Obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive medicine guidelines

Labor, delivery, postpartum

Guidelines, reviews, statements, recommendations, standards

 

Breech presentation

• Australia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Uptake of external cephalic version for term breech presentation: an Australian population study, 2002–2012 [2017]
  • NSW Ministry of Health
    • Supporting Women Planning a Vaginal Breech Birth [2017]
    • External Cephalic Version [2017]
• Brazil
  • Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
    • Elective cesarean section for term breech delivery [2015]
• Cochrane
  • Cochrane Library
    • Planned caesarean section for term breech delivery
    • Interventions for helping to turn term breech babies to head first presentation when using external cephalic version
    • External cephalic version for breech presentation before term
    • External cephalic version for breech presentation at term
    • Expedited versus conservative approaches for vaginal delivery in breech presentation
    • Cephalic version by postural management for breech presentation
    • Cephalic version by moxibustion for breech presentation
• Germany
  • PLoS ONE
    • New MRI Criteria for Successful Vaginal Breech Delivery in Primiparae [2016]
• Norway
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Intrapartum monitoring with cardiotocography and ST-waveform analysis in breech presentation: an observational study [2015]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Vaginal breech delivery: results of a prospective registration study [2013]
• United Kingdom
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Management of Breech Presentation [2017]
    • External Cephalic Version and Reducing the Incidence of Term Breech Presentation [2017]
• United States of America
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Mode of Term Singleton Breech Delivery [2018]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery
    • Dystocia

Cerebral palsy

• Canada
  • Implementation Science
    • MAGnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection to prevent Cerebral Palsy (MAG-CP)—implementation of a national guideline in Canada [2018]
• Cochrane
  • Cochrane Library
    • Neonatal interventions for preventing cerebral palsy: an overview of Cochrane Systematic Reviews
    • Antenatal and intrapartum interventions for preventing cerebral palsy: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews
• Developed countries
  • Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
    • A systematic review of risk factors for cerebral palsy in children born at term in developed countries [2012]
• Japan
  • PLoS ONE
    • Relevant Obstetric Factors for Cerebral Palsy: From the Nationwide Obstetric Compensation System in Japan [2016]
• United Kingdom
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Cerebral palsy in children and young people [2017]
    • Selective dorsal rhizotomy for spasticity in cerebral palsy [2010]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Preterm Labour, Antibiotics and Cerebral Palsy [2013]
    • Magnesium Sulphate to Prevent Cerebral Palsy following Preterm Birth [2011]
• United States of America
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Providing a Primary Care Medical Home for Children and Youth With Cerebral Palsy [2014]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Neonatal Encephalopathy and Neurologic Outcome, Second Edition [2014]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Cerebral Palsy
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Newborn nervous system diseases
    • Labor, delivery

Cesarean section

• Australia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Rate of spontaneous onset of labour before planned repeat caesarean section at term [2014]
  • NSW Ministry of Health
    • Timing of Planned or Pre-labour Caesarean Section at Term [2016]
    • Supporting Women in their Next Birth After Caesarean Section (NBAC) [2014]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC)
• Austria
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Labour and Childbirth After Previous Caesarean Section: Recommendations of the Austrian Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OEGGG) [2016]
• Bangladesh
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Reasons for performing a caesarean section in public hospitals in rural Bangladesh [2014]
• Belgium
  • BMJ Open
    • Nationwide population-based cohort study of uterine rupture in Belgium: results from the Belgian Obstetric Surveillance System [2016]
• Brazil
  • PLoS ONE
    • Caesarean Delivery and Postpartum Maternal Mortality: A Population-Based Case Control Study in Brazil [2016]
  • Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
    • Cesarean delivery and small newborn for gestational age [2016]
    • Cesarean on request [2015]
    • Birth route in case of cesarean section in a previous pregnancy [2015]
  • Revista de Saúde Pública
    • Models of childbirth care and cesarean rates in different countries [2011]
  • Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
    • Cesarean sections in Brazil: will they ever stop increasing? [2015]
• Burkina Faso
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • After surgery: the effects of life-saving caesarean sections in Burkina Faso [2015]
    • Readiness of district and regional hospitals in Burkina Faso to provide caesarean section and blood transfusion services: a cross-sectional study [2014]
• Canada
  • Health Quality Ontario
    • Caesarean Delivery Rate Review: An Evidence-Based Analysis [2015]
  • New England Journal of Medicine
    • A Cluster-Randomized Trial to Reduce Cesarean Delivery Rates in Quebec [2015]
• Canada, Spain
  • Implementation Science
    • Evaluation of quality improvement for cesarean section programmes through mixed methods [2014]
• China
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • A descriptive analysis of the indications for caesarean section in mainland China [2014]
  • BMJ
    • Relaxation of the one child policy and trends in caesarean section rates and birth outcomes in China between 2012 and 2016: observational study of nearly seven million health facility births [2018]
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Prior caesarean section and likelihood of vaginal birth, 2012–2016, China [2018]
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • Cesarean section in the People’s Republic of China: current perspectives [2014]
• Cochrane
  • Cochrane Library
    • Wound drainage for caesarean section
    • Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution before cesarean section for preventing postoperative infections
    • Trial of instrumental delivery in theatre versus immediate caesarean section for anticipated difficult assisted births
    • Timing of intravenous prophylactic antibiotics for preventing postpartum infectious morbidity in women undergoing cesarean delivery
    • Techniques for caesarean section
    • Techniques for assisting difficult delivery at caesarean section
    • Techniques and materials for skin closure in caesarean section
    • Surgical techniques for uterine incision and uterine closure at the time of caesarean section
    • Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section
    • Routes of administration of antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing infection after caesarean section
    • Planned elective repeat caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for women with a previous caesarean birth
    • Package of care for active management in labour for reducing caesarean section rates in low-risk women
    • Non-clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section
    • Music during caesarean section under regional anaesthesia for improving maternal and infant outcomes
    • Methods of term labour induction for women with a previous caesarean section
    • Methods of delivering the placenta at caesarean section
    • Mechanical dilatation of the cervix during elective caeserean section before the onset of labour for reducing postoperative morbidity
    • Maternal position during caesarean section for preventing maternal and neonatal complications
    • Interventions at caesarean section for reducing the risk of aspiration pneumonitis
    • Information for pregnant women about caesarean birth
    • Indwelling bladder catheterisation as part of intraoperative and postoperative care for caesarean section
    • Extra-abdominal versus intra-abdominal repair of the uterine incision at caesarean section
    • Elective repeat caesarean section versus induction of labour for women with a previous caesarean birth
    • Early compared with delayed oral fluids and food after caesarean section
    • Different classes of antibiotics given to women routinely for preventing infection at caesarean section
    • Corticosteroids for preventing neonatal respiratory morbidity after elective caesarean section at term
    • Closure versus non-closure of the peritoneum at caesarean section: short- and long-term outcomes
    • Cesarean delivery for the prevention of anal incontinence
    • Caesarean section for non-medical reasons at term
    • Antibiotic prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis for preventing infection after cesarean section
    • Abdominal surgical incisions for caesarean section
• Ethiopia
  • Canadian Journal of Rural Medicine
    • Learning from our Ethiopian colleagues: operative obstetrics for the generalist [2014]
• France
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Appropriateness of elective caesarean deliveries in a perinatal network: a cross-sectional study [2014]
• Germany
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Regional variation in caesarean deliveries in Germany and its causes [2013]
  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
    • Indications for and Risks of Elective Cesarean Section [2015]
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Misoprostol for Labour Induction after Previous Caesarean Section – Forever a “No Go”? [2015]
  • GMS German Medical Science
    • Impact of caesarean section on mode of delivery, pregnancy-induced and pregnancy-associated disorders, and complications in the subsequent pregnancy in Germany [2016]
• International
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Audit and feedback using the Robson classification to reduce caesarean section rates: a systematic review [2017]
    • A global reference for caesarean section rates (C-Model): a multicountry cross-sectional study [2015]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • International migration and caesarean birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2013]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Non-clinical interventions to reduce unnecessary caesarean section targeted at organisations, facilities and systems: Systematic review of qualitative studies [2018]
    • The Increasing Trend in Caesarean Section Rates: Global, Regional and National Estimates: 1990-2014 [2016]
    • Optimal Timing of Delivery among Low-Risk Women with Prior Caesarean Section: A Secondary Analysis of the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health [2016]
    • Obstetricians’ Opinions of the Optimal Caesarean Rate: A Global Survey [2016]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Women’s and communities’ views of targeted educational interventions to reduce unnecessary caesarean section: a qualitative evidence synthesis [2018]
• Iran
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Developing criteria for Cesarean Section using the RAND appropriateness method [2010]
  • Iranian Journal of Public Health
    • Prevalence and Causes of Cesarean Section in Iran: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2014]
  • Journal of Research in Health Sciences
    • Effect of Iranian Ministry of Health Protocols on Cesarean Section Rate: A Quasi-Experimental Study [2013]
• Iraq
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Rates and trends in cesarean sections between 2008 and 2012 in Iraq [2017]
• Ireland
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Differences in nulliparous caesarean section rates across models of care: a decomposition analysis [2016]
  • PLoS ONE
    • National Variation in Caesarean Section Rates: A Cross Sectional Study in Ireland [2016]
• Italy
  • Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità
    • Cesarean section on maternal request: should it be formally prohibited in Italy? [2015]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Vaginal birth after caesarean birth in Italy: variations among areas of residence and hospitals [2018]
• Japan
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Caesarean section by maternal age group among singleton deliveries and primiparous Japanese women: a secondary analysis of the WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health [2016]
• Jordan
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Rising cesarean deliveries among apparently low-risk mothers at university teaching hospitals in Jordan: analysis of population survey data, 2002–2012 [2014]
• Lithuania
  • Medicina
    • Cesarean section rates in Lithuania using Robson Ten Group Classification System [2015]
• Low and middle-income countries
  • BMJ
    • Within country inequalities in caesarean section rates: observational study of 72 low and middle income countries [2018]
  • International Journal of Epidemiology
    • Caesarean delivery and neonatal mortality rates in 46 low- and middle-income countries: a propensity-score matching and meta-analysis of Demographic and Health Survey data [2013]
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Variability in mortality following caesarean delivery, appendectomy, and groin hernia repair in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and analysis of published data [2016]
• Malaysia
  • Medical Journal of Malaysia
    • Rising Caesarean Section Rates in Public Hospitals in Malaysia 2006 [2008]
• Mali
  • PLoS ONE
    • The Free Caesareans Policy in Low-Income Settings: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis in Mali (2003–2012) [2014]
• Mozambique
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Caesarean section rates in Mozambique [2015]
• Netherlands
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Identification of barriers and facilitators for optimal cesarean section care: perspective of professionals [2017]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Modest Rise in Caesarean Section from 2000-2010: The Dutch Experience [2016]
    • Development and Measurement of Guidelines-Based Quality Indicators of Caesarean Section Care in the Netherlands: A RAND-Modified Delphi Procedure and Retrospective Medical Chart Review [2016]
• Peru
  • PLoS ONE
    • Caesarean Section in Peru: Analysis of Trends Using the Robson Classification System [2016]
• Portugal
  • BMC Research Notes
    • Risk of caesarean section after induced labour: do hospitals make a difference? [2013]
• Republic of Korea
  • Journal of Korean Medical Science
    • Changes in the Cesarean Section Rate in Korea (1982-2012) and a Review of the Associated Factors [2014]
• Spain
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • What do popular Spanish women's magazines say about caesarean section? A 21-year survey [2014]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology
    • Cesarean section in sub-Saharan Africa [2016]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Effect of maternal height on caesarean section and neonatal mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa: An analysis of 34 national datasets [2018]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Enhanced recovery after elective caesarean: a rapid review of clinical protocols, and an umbrella review of systematic reviews [2017]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • A randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of intraoperative cell salvage during caesarean section in women at risk of haemorrhage: the SALVO (cell SALVage in Obstetrics) trial [2018]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Insertion of a balloon device to disimpact an engaged fetal head before an emergency caesarean section [2015]
    • Quality standard for caesarean section [2013]
    • Caesarean section [2011]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Birth after Previous Caesarean Birth [2015]
    • Caesarean Section for Placenta Praevia (Consent Advice) [2011]
    • Classification of urgency of caesarean section – a continuum of risk [2010]
    • Caesarean Section (Consent Advice) [2009]
• United States of America
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Future Research Needs for Strategies To Reduce Cesarean Birth in Low-Risk Women [2012]
    • Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: New Insights [2010]
  • American Academy of Family Physicians
    • Planning for Labor and Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Delivery: Guidelines from the AAFP [2015]
    • Cesarean Delivery in Family Medicine (Position Paper) [2015]
    • Vaginal Birth After Cesarean [2014]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Vaginal Seeding [2017]
    • Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery [2014]
    • Cesarean Delivery on Maternal Request [2013]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Maternal Morbidity for Vaginal and Cesarean Deliveries, According to Previous Cesarean History: New Data From the Birth Certificate, 2013 [2015]
    • Trends in low-risk cesarean delivery in the United States, 1990-2013 [2014]
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Preventing the First Cesarean Delivery: Summary of a Joint Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Workshop [2012]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendations: non-clinical interventions to reduce unnecessary caesarean sections [2018]
    • Robson Classification: Implementation Manual [2017]
    • WHO statement on caesarean section rates [2015]
    • Maternal and institutional characteristics associated with the administration of prophylactic antibiotics for caesarean section: a secondary analysis of the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health [2014]
    • Caesarean section without medical indication increases risk of short-term adverse outcomes for mothers: policy brief [2010]
    • Rising caesarean deliveries in Latin America: how best to monitor rates and risks [2009]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Obstetrical analgesia and anesthesia
    • Labor, delivery

Dystocia

• Cochrane
  • Cochrane Library
    • Symphysiotomy for feto-pelvic disproportion
    • Prophylactic manual rotation for fetal malposition to reduce operative delivery
    • Pelvimetry for fetal cephalic presentations at or near term for deciding on mode of delivery
    • Hands and knees posture in late pregnancy or labour for fetal malposition (lateral or posterior)
• International
  • Vaccine
    • Dysfunctional labor: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data [2017]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Managing prolonged and obstructed labour [2008]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Shoulder dystocia
    • Labor, delivery
    • Breech presentation

Episiotomy, perineal trauma

• Australia
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Perineal tears - A review [2018]
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • The effect of implementing a new guideline and operative pro forma on the detection and management of third- and fourth-degree perineal tears [2016]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Perineal care
• Cochrane
  • Cochrane Library
    • Use of endoanal ultrasound for reducing the risk of complications related to anal sphincter injury after vaginal birth
    • Topically applied anaesthetics for treating perineal pain after childbirth
    • Therapeutic ultrasound for postpartum perineal pain and dyspareunia
    • Surgical repair of spontaneous perineal tears that occur during childbirth versus no intervention
    • Selective versus routine use of episiotomy for vaginal birth
    • Secondary suturing compared to non-suturing for broken down perineal wounds following childbirth
    • Routine perineal shaving on admission in labour
    • Rectal analgesia for pain from perineal trauma following childbirth
    • Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma
    • Paracetamol/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period
    • Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period
    • Methods of repair for obstetric anal sphincter injury
    • Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth
    • Interventions for women in subsequent pregnancies following obstetric anal sphincter injury to reduce the risk of recurrent injury and associated harms
    • Continuous and interrupted suturing techniques for repair of episiotomy or second-degree tears
    • Aspirin (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period
    • Antibiotic prophylaxis for third- and fourth-degree perineal tear during vaginal birth
    • Antibiotic prophylaxis for episiotomy repair following vaginal birth
    • Antenatal perineal massage for reducing perineal trauma
    • Antenatal maternal education for improving postnatal perineal healing for women who have birthed in a hospital setting
    • Absorbable suture materials for primary repair of episiotomy and second degree tears
• Jamaica
  • International Scholarly Research Notices
    • Severe Perineal Lacerations in Obstetric Practice: The Effect of Institutional Practice Guidelines on Repair Failures in a Single Centre [2014]
  • Permanente Journal
    • An Audit of Clinician Compliance with Best Practice Recommendations to Repair Severe Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries [2014]
• Netherlands
  • International Urogynecology Journal
    • Choice of mode of delivery in a subsequent pregnancy after OASI: a survey among Dutch gynecologists [2017]
• Saudi Arabia
  • Materia Socio-Medica
    • Rates and Indicators for Episiotomy in Modern Obstetrics – a study from Saudi Arabia [2015]
• Sweden
  • Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care
    • Treatment of maternal birth injuries following vaginal birth [2016]
• United Kingdom
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Third- and Fourth-degree Perineal Tears, Management [2015]
    • Repair of Third- and Fourth-Degree Perineal Tears Following Childbirth (Consent Advice) [2010]
• Vietnam
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Episiotomy rate in Vietnamese-born women in Australia: support for a change in obstetric practice in Viet Nam [2013]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery

Fetal distress

• Cochrane
  • Cochrane Library
    • Tocolytics for suspected intrapartum fetal distress
    • Tocolysis for preventing fetal distress in second stage of labour
    • Prophylactic versus therapeutic amnioinfusion for oligohydramnios in labour
    • Piracetam for fetal distress in labour
    • Operative versus conservative management for 'fetal distress' in labour
    • Maternal oxygen administration for fetal distress
    • Maternal hydration for increasing amniotic fluid volume in oligohydramnios and normal amniotic fluid volume
    • Immediate versus deferred delivery of the preterm baby with suspected fetal compromise for improving outcomes
    • Amnioinfusion for potential or suspected umbilical cord compression in labour
    • Amnioinfusion for meconium-stained liquor in labour
    • Acute tocolysis for uterine tachysystole or suspected fetal distress
• International
  • Vaccine
    • Non-reassuring fetal status: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data [2016]
• Tanzania
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Criteria-based audit to improve quality of care of foetal distress: standardising obstetric care at a national referral hospital in a low resource setting, Tanzania [2016]
• United Kingdom
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Therapeutic amnioinfusion for oligohydramnios during pregnancy (excluding labour) [2006]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Umbilical Cord Prolapse [2014]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery
    • Fetal monitoring

Fetal monitoring

• Australia
  • NSW Ministry of Health
    • Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring [2016]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Intrapartum fetal surveillance
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Fetal Scalp Lactate Testing During Intrapartum Pregnancy with Abnormal Fetal Heart Rate: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines [2018]
• Cochrane
  • Cochrane Library
    • Vibroacoustic stimulation for fetal assessment in labour in the presence of a nonreassuring fetal heart rate trace
    • Near-Infrared spectroscopy for fetal assessment during labour
    • Maternal glucose administration for facilitating tests of fetal wellbeing
    • Intrapartum fetal scalp lactate sampling for fetal assessment in the presence of a non-reassuring fetal heart rate trace
    • Intermittent auscultation (IA) of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well-being
    • Fetal vibroacoustic stimulation for facilitation of tests of fetal wellbeing
    • Fetal pulse oximetry for fetal assessment in labour
    • Fetal manipulation for facilitating tests of fetal wellbeing
    • Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) for fetal monitoring during labour
    • Expert systems for fetal assessment in labour
    • Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour
    • Cardiotocography versus intermittent auscultation of fetal heart on admission to labour ward for assessment of fetal wellbeing
    • Biophysical profile for fetal assessment in high risk pregnancies
    • Antenatal cardiotocography for fetal assessment
    • Admission tests other than cardiotocography for fetal assessment during labour
• Denmark
  • PLoS ONE
    • Can Intrapartum Cardiotocography Predict Uterine Rupture among Women with Prior Caesarean Delivery?: A Population Based Case-Control Study [2016]
• Germany
  • PeerJ
    • What is the “normal” fetal heart rate? [2013]
• International
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Physiology of fetal oxygenation and the main goals of intrapartum fetal monitoring [2015]
    • FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Introduction [2015]
    • FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Intermittent auscultation [2015]
    • FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Cardiotocography [2015]
    • FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Adjunctive technologies [2015]
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Guideline on fetal monitoring in labour [2014]
• United Kingdom
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Critical Imperative for the Reform of British Interpretation of Fetal Heart Rate Decelerations: Analysis of FIGO and NICE Guidelines, Post-Truth Foundations, Cognitive Fallacies, Myths and Occam’s Razor [2017]
  • Royal College of Midwives
    • RCM/RCOG consensus statement on Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM) [2017]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Fetal Scalp Lactate as an Alternative to Scalp pH, Is it Time for UK Obstetricians to Accept [2015]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery
    • Fetal distress

Home birth

• Afghanistan
  • Ministry of Public Health Afghanistan
    • National Guidelines for Safer Home Birth [2005]
• Bhutan
  • WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health
    • Factors associated with delivery at home in Bhutan: findings from the National Health Survey 2012 [2018]
• Canada
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • The Canadian birth place study: examining maternity care provider attitudes and interprofessional conflict around planned home birth [2014]
• Cochrane
  • Cochrane Library
    • Planned hospital birth versus planned home birth
• International
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • Planned home birth: benefits, risks, and opportunities [2015]
• Pakistan
  • Health Research Policy and Systems
    • Is home delivery really preferred? a mixed-methods national study in Pakistan [2015]
• United Kingdom
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Perinatal and maternal outcomes in planned home and obstetric unit births in women at ‘higher risk’ of complications: secondary analysis of the Birthplace national prospective cohort study [2015]
• United States of America
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Planned Home Birth [2017]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Neonatal Mortality of Planned Home Birth in the United States in Relation to Professional Certification of Birth Attendants [2016]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery

Induced labor

• Australia
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Methods of classification for women undergoing induction of labour: a systematic review and novel classification system [2015]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Induction of labour
• Canada
  • Perinatal Services BC
    • Cervical ripening & Induction of Labour [2005]
• Cochrane
  • Cochrane Library
    • Vaginal prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2a) for induction of labour at term
    • Vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening and induction of labour
    • Sexual intercourse for cervical ripening and induction of labour
    • Relaxin for cervical ripening and induction of labour
    • Outpatient versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes
    • Oral prostaglandin E2 for induction of labour
    • Oral misoprostol for induction of labour
    • Oestrogens alone or with amniotomy for cervical ripening or induction of labour
    • Nitric oxide donors for cervical ripening and induction of labour
    • Morning versus evening induction of labour for improving outcomes
    • Mifepristone for induction of labour
    • Methods for assessing pre-induction cervical ripening
    • Membrane sweeping for induction of labour
    • Mechanical methods for induction of labour
    • Intravenous prostaglandin for induction of labour
    • Intravenous oxytocin alone for cervical ripening and induction of labour
    • Intracervical prostaglandins for induction of labour
    • Internal versus external tocodynamometry during induced or augmented labour
    • Induction of labour at or near term for suspected fetal macrosomia
    • Hypnosis for induction of labour
    • Hyaluronidase for cervical priming and induction of labour
    • Homoeopathy for induction of labour
    • High-dose versus low-dose oxytocin infusion regimens for induction of labour at term
    • Extra-amniotic prostaglandin for induction of labour
    • Discontinuation of intravenous oxytocin in the active phase of induced labour
    • Different methods for the induction of labour in outpatient settings
    • Corticosteroids for cervical ripening and induction of labour
    • Castor oil, bath and/or enema for cervical priming and induction of labour
    • Buccal or sublingual misoprostol for cervical ripening and induction of labour
    • Breast stimulation for cervical ripening and induction of labour
    • Antibiotics prior to amniotomy for reducing infectious morbidity in mother and infant
    • Amniotomy plus intravenous oxytocin for induction of labour
    • Amniotomy alone for induction of labour
    • Acupuncture or acupressure for induction of labour
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Guideline on induction of labour [2014]
    • Guideline for use of oxytocin for induction and augmentation of labour [2014]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Reduction in resource use with the misoprostol vaginal insert vs the dinoprostone vaginal insert for labour induction: a model-based analysis from a United Kingdom healthcare perspective [2016]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Which method is best for the induction of labour? A systematic review, network meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis [2016]
  • Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
    • Misoprostol vaginal delivery system (Mysodelle): reports of excessive uterine contractions (tachysystole) unresponsive to tocolytic treatment [2018]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Insertion of a double balloon catheter for induction of labour in pregnant women without previous caesarean section [2015]
    • Induction of labour: misoprostol vaginal delivery system [2014]
    • Induction of labour [2014]
    • Induction of labour in late intrauterine fetal death: vaginal misoprostol (after oral mifepristone) [2013]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Induction of Labour at Term in Older Mothers [2013]
• United States of America
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Elective Induction of Labor [2009]
    • Elective Induction of Labor: Safety and Harms [2009]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Practice Advisory: Clinical guidance for integration of the findings of The ARRIVE Trial: Labor Induction versus Expectant Management in Low-Risk Nulliparous Women [2018]
    • Labor Induction or Augmentation and Autism [2014]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendations for induction of labour [2011]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery

Labor, delivery

• Afghanistan
  • Ministry of Public Health Afghanistan
    • Intrapartum and Emergency Obstetric Care Standards [2004]
• Australia
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Normal birth
• Brazil
  • Reproductive Health
    • Good practices according to WHO’s recommendation for normal labor and birth and women’s assessment of the care received: the “birth in Brazil” national research study, 2011/2012 [2016]
• Canada
  • Perinatal Services BC
    • Core Competencies for Management of Labour [2011]
    • Triage and Assessment Record & Labour Partogram Toolkit
  • Statistics Canada
    • Births and birth rates
• China
  • Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
    • Analyzing the Study of Using Acupuncture in Delivery in the Past Ten Years in China [2014]
• Cochrane
  • Cochrane Library
    • Routine vaginal examinations for assessing progress of labour to improve outcomes for women and babies at term
    • Routine prophylactic drugs in normal labour for reducing gastric aspiration and its effects
    • Pushing/bearing down methods for the second stage of labour
    • Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia
    • Oxytocin versus no treatment or delayed treatment for slow progress in the first stage of spontaneous labour
    • Maternal positions and mobility during first stage labour
    • Labour assessment programs to delay admission to labour wards
    • Intravenous fluids for reducing the duration of labour in low risk nulliparous women
    • Interventions for ketosis during labour
    • Immersion in water during labour and birth
    • High dose versus low dose oxytocin for augmentation of delayed labour
    • Fundal pressure during the second stage of labour
    • Enemas during labour
    • Effect of partograph use on outcomes for women in spontaneous labour at term and their babies
    • Early amniotomy and early oxytocin for prevention of, or therapy for, delay in first stage spontaneous labour compared with routine care
    • Continuous support for women during childbirth
    • Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes
    • Antispasmodics for labour
    • Amniotomy for shortening spontaneous labour
    • Alternative versus conventional institutional settings for birth
• Ethiopia
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • Factors associated with institutional delivery service utilization in Ethiopia [2016]
• Europe
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Wide differences in mode of delivery within Europe: risk-stratified analyses of aggregated routine data from the Euro-Peristat study [2016]
• India
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Effectiveness of the WHO SCC on improving adherence to essential practices during childbirth, in resource constrained settings [2016]
    • Adherence to evidence based care practices for childbirth before and after a quality improvement intervention in health facilities of Rajasthan, India [2014]
• International
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • WHO model of intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience: Transforming care of women and babies for improved health and well-being [2018]
    • Cervical dilatation patterns of ‘low-risk’ women with spontaneous labour and normal perinatal outcomes: a systematic review [2017]
  • European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
    • Duration of spontaneous labour in ‘low-risk’ women with ‘normal’ perinatal outcomes: A systematic review [2018]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Mapping the Prevalence and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Women Who Deliver Alone: Evidence From Demographic and Health Surveys From 80 Countries [2016]
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • Management of the second stage of labor [2012]
  • International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
    • Formative research and development of innovative tools for “Better Outcomes in Labour Difficulty” (BOLD) [2017]
  • PLoS ONE
    • What matters to women during childbirth: A systematic qualitative review [2018]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Effectiveness of respectful care policies for women using routine intrapartum services: a systematic review [2018]
• Ireland
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Regional variation in obstetrical intervention for hospital birth in the Republic of Ireland, 2005--2009 [2012]
• Japan
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • A cross-sectional survey of policies guiding second stage labor in urban Japanese hospitals, clinics and midwifery birth centers [2016]
• Low and middle-income countries
  • Cochrane Library
    • Factors that influence the provision of intrapartum and postnatal care by skilled birth attendants in low- and middle-income countries: a qualitative evidence synthesis
• Nigeria
  • Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research
    • Spousal Participation in Labor and Delivery in Nigeria [2014]
• Nigeria, Uganda
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Cervical dilatation over time is a poor predictor of severe adverse birth outcomes: a diagnostic accuracy study [2018]
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Management of Labour [2014]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Progression of the first stage of spontaneous labour: A prospective cohort study in two sub-Saharan African countries [2018]
• Taiwan
  • Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • A proposed mother-friendly childbirth model for Taiwanese women and obstetricians' attitudes toward it [2015]
• Thai-Myanmar border
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Quality of intrapartum care by skilled birth attendants in a refugee clinic on the Thai-Myanmar border: a survey using WHO Safe Motherhood Needs Assessment [2015]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • What influences birth place preferences, choices and decision-making amongst healthy women with straightforward pregnancies in the UK? A qualitative evidence synthesis using a ‘best fit’ framework approach [2017]
    • Women’s birth place preferences in the United Kingdom: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of the quantitative literature [2016]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Intrapartum care for healthy women and babies [2017]
    • Intrapartum care [2017]
    • Intrapartum care
  • Royal College of Midwives
    • Evidence based guidelines for midwifery-led care in labour: immersion in water for labour and birth [2012]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Operative Vaginal Delivery (Consent Advice) [2010]
    • Safer Childbirth Minimum Standards for the Organisation and Delivery of Care in Labour [2007]
• United States of America
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Immersion in Water During Labor and Delivery [2014]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Approaches to Limit Intervention During Labor and Birth [2017]
    • Immersion in Water During Labor and Delivery [2016]
    • Nonmedically Indicated Early-Term Deliveries [2013]
    • Medically Indicated Late-Preterm and Early-Term Deliveries [2013]
  • American Family Physician
    • Management of Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery [2015]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Births - Method of Delivery
  • Journal of Perinatal Education
    • Birth, Bath, and Beyond: The Science and Safety of Water Immersion During Labor and Birth [2014]
  • North Carolina Medical Journal
    • The perinatal quality collaborative of North Carolina's 39 weeks project: a quality improvement program to decrease elective deliveries before 39 weeks of gestation [2014]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendations: intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience [2018]
    • Companion of choice during labour and childbirth for improved quality of care [2016]
    • WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist Implementation Guide [2015]
    • WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist [2015]
    • Recommendations for Augmentation of Labour [2015]
    • WHO recommendations for augmentation of labour [2014]
    • Care in normal birth: a practical guide [1996]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Third stage of labor
    • Shoulder dystocia
    • Premature rupture of membranes
    • Premature labor, preterm delivery
    • Postpartum (puerperium)
    • Obstetrics, perinatology
    • Obstetrical forceps, vacuum extraction
    • Obstetrical analgesia and anesthesia
    • Neonatology
    • Maternal and neonatal infections
    • Labor, delivery
    • Induced labor
    • Home birth
    • Fetal monitoring
    • Fetal distress
    • Episiotomy, perineal trauma
    • Dystocia
    • Cesarean section
    • Cerebral palsy
    • Breech presentation
    • Breastfeeding

Obstetrical analgesia and anesthesia

• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Anaesthetic Agents in Pregnant Women Undergoing Non-Obstetric Surgical or Endoscopic Procedures: A Review of the Safety and Guidelines [2015]
  • Perinatal Services BC
    • Pain Management Options During Labour [2007]
• Cochrane
  • Cochrane Library
    • Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain relief in labour
    • Techniques for preventing hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section
    • Supplemental oxygen for caesarean section during regional anaesthesia
    • Spinal versus epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section
    • Relaxation techniques for pain management in labour
    • Regional versus general anaesthesia for caesarean section
    • Prophylactic intravenous preloading for regional analgesia in labour
    • Position in the second stage of labour for women with epidural anaesthesia
    • Patient-controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour
    • Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour
    • Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews
    • Oxytocin augmentation of labour in women with epidural analgesia for reducing operative deliveries
    • Oral analgesia for relieving post-caesarean pain
    • Non-opioid drugs for pain management in labour
    • Massage, reflexology and other manual methods for pain management in labour
    • Local anaesthetic wound infiltration and abdominal nerves block during caesarean section for postoperative pain relief
    • Local anaesthetic nerve block for pain management in labour
    • Intracutaneous or subcutaneous sterile water injection compared with blinded controls for pain management in labour
    • Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section
    • Inhaled analgesia for pain management in labour
    • Hypnosis for pain management during labour and childbirth
    • Hyperbaric versus isobaric bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section
    • Epidural versus non-epidural analgesia for pain relief in labour
    • Early versus late initiation of epidural analgesia for labour
    • Discontinuation of epidural analgesia late in labour for reducing the adverse delivery outcomes associated with epidural analgesia
    • Complementary and alternative therapies for pain management in labour
    • Combined spinal-epidural versus epidural analgesia in labour
    • Biofeedback for pain management during labour
    • Automated mandatory bolus versus basal infusion for maintenance of epidural analgesia in labour
    • Aromatherapy for pain management in labour
    • Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management in labour
• Eastern Africa
  • Anesthesia & Analgesia
    • Challenges of Anesthesia in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Access to Safe Obstetric Anesthesia in East Africa [2017]
• India
  • Anesthesia, Essays and Researches
    • Practice of Labor Analgesia among Anesthesiologists Across India: Cross-sectional Study [2018]
  • Indian Journal of Anaesthesia
    • All India Difficult Airway Association 2016 guidelines for the management of unanticipated difficult tracheal intubation in obstetrics [2016]
• Israel
  • Israel Medical Association Journal
    • National Survey of Postoperative Pain Control after Cesarean Delivery [2014]
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Guideline on pain relief in labour [2014]
• Uganda
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Key bottlenecks to the provision of safe obstetric anaesthesia in low- income countries; a cross-sectional survey of 64 hospitals in Uganda [2017]
• United Kingdom
  • Anaesthesia
    • A national survey of obstetric early warning systems in the United Kingdom: five years on [2014]
  • Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland
    • Regional anaesthesia and patients with abnormalities of coagulation: the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain & Ireland The Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association Regional Anaesthesia UK [2013]
    • OAA / AAGBI Guidelines for Obstetric Anaesthetic Services 2013 [2013]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • A multicentre, randomised controlled trial of position during the late stages of labour in nulliparous women with an epidural: clinical effectiveness and an economic evaluation (BUMPES) [2017]
  • Obstetric Anaesthetists Association
    • Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association and Difficult Airway Society guidelines for the management of difficult and failed tracheal intubation in obstetrics [2015]
    • Clinical Guidelines
• United States of America
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Practice Advisory: Immediate Versus Delayed Pushing in Nulliparous Women Receiving Neuraxial Analgesia [2018]
    • Practice Advisory: FDA Warnings Regarding Use of General Anesthetics and Sedation Drugs in Young Children and Pregnant Women [2016]
  • American Society of Anesthesiologists
    • Pregnancy testing prior to anesthesia and surgery [2016]
    • Practice guidelines for obstetric anesthesia: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Obstetric Anesthesia and the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology [2016]
    • Guidelines for neuraxial anesthesia in obstetrics [2013]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery
    • Cesarean section

Obstetrical forceps, vacuum extraction

• Cochrane
  • Cochrane Library
    • Rapid versus stepwise negative pressure application for vacuum extraction assisted vaginal delivery
    • Choice of instruments for assisted vaginal delivery
    • Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery
    • Analgesia for forceps delivery
• Nigeria
  • Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research
    • Is there Still a Place for Vacuum Extraction (Ventouse) in Modern Obstetric Practice in Nigeria [2013]
• United Kingdom
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Operative Vaginal Delivery [2011]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery

Postpartum (puerperium)

• Canada
  • Perinatal Services BC
    • Postpartum nursing care pathway [2011]
• Cochrane
  • Cochrane Library
    • Schedules for home visits in the early postpartum period
    • Preventive interventions for postnatal psychosis
    • Interventions for treating postpartum constipation
    • Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation
    • Early postnatal discharge from hospital for healthy mothers and term infants
    • Debriefing interventions for the prevention of psychological trauma in women following childbirth
• International
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Clinical guidelines for postpartum women and infants in primary care - a systematic review [2014]
  • Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
    • Summary of International Guidelines for Physical Activity Following Pregnancy [2014]
• Low and middle-income countries
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Inequities in postnatal care in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2015]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Length of Stay After Childbirth in 92 Countries and Associated Factors in 30 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Compilation of Reported Data and a Cross-sectional Analysis from Nationally Representative Surveys [2016]
• Norway
  • BMC Public Health
    • Adherence of pregnant women to Nordic dietary guidelines in relation to postpartum weight retention: results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study [2014]
• Rwanda
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Factors associated with postnatal care utilisation in Rwanda: A secondary analysis of 2010 Demographic and Health Survey data [2016]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Opportunities to improve postpartum care for mothers and infants: design of context-specific packages of postpartum interventions in rural districts in four sub-Saharan African countries [2015]
• United Kingdom
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Postnatal care [2014]
    • Postnatal care
• United States of America
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Postpartum Pain Management [2018]
    • Optimizing Postpartum Care [2018]
  • Maternal and Child Health Journal
    • Delivery and Payment Redesign to Reduce Disparities in High Risk Postpartum Care [2017]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendations on postnatal care of the mother and newborn [2013]
    • Vitamin A supplementation in postpartum women [2011]
    • WHO technical consultation on postpartum and postnatal care [2010]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Postpartum infections
    • Postpartum hemorrhage
    • Postpartum depression, perinatal depression
    • Postpartum and postabortion contraception
    • Labor, delivery
    • Breastfeeding

Postpartum depression, perinatal depression

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Postnatal depression in Australian general practice [2006]
  • BMC Psychiatry
    • Enhancing reciprocal partner support to prevent perinatal depression and anxiety: a Delphi consensus study [2016]
• Canada
  • BMJ Open
    • Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of major congenital malformations in a cohort of depressed pregnant women: an updated analysis of the Quebec Pregnancy Cohort [2017]
  • Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
    • Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder [2016]
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy and infant outcomes [2016]
  • Perinatal Services BC
    • Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy: Considerations for the Newborn Exposed to SSRIs/SNRIs [2013]
  • Registered Nurses Association of Ontario
    • Interventions for Postpartum Depression [2005]
• Cochrane
  • Cochrane Library
    • Psychosocial and psychological interventions for treating antenatal depression
    • Oestrogens and progestins for preventing and treating postpartum depression
    • Interventions (other than pharmacological, psychosocial or psychological) for treating antenatal depression
    • Hypnosis during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period for preventing postnatal depression
    • Antidepressants for preventing postnatal depression
    • Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression
• Developing countries
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Maternal depression and early childhood growth in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis [2011]
• India
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Postpartum depression in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2017]
• International
  • Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
    • Guidelines on treatment of perinatal depression with antidepressants: An international review [2018]
• Low and middle-income countries
  • Best Practice & Research: Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • The content and delivery of psychological interventions for perinatal depression by non-specialist health workers in low and middle income countries: A systematic review [2014]
• Mexico
  • Salud Pública de México
    • Provider report of the existence of detection and care of perinatal depression: quantitative evidence from public obstetric units in Mexico [2016]
• Nordic countries
  • PLoS ONE
    • Use of SSRI and SNRI Antidepressants during Pregnancy: A Population-Based Study from Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden [2015]
• Norway
  • Nursing Research and Practice
    • Postnatal Depression Is a Public Health Nursing Issue: Perspectives from Norway and Ireland [2013]
• Singapore
  • Singapore Medical Journal
    • Postnatal depression: a family medicine perspective [2013]
• United Kingdom
  • BMJ
    • Screening for postnatal depression in primary care: cost effectiveness analysis [2010]
  • BMJ Paediatrics Open
    • Variation in the management of SSRI-exposed babies across England [2018]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • A systematic review, evidence synthesis and meta-analysis of quantitative and qualitative studies evaluating the clinical effectiveness, the cost-effectiveness, safety and acceptability of interventions to prevent postnatal depression [2016]
• United States of America
  • Academy of BreastFeeding Medicine
    • Use of Antidepressants in Breastfeeding Mothers [2015]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Incorporating Recognition and Management of Perinatal and Postpartum Depression Into Pediatric Practice [2014]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Screening for Perinatal Depression [2015]
  • American Psychiatric Association
    • The management of depression during pregnancy: a report from the American Psychiatric Association and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [2009]
  • Archives of Women's Mental Health
    • Perinatal Depression: A Review of U.S. Legislation and Law [2013]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Trends in Postpartum Depressive Symptoms — 27 States, 2004, 2008, and 2012 [2017]
  • Journal of Affective Disorders
    • Summary diagnostic validity of commonly used maternal major depression disorder case finding instruments in the United States: A meta-analysis [2016]
    • Diagnostic performance of major depression disorder case-finding instruments used among mothers of young children in the United States: A systematic review [2016]
  • Journal of Perinatology
    • Disparities in antidepressant use in pregnancy [2014]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Postpartum (puerperium)
    • Neurologic and mental disorders in pregnancy

Postpartum hemorrhage

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Misoprostol for post-partum haemorrhage in the Australian bush [2014]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Trends and outcomes of postpartum haemorrhage, 2003-2011 [2015]
  • NSW Ministry of Health
    • Prevention, Detection, Escalation and Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) [2017]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Primary postpartum haemorrhage
• Bangladesh
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Modeling maternal mortality in Bangladesh: the role of misoprostol in postpartum hemorrhage prevention [2014]
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Acta Informatica Medica
    • Application of Agree II Instrument for Appraisal of Postpartum Hemorrhage Clinical Practice Guidelines in Bosnia and Herzegovina [2016]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Viscoelastometric Point-of-Care Testing for Vascular Surgery and Obstetrics: A Review of Clinical Utility and Guidelines [2016]
    • Hydroxyethyl Starch Use for Patients with Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, and Guidelines [2014]
• Canada, France
  • PLoS ONE
    • Postpartum Haemorrhage in Canada and France: A Population-Based Comparison [2013]
• Cochrane
  • Cochrane Library
    • Uterotonic agents for preventing postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis
    • Uterine massage for preventing postpartum haemorrhage
    • Treatments for secondary postpartum haemorrhage
    • Treatment for primary postpartum haemorrhage
    • Tranexamic acid for preventing postpartum haemorrhage
    • Prostaglandins for preventing postpartum haemorrhage
    • Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage
    • Postpartum misoprostol for preventing maternal mortality and morbidity
    • Oxytocin for preventing postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) in non-facility birth settings
    • Methods for blood loss estimation after vaginal birth
    • Intramuscular versus intravenous prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour
    • Carbetocin for preventing postpartum haemorrhage
    • Breastfeeding or nipple stimulation for reducing postpartum haemorrhage in the third stage of labour
    • Antifibrinolytic drugs for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage
• Cuba
  • MEDICC Review
    • Zero in on postpartum hemorrhage to reduce Cuba's maternal mortality [2015]
• Developing countries
  • Reproductive Health
    • Barriers or gaps in implementation of misoprostol use for post-abortion care and post-partum hemorrhage prevention in developing countries: a systematic review [2017]
• France
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Invasive therapies for primary postpartum haemorrhage: a population-based study in France [2016]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Incidence of immediate postpartum hemorrhages in French maternity units: a prospective observational study (HERA study) [2016]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Variations in Postpartum Hemorrhage Management among Midwives: A National Vignette-Based Study [2016]
    • Staff and Institutional Factors Associated with Substandard Care in the Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage [2016]
• Ghana
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Experiencing challenges when implementing Active Management of Third Stage of Labor (AMTSL): a qualitative study with midwives in Accra, Ghana [2014]
• International
  • Anesthesia & Analgesia
    • National and International Guidelines for Patient Blood Management in Obstetrics: A Qualitative Review [2017]
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Comparison of postpartum haemorrhage guidelines: discrepancies underline our lack of knowledge [2017]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Misoprostol for postpartum hemorrhage prevention at home birth: an integrative review of global implementation experience to date [2013]
    • Trends in postpartum hemorrhage in high resource countries: a review and recommendations from the International Postpartum Hemorrhage Collaborative Group [2009]
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Misoprostol to prevent and treat postpartum haemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal deaths and dose-related effects [2009]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Are national policies and programs for prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage and preeclampsia adequate? A key informant survey in 37 countries [2014]
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • ICM and FIGO joint statement on the use of misoprostol for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2014]
  • Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
    • Management of coagulopathy associated with postpartum hemorrhage: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH [2016]
  • New England Journal of Medicine
    • Heat-Stable Carbetocin versus Oxytocin to Prevent Hemorrhage after Vaginal Birth [2018]
  • Oxford Maternal and Perinatal Health Institute
    • The evidence-based management of Postpartum Haemorrhage [2013]
  • Vaccine
    • Postpartum haemorrhage: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data [2016]
• Italy
  • La Clinica Terapeutica
    • The daily-practiced post-partum hemorrhage management: an Italian multidisciplinary attended protocol [2017]
• Kazakhstan
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • The impact of the implementation of the postpartum haemorrhage management guidelines at the first regional perinatal centre in Southern Kazakhstan [2016]
• Kosovo
  • BMC Public Health
    • Navigating barriers: two-year follow up on recommendations to improve the use of maternal health guidelines in Kosovo [2016]
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • PLoS ONE
    • Oxytocin in Uniject Disposable Auto-Disable Injection System versus Standard Use for the Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis [2015]
• Low-income countries
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Barriers and facilitators to the quality use of essential medicines for maternal health in low–resource countries: An Ishikawa framework [2015]
• Low-resource settings
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Prevention of postpartum haemorrhage: cost consequences analysis of misoprostol in low-resource settings [2015]
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • Prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in low-resource settings: current perspectives [2013]
• Netherlands
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Development of a tailored strategy to improve postpartum hemorrhage guideline adherence [2018]
    • Incidence, management and outcome of women requiring massive transfusion after childbirth in the Netherlands: secondary analysis of a nationwide cohort study between 2004 and 2006 [2017]
    • Influencing factors for high quality care on postpartum haemorrhage in the Netherlands: patient and professional perspectives [2015]
    • Postpartum haemorrhage in midwifery care in the Netherlands: validation of quality indicators for midwifery guidelines [2014]
    • The development of quality indicators for the prevention and management of postpartum haemorrhage in primary midwifery care in the Netherlands [2013]
  • British Journal of Anaesthesia
    • Peri-partum reference ranges for ROTEM® thromboelastometry [2014]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • National Consensus Guideline for Treatment of Postpartum Haemorrhage [2013]
• Niger, Mali
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Improving postpartum care for mothers and newborns in Niger and Mali: a case study of an integrated maternal and newborn improvement programme [2014]
• Senegal, Mali
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Factors associated with postpartum hemorrhage maternal death in referral hospitals in Senegal and Mali: a cross-sectional epidemiological survey [2015]
• Sierra Leone
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Use of prophylactic uterotonics during the third stage of labor: a survey of provider practices in community health facilities in Sierra Leone [2016]
• Singapore
  • Singapore Medical Journal
    • Implementation of an obstetric cell salvage service in a tertiary women’s hospital [2015]
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Management of postpartum haemorrhage [2014]
• Tanzania
  • Reproductive Health
    • Improvement in the active management of the third stage of labor for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study [2018]
• Uganda
  • PLoS ONE
    • Measuring Post-Partum Haemorrhage in Low-Resource Settings: The Diagnostic Validity of Weighed Blood Loss versus Quantitative Changes in Hemoglobin [2016]
    • Potential Cost-Effectiveness of Prenatal Distribution of Misoprostol for Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Uganda [2015]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Incidence and risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage in Uganda [2016]
• United Kingdom
  • Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
    • Management of obstetric postpartum hemorrhage: a national service evaluation of current practice in the UK [2017]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Postpartum Haemorrhage, Prevention and Management [2016]
    • The Role of Emergency and Elective Interventional Radiology in Postpartum Haemorrhage [2007]
• United States of America
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage: Current State of the Evidence [2016]
    • Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage [2015]
  • American Family Physician
    • Postpartum Hemorrhage: Prevention and Treatment [2017]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendation on tranexamic acid for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2017]
    • Postpartum haemorrhage management, risks, and maternal outcomes: findings from the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health [2014]
    • WHO recommendations for the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage [2012]
    • WHO statement regarding the use of misoprostol for postpartum haemorrhage prevention and treatment [2009]
    • WHO guidelines for the management of postpartum haemorrhage and retained placenta [2009]
    • Managing postpartum haemorrhage [2008]
    • Prevention of postpartum haemorrhage by active management of third stage of labour [2006]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Postpartum (puerperium)
    • Bleeding in pregnancy, placenta diseases

Premature labor, preterm delivery

• Australia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Barriers and enablers to implementing antenatal magnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection guidelines: a study using the theoretical domains framework [2015]
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Preterm labour and birth
• Brazil
  • PLoS ONE
    • The Burden of Provider-Initiated Preterm Birth and Associated Factors: Evidence from the Brazilian Multicenter Study on Preterm Birth (EMIP) [2016]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Prevalence and risk factors related to preterm birth in Brazil [2016]
  • Revista de Saúde Pública
    • Increase in preterm births in Brazil: review of population-based studies [2008]
• Canada
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • How often are late preterm births the result of non-evidence based practices: analysis from a retrospective cohort study at two tertiary referral centres in a nationalised healthcare system [2013]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Magnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection: benefits and challenges of a systematic knowledge translation project in Canada [2015]
  • Institute of Health Economics
    • Post-Policy Implementation Review of Rapid Fetal Fibronectin (fFN) Testing for Preterm Labour in Alberta [2016]
  • Perinatal Services BC
    • Preterm Labour [2005]
  • Statistics Canada
    • Preterm live births in Canada, 2000 to 2013 [2016]
• Chile
  • BioMed Research International
    • Increase in Preterm Birth during Demographic Transition in Chile from 1991 to 2012 [2015]
• China
  • Reproductive Health
    • Rate of gestational weight gain and preterm birth in relation to prepregnancy body mass indices and trimester: a follow-up study in China [2016]
  • Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Risk factors associated with late preterm births in the underdeveloped region of China: A cohort study and systematic review [2015]
• Cochrane
  • Cochrane Library
    • Vitamin K prior to preterm birth for preventing neonatal periventricular haemorrhage
    • Terbutaline pump maintenance therapy after threatened preterm labor for preventing preterm birth
    • Specialised antenatal clinics for women with a pregnancy at high risk of preterm birth (excluding multiple pregnancy) to improve maternal and infant outcomes
    • Risk scoring systems for predicting preterm birth with the aim of reducing associated adverse outcomes
    • Repeat digital cervical assessment in pregnancy for identifying women at risk of preterm labour
    • Relaxin for preventing preterm birth
    • Relaxation therapy for preventing and treating preterm labour
    • Prophylactic oral betamimetics for preventing preterm labour in singleton pregnancies
    • Prophylactic antibiotics for inhibiting preterm labour with intact membranes
    • Progestational agents for treating threatened or established preterm labour
    • Probiotics for preventing preterm labour
    • Prenatal administration of progesterone for preventing preterm birth in women considered to be at risk of preterm birth
    • Phenobarbital prior to preterm birth for preventing neonatal periventricular haemorrhage
    • Oxytocin receptor antagonists for inhibiting preterm labour
    • Oral betamimetics for maintenance therapy after threatened preterm labour
    • Nitric oxide donors for treating preterm labour
    • Melatonin for women in pregnancy for neuroprotection of the fetus
    • Maintenance therapy with oxytocin antagonists for inhibiting preterm birth after threatened preterm labour
    • Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus
    • Magnesium sulphate for preventing preterm birth in threatened preterm labour
    • Magnesium maintenance therapy for preventing preterm birth after threatened preterm labour
    • Hydration for treatment of preterm labour
    • Home uterine monitoring for detecting preterm labour
    • Fetal fibronectin testing for reducing the risk of preterm birth
    • Ethanol for preventing preterm birth in threatened preterm labor
    • Elective preterm birth for fetal gastroschisis
    • Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth on maternal and infant outcomes
    • Different treatment regimens of magnesium sulphate for tocolysis in women in preterm labour
    • Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitors for treating preterm labour
    • Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy
    • Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in multiple pregnancy
    • Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth
    • Cervical assessment by ultrasound for preventing preterm delivery
    • Calcium channel blockers for inhibiting preterm labour and birth
    • Caesarean section versus vaginal delivery for preterm birth in singletons
    • Betamimetics for inhibiting preterm labour
    • Bed rest in singleton pregnancies for preventing preterm birth
    • Antenatal lower genital tract infection screening and treatment programs for preventing preterm delivery
• Europe
  • Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • What contributes to disparities in the preterm birth rate in European countries? [2015]
  • Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
    • Guidelines for the management of spontaneous preterm labor: identification of spontaneous preterm labor, diagnosis of preterm premature rupture of membranes, and preventive tools for preterm birth [2011]
• France
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Antenatal magnesium sulphate administration for fetal neuroprotection: a French national survey [2017]
  • Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
    • Cost-effectiveness of diagnostic tests for threatened preterm labor in singleton pregnancy in France [2018]
• Germany
  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
    • The Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Premature Labor [2013]
• High-income countries
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • The effectiveness of antenatal care programmes to reduce infant mortality and preterm birth in socially disadvantaged and vulnerable women in high-income countries: a systematic review [2011]
• International
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • The worldwide incidence of preterm birth: a systematic review of maternal mortality and morbidity [2010]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Tocolysis for inhibiting preterm birth in extremely preterm birth, multiple gestations and in growth-restricted fetuses: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2016]
    • Reducing the global burden of Preterm Birth through knowledge transfer and exchange: a research agenda for engaging effectively with policymakers [2016]
    • Born Too Soon: The global epidemiology of 15 million preterm births [2013]
    • Born Too Soon: Preterm birth matters [2013]
    • Born Too Soon: Care during pregnancy and childbirth to reduce preterm deliveries and improve health outcomes of the preterm baby [2013]
    • Born Too Soon: Care before and between pregnancy to prevent preterm births: from evidence to action [2013]
    • Born Too Soon: Accelerating actions for prevention and care of 15 million newborns born too soon [2013]
  • Vaccine
    • Pathways to preterm birth: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data [2016]
• Iran
  • Global Journal of Health Science
    • Preterm Delivery and Psycho–Social Determinants of Health Based on World Health Organization Model in Iran: A Narrative Review [2013]
  • Journal of Caring Sciences
    • Investigating the Prevalence of Preterm Birth in Iranian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2017]
• Malawi
  • PLoS Medicine
    • The APPLe Study: A Randomized, Community-Based, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Azithromycin for the Prevention of Preterm Birth, with Meta-Analysis [2009]
• Norway
  • International Journal of Epidemiology
    • Season and preterm birth in Norway: A cautionary tale [2015]
• Poland
  • Ginekologia Polska
    • Short cervix in twin pregnancies: current state of knowledge and the proposed scheme of treatment [2017]
• Portugal
  • Acta Médica Portuguesa
    • Prevalence of Late Preterm and Early Term Birth in Portugal [2016]
• Republic of Korea
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology Science
    • Practice patterns in the management of threatened preterm labor in Korea: A multicenter retrospective study [2015]
• United Kingdom
  • Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition
    • Barriers to deferred cord clamping in preterm infants [2014]
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Provision and practice of specialist preterm labour clinics: a UK survey of practice [2014]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Rapid fetal fibronectin testing to predict preterm birth in women with symptoms of premature labour: a systematic review and cost analysis [2013]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Biomarker tests to help diagnose preterm labour in women with intact membranes [2018]
    • Preterm labour and birth (Quality standard) [2016]
    • Preterm labour and birth [2015]
  • UK National Screening Committee
    • Preterm labour screening in pregnancy
• United States of America
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Periviable Birth [2017]
    • Magnesium Sulfate Use in Obstetrics [2016]
  • American College of Radiology
    • Assessment of Gravid Cervix
  • American Family Physician
    • Preterm Labor: Prevention and Management [2017]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Effects of Maternal Age and Age-Specific Preterm Birth Rates on Overall Preterm Birth Rates — United States, 2007 and 2014 [2016]
    • CDC Grand Rounds: Public Health Strategies to Prevent Preterm Birth [2016]
  • Journal of Perinatology
    • The impact of changes in preterm birth among twins on stillbirth and infant mortality in the United States [2014]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Preterm birth [2016]
    • Global, regional and national levels and trends of preterm birth rates for 1990 to 2014: protocol for development of World Health Organization estimates [2016]
    • WHO recommendations on interventions to improve preterm birth outcomes [2015]
    • Risk factors for spontaneous and provider-initiated preterm delivery in high and low Human Development Index countries: a secondary analysis of the World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health [2014]
    • Born too soon: the global action report on preterm birth [2012]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Premature rupture of membranes
    • Premature infants, low birth weight
    • Newborn respiratory tract diseases
    • Miscarriage
    • Maternal and neonatal infections
    • Labor, delivery
    • Fetal maturation

Premature rupture of membranes

• Cochrane
  • Cochrane Library
    • Transabdominal amnioinfusion for improving fetal outcomes after oligohydramnios secondary to preterm prelabour rupture of membranes before 26 weeks
    • Tocolytics for preterm premature rupture of membranes
    • Sealing procedures for preterm prelabour rupture of membranes
    • Planned home versus hospital care for preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes (PPROM) prior to 37 weeks' gestation
    • Planned early birth versus expectant management for women with preterm prelabour rupture of membranes prior to 37 weeks' gestation for improving pregnancy outcome
    • Planned early birth versus expectant management (waiting) for prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks or more)
    • Fetal assessment methods for improving neonatal and maternal outcomes in preterm prelabour rupture of membranes
    • Antibiotics for preterm rupture of membranes
    • Antibiotics for prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term
    • Amnioinfusion for third trimester preterm premature rupture of membranes
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Research Notes
    • High proportions of obstetric referrals in Addis Ababa: the case of term premature rupture of membranes [2016]
• United States of America
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Premature Rupture of Membranes [2016]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Premature labor, preterm delivery
    • Labor, delivery

Shoulder dystocia

• Cochrane
  • Cochrane Library
    • Intrapartum interventions for preventing shoulder dystocia
• United Kingdom
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Shoulder dystocia [2012]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery
    • Dystocia

Third stage of labor

• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Umbilical Vein Injection of Misoprostol for the Management of Retained Placenta: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines [2017]
• Cochrane
  • Cochrane Library
    • Umbilical vein injection for the routine management of third stage of labour
    • Umbilical vein injection for management of retained placenta
    • Tocolysis for management of retained placenta
    • Timing of prophylactic uterotonics for the third stage of labour after vaginal birth
    • Prostaglandins for management of retained placenta
    • Prophylactic use of ergot alkaloids in the third stage of labour
    • Prophylactic ergometrine-oxytocin versus oxytocin for the third stage of labour
    • Placental cord drainage after spontaneous vaginal delivery as part of the management of the third stage of labour
    • Nitroglycerin for management of retained placenta
    • Fundal pressure versus controlled cord traction as part of the active management of the third stage of labour
    • Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes
    • Controlled cord traction for the third stage of labour
    • Alternative positions for the baby at birth before clamping the umbilical cord
    • Active versus expectant management for women in the third stage of labour
• Developing countries
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Use of active management of the third stage of labour in seven developing countries [2009]
• International
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • International survey on variations in practice of the management of the third stage of labour [2003]
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Management of Acute Puerperal Inversion of the Uterus [2014]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Facility-based active management of the third stage of labour: assessment of quality in six countries in sub-Saharan Africa [2015]
• United Kingdom
  • Royal College of Midwives
    • Evidence based guidelines for midwifery-led care in labour: third stage of labour [2012]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Clamping of the Umbilical Cord and Placental Transfusion [2015]
• United States of America
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Timing of Umbilical Cord Clamping After Birth [2013]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping After Birth [2017]
  • Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
    • Is it time to rethink cord management when resuscitation is needed? [2015]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Delayed umbilical cord clamping for improved maternal and infant health and nutrition outcomes [2014]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Labor, delivery