenter Study on Preterm Birth (EMIP) [2016]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Prevalence and risk factors related to preterm birth in Brazil [2016]
• Canada
  • Alberta Health Services
    • Clinical Assessment of ‘At Risk” or Actual Preterm Labour for Triage [2018]
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • How often are late preterm births the result of non-evidence based practices: analysis from a retrospective cohort study at two tertiary referral centres in a nationalised healthcare system [2013]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Magnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection: benefits and challenges of a systematic knowledge translation project in Canada [2015]
  • Institute of Health Economics
    • Post-Policy Implementation Review of Rapid Fetal Fibronectin (fFN) Testing for Preterm Labour in Alberta [2016]
  • Provincial Council for Maternal and Child Health
    • Late Pre-Term Birth
    • Fetal Fibronectin Testing
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Sonographic Cervical Length in Singleton Pregnancies: Techniques and Clinical Applications [2020]
    • Progesterone for Prevention of Spontaneous Preterm Birth [2020]
    • Universal Cervical Length Screening [2019]
    • Magnesium Sulphate for Fetal Neuroprotection [2019]
    • Ultrasonographic Cervical Length Assessment in Predicting Preterm Birth in Singleton Pregnancies [2018]
    • Obstetric Management at Borderline Viability [2017]
• Chile
  • BioMed Research International
    • Increase in Preterm Birth during Demographic Transition in Chile from 1991 to 2012 [2015]
• China
  • BMJ Open
    • Incidence and trend of preterm birth in China, 1990–2016: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
  • Environment International
    • Ambient temperature and the risk of preterm birth: A national birth cohort study in the mainland China [2020]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Rate of gestational weight gain and preterm birth in relation to prepregnancy body mass indices and trimester: a follow-up study in China [2016]
  • Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Risk factors associated with late preterm births in the underdeveloped region of China: A cohort study and systematic review [2015]
• Denmark
  • Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Preterm fetal monitoring [2019]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Epidemiology of preterm birth in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
• Europe
  • Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • What contributes to disparities in the preterm birth rate in European countries? [2015]
  • European Standards of Care for Newborn Health
    • Information provision for women about the risk for preterm birth (PTB) [2018]
  • Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
    • Guidelines for the management of spontaneous preterm labor: identification of spontaneous preterm labor, diagnosis of preterm premature rupture of membranes, and preventive tools for preterm birth [2011]
• France
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Antenatal magnesium sulphate administration for fetal neuroprotection: a French national survey [2017]
  • Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
    • Cost-effectiveness of diagnostic tests for threatened preterm labor in singleton pregnancy in France [2018]
• Germany
  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
    • The Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Premature Labor [2013]
• Germany, Switzerland, Austria
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Prevention and Therapy of Preterm Birth. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/025, February 2019) – Part 1 with Recommendations on the Epidemiology, Etiology, Prediction, Primary and Secondary Prevention of Preterm Birth [2019]
• High-income countries
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • The effectiveness of antenatal care programmes to reduce infant mortality and preterm birth in socially disadvantaged and vulnerable women in high-income countries: a systematic review [2011]
• International
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • The worldwide incidence of preterm birth: a systematic review of maternal mortality and morbidity [2010]
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: a systematic review and modelling analysis [2018]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Tocolysis for inhibiting preterm birth in extremely preterm birth, multiple gestations and in growth-restricted fetuses: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2016]
    • Reducing the global burden of Preterm Birth through knowledge transfer and exchange: a research agenda for engaging effectively with policymakers [2016]
    • Born Too Soon: The global epidemiology of 15 million preterm births [2013]
    • Born Too Soon: Preterm birth matters [2013]
    • Born Too Soon: Care during pregnancy and childbirth to reduce preterm deliveries and improve health outcomes of the preterm baby [2013]
    • Born Too Soon: Care before and between pregnancy to prevent preterm births: from evidence to action [2013]
    • Born Too Soon: Accelerating actions for prevention and care of 15 million newborns born too soon [2013]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Mode of delivery and pregnancy outcomes in preterm birth: a secondary analysis of the WHO Global and Multi-country Surveys [2019]
  • Vaccine
    • Preterm birth: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunisation safety data [2016]
    • Pathways to preterm birth: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data [2016]
• Iran
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Assessing the risk factors before pregnancy of preterm births in Iran: a population-based case-control study [2019]
  • Global Journal of Health Science
    • Preterm Delivery and Psycho–Social Determinants of Health Based on World Health Organization Model in Iran: A Narrative Review [2013]
  • Journal of Caring Sciences
    • Investigating the Prevalence of Preterm Birth in Iranian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2017]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Tocolytic Treatment in Pregnancy [2013]
    • Antenatal Magnesium Sulphate for Fetal Neuroprotection [2013]
• Low and middle-income countries
  • Reproductive Health
    • Rates and risk factors for preterm birth and low birthweight in the global network sites in six low- and low middle-income countries [2020]
• Malawi
  • PLoS Medicine
    • The APPLe Study: A Randomized, Community-Based, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Azithromycin for the Prevention of Preterm Birth, with Meta-Analysis [2009]
• Nordic countries
  • Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Progesterone for prevention of preterm birth - NORDIC guideline [2019]
• Norway
  • International Journal of Epidemiology
    • Season and preterm birth in Norway: A cautionary tale [2015]
• Poland
  • Ginekologia Polska
    • Short cervix in twin pregnancies: current state of knowledge and the proposed scheme of treatment [2017]
• Portugal
  • Acta Médica Portuguesa
    • Prevalence of Late Preterm and Early Term Birth in Portugal [2016]
• Republic of Korea
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology Science
    • Practice patterns in the management of threatened preterm labor in Korea: A multicenter retrospective study [2015]
• Taiwan
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • The epidemiologic characteristics and associated risk factors of preterm birth from 2004 to 2013 in Taiwan [2020]
  • Medicine
    • The trends and associated factors of preterm deliveries from 2001 to 2011 in Taiwan [2019]
• United Kingdom
  • Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition
    • Barriers to deferred cord clamping in preterm infants [2014]
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • The influence of the introduction of national guidelines on preterm birth prevention practice: UK experience [2018]
    • Provision and practice of specialist preterm labour clinics: a UK survey of practice [2014]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Three biomarker tests to help diagnose preterm labour: a systematic review and economic evaluation [2019]
    • Rapid fetal fibronectin testing to predict preterm birth in women with symptoms of premature labour: a systematic review and cost analysis [2013]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Preterm labour and birth (Quality standard) [2019]
    • Preterm labour and birth [2019]
    • Biomarker tests to help diagnose preterm labour in women with intact membranes [2018]
  • Obstetrician & Gynaecologist
    • Spontaneous preterm birth prevention in multiple pregnancy [2018]
• United States of America
  • AJP Reports
    • Understanding if, How, and Why Women with Prior Spontaneous Preterm Births are Treated with Progestogens: A National Survey of Obstetrician Practice Patterns [2018]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Clinical Guidance for the Integration of the Findings of the EPPPIC Meta-Analysis: Evaluating Progestogens for Preventing Preterm Birth International Collaborative [2021]
    • Magnesium Sulfate Use in Obstetrics [2016]
  • American College of Radiology
    • Assessment of Gravid Cervix
  • American Family Physician
    • Preterm Labor: Prevention and Management [2017]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Effects of Maternal Age and Age-Specific Preterm Birth Rates on Overall Preterm Birth Rates — United States, 2007 and 2014 [2016]
    • CDC Grand Rounds: Public Health Strategies to Prevent Preterm Birth [2016]
  • Journal of Perinatology
    • The impact of changes in preterm birth among twins on stillbirth and infant mortality in the United States [2014]
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
    • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #50: The role of activity restriction in obstetric management [2020]
    • SMFM Statement: Use of 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate for prevention of recurrent preterm birth [2019]
    • The role of cervical pessary placement to prevent preterm birth in clinical practice [2017]
    • The choice of progestogen for the prevention of preterm birth in women with singleton pregnancy and prior preterm birth [2017]
    • The role of routine cervical length screening in selected high- and low-risk women for preterm birth prevention [2016]
    • Progesterone and preterm birth prevention: translating clinical trials data into clinical practice [2012]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Global, regional and national levels and trends of preterm birth rates for 1990 to 2014: protocol for development of World Health Organization estimates [2016]
    • WHO recommendations on interventions to improve preterm birth outcomes [2015]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of tocolytic treatment for inhibiting preterm labour [2015]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of magnesium sulfate for fetal protection from neurological complications [2015]
    • WHO recommendation on the optimal mode of birth for women in refractory preterm labour [2015]
    • WHO recommendation on routine antibiotic administration for women in preterm labour with intact amniotic membranes [2015]
    • WHO recommendation against routine antibiotic administration for women in preterm labour with intact amniotic membranes for the prevention of peripartum infection [2015]
    • Risk factors for spontaneous and provider-initiated preterm delivery in high and low Human Development Index countries: a secondary analysis of the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health [2014]
    • Born too soon: the global action report on preterm birth [2012]
    • Preterm birth: Fact sheet
    • Global Preterm Birth Estimates
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Premature rupture of membranes
    • Premature infants, low birth weight
    • Newborn respiratory tract diseases
    • Miscarriage
    • Maternal and neonatal infections
    • Labor, delivery
    • Fetal maturation, antenatal corticosteroids

Premature rupture of membranes

• Australia
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Term Prelabour Rupture of Membranes (Term PROM) [2017]
• Canada
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Antibiotic Therapy in Preterm Premature Rupture of the Membranes [2017]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Research Notes
    • High proportions of obstetric referrals in Addis Ababa: the case of term premature rupture of membranes [2016]
• Europe
  • Scientific Reports
    • Unit policies regarding tocolysis after preterm premature rupture of membranes: association with latency, neonatal and 2-year outcomes (EPICE cohort) [2020]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Preterm Prelabour Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) [2013]
• United Kingdom
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Care of Women Presenting with Suspected Preterm Prelabour Rupture of Membranes from 24+0 Weeks of Gestation [2019]
• United States of America
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Premature Rupture of Membranes [2016]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendation on the prophylactic antibiotic of choice in women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes [2015]
    • WHO recommendation on antibiotic administration for women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes for the prevention of peripartum infection [2015]
    • WHO recommendation on antibiotic administration for women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes [2015]
    • WHO recommendation against routine antibiotic administration for women with prelabour rupture of membranes at (or near) term [2015]
    • WHO recommendation on induction of labour for women with prelabour rupture of membranes at term [2011]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Premature labor, preterm delivery
    • Labor, delivery

Shoulder dystocia

• Canada
  • Perinatal Services BC
    • Shoulder Dystocia [2011]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Guideline for the Management of Shoulder Dystocia HSE Home Birth Service [2018]
• United Kingdom
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Shoulder dystocia [2012]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery
    • Dystocia

Third stage of labor

• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Umbilical Vein Injection of Misoprostol for the Management of Retained Placenta: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines [2017]
• Developing countries
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Use of active management of the third stage of labour in seven developing countries [2009]
• International
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • International survey on variations in practice of the management of the third stage of labour [2003]
• Saudi Arabia
  • Annals of Saudi Medicine
    • Current umbilical cord clamping practices and attitudes of obstetricians and midwives toward delayed cord clamping in Saudi Arabia [2017]
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Management of Acute Puerperal Inversion of the Uterus [2014]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Facility-based active management of the third stage of labour: assessment of quality in six countries in sub-Saharan Africa [2015]
• United Kingdom
  • GG&C Paediatric Guidelines
    • Cord clamping guidelines [2018]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Clamping of the Umbilical Cord and Placental Transfusion [2015]
• United States of America
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Timing of Umbilical Cord Clamping After Birth [2013]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping After Birth [2020]
  • Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
    • Is it time to rethink cord management when resuscitation is needed? [2015]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendation on umbilical vein injection of oxytocin for the treatment of retained placenta [2020]
    • WHO recommendation on delayed umbilical cord clamping [2018]
    • WHO recommendation on controlled cord traction [2018]
    • Delayed umbilical cord clamping for improved maternal and infant health and nutrition outcomes [2014]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of prostaglandin E2 alpha for the management of retained placenta [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of ergometrine for the management of retained placenta [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the use of antibiotics for the manual removal of retained placenta [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on the timing of cord clamping after vaginal birth [2012]
    • WHO recommendation on cord traction and oxytocin for retained placenta [2012]
    • Optimal timing of cord clamping for the prevention of iron deficiency anaemia in infants
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery