Africa - Asia - Asia-Pacific - Australia - Bahamas - Botswana - Brazil - Burkina Faso - Cameroon - Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire - Canada - Chad - Côte d'Ivoire - Democratic Republic of the Congo - East Africa - East Asia - Eastern and Southern Africa - Eswatini - Ethiopia - Europe - Germany - Ghana - Guinea-Bissau - India - India, Sub-Saharan Africa - International - Italy - Japan - Jordan - Kenya - Lesotho - Low and middle income countries - Low-income countries - Malawi - Namibia - Nigeria - Rwanda - South Africa - South Africa, Zimbabwe - Southern Africa - Sub-Saharan Africa - Tanzania - Thailand - Togo - Uganda - United Kingdom - United States - West Africa - WHO - Zambia - Zimbabwe - {Related topics}

Africa

• AIDS
  • Cost-effectiveness of first-line antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected African children less than 3 years of age [2015]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • What is it going to take to move youth-related HIV programme policies into practice in Africa? [2017]

• UNAIDS
  • Advocacy toolkit — Africa united against childhood HIV — Free to Shine campaign [2020]
  • Empower young women and adolescent girls: Fast-Track the end of the AIDS epidemic in Africa [2015]

Asia

• IeDEA International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS
  • The changing characteristics of a cohort of children and adolescents living with HIV at antiretroviral therapy initiation in Asia [2023]
  • Determining standardized causes of death of infants, children, and adolescents living with HIV in Asia [2020]

Asia-Pacific

• UNAIDS
  • Putting young key populations first — HIV and young people from key populations in the Asia and Pacific region 2022 [2022]

Australia

• Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
  • Pediatric Antiretroviral Guidelines
  • Adolescents and Young Adults with HIV

Bahamas

• Implementation Science
  • Implementing a school-based HIV prevention program during public health emergencies: lessons learned in The Bahamas [2022]
  • Factors influencing implementation dose and fidelity thereof and related student outcomes of an evidence-based national HIV prevention program [2015]

Botswana

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • High risk of adverse birth outcomes among adolescents living with HIV in Botswana compared to adult women living with HIV and adolescents without HIV [2022]

Brazil

• Cadernos de Saúde Pública
  • Late-stage diagnosis of HIV infection in Brazilian children: evidence from two national cohort studies [2013]

Burkina Faso

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Using adult care visits to diagnose HIV infection in children, Burkina Faso [2024]

Cameroon

• AIDS and Behavior
  • Accelerating HIV Prevention in Cameroon: Factors Associated with Sexual Risk Behaviours and Increased HIV Exposure Among 15-19-Year-Old Adolescent Girls [2026]

• Clinical Medicine Insights: Pediatrics
  • Practices of Care to HIV-Infected Children: Current Situation in Cameroon [2019]

• PLOS One
  • Pre-analytical errors during HIV viral load (HIV-VL) and early infant diagnosis (EID) testing in Cameroon [2026]

Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • Brief Report: Sexual Partnership Heterogeneity and HIV Seropositivity Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Cameroon and Côte d'Ivoire: A Partner-Level Latent Class Analysis [2025]

Canada

• British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS
  • Pediatric Therapeutic Guidelines

• Canadian Paediatric Society
  • Management of HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children [2010]

Chad

• BMJ Global Health
  • Optimising adolescents and young adults' utilisation of sexual and reproductive health and HIV services in Chad: a sensemaking approach [2025]

• PLOS One
  • Rethinking HIV care for youth: Insights from qualitative research with youth in Chad [2025]

Côte d'Ivoire

• PLOS One
  • Costs of Care of HIV-Infected Children Initiating Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy before the Age of Two in Cote d’Ivoire [2016]

Democratic Republic of the Congo

• PLOS One
  • Antiretroviral Treatment Program Retention among HIV-Infected Children in the Democratic Republic of Congo [2014]

East Africa

• African Health Sciences
  • Burden of virologic failure, and its determinants among HIV positive children in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• Archives of Public Health
  • Prevalence and associated factors of HIV testing among young (15-24) women in eastern Africa: a multilevel analysis of demographic health survey data (2008-2018) [2022]

• UNAIDS
  • The cost of inaction: The cost of not realizing the HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights of young people in Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda [2026]

East Asia

• BMC Public Health
  • A hybrid of long short-term memory neural network and autoregressive integrated moving average model in forecasting HIV incidence and morality of post-neonatal population in East Asia: global burden of diseases 2000-2019 [2022]

Eastern and Southern Africa

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Status of HIV Epidemic Control Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Aged 15–24 Years — Seven African Countries, 2015–2017 [2018]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Characterizing the HIV care continuum among children and adolescents with HIV in eastern and southern Africa in the era of "Universal Test and Treat": A systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• PLOS One
  • Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and its associated factors among children living with HIV in Eastern and Southern Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• Public Health Reviews
  • Preventing Unintended Pregnancies and HIV Through Self-Care Interventions in East and Southern Africa: Findings From a Structured Review [2025]

• World Health Organization
  • The importance of sexual and reproductive health and rights to prevent HIV in adolescent girls and young women in eastern and southern Africa: evidence brief [2017]

Eswatini

• African Journal of AIDS Research
  • Determinants of viral suppression among young people living with HIV and on antiretroviral therapy in Eswatini: A cross-sectional study [2025]

• AIDS and Behavior
  • HIV Prevention Patterns Among a Population-Based Sample of HIV Negative Young Women in Eswatini [2026]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Determinants of viral load suppression among adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Eswatini: a cross-sectional study [2025]

• BMC Pediatrics
  • Prevalence of HIV testing and associated factors among young adolescents in Eswatini: a secondary data analysis [2022]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Functional Disability, Violence, HIV Status, and Risk Factors for HIV Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women — Eswatini, 2022 [2025]

• Curationis
  • A self-disclosure model for adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV in Eswatini [2025]

• Nutrients
  • Stunting Among HIV-Exposed and HIV-Free Children in eSwatini: A Retrospective Evaluation of Associations with Birthweight, Feeding, and Caregiving Practices [2026]

• World Bank
  • Evaluating the Effectiveness of Incentives to Improve HIV Prevention Outcomes for Young Females in Eswatini: Sitakhela Likusasa Impact Evaluation Protocol and Baseline Results [2020]

Ethiopia

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Mortality and its predictors among human immunodeficiency virus-infected children younger than 15 years receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Burden of anemia and its association with HAART in HIV infected children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]

• BMC Pediatrics
  • Onset and predictors of first-line antiretroviral therapy treatment failure among children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• BMC Public Health
  • Incidence density mortality rate among HIV-positive children on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• BMJ Open
  • Incidence and predictors of attrition among children on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • HIV Serostatus Disclosure and Its Predictors Among Children Living With HIV in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]

• Heliyon
  • Effects of undernutrition on mortality of HIV-infected children after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• IJID Regions
  • Early diagnosis, vertical transmission of HIV and its associated factors among exposed infants after implementation of the Option B+ regime in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care
  • Urban-Rural Disparities in Pediatric HIV Testing Uptake in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey [2026]

• PeerJ
  • Pediatrics HIV-positive status disclosure and its predictors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• PLOS One
  • Prevalence and determinants of under-nutrition among children on ART in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Incidence of lost to follow up among HIV-positive children on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• Scientific Reports
  • Predictors of anemia among HIV-infected children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • First line antiretroviral treatment failure and its association with drug substitution and sex among children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

Europe

• HIV Medicine
  • Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS Treatment Guideline 2016 update: antiretroviral therapy recommended for all children living with HIV [2016]
  • Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines for treatment of paediatric HIV-1 infection 2015: optimizing health in preparation for adult life [2015]

Germany

• Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care
  • Dolutegravir (HIV infection) - Benefit assessment according to §35a Social Code Book V [2017]

Ghana

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • Prevalence and factors associated with awareness and use of HIV self-testing kits among young women aged 15-24 in Ghana [2025]

Guinea-Bissau

• Public Health
  • Clinical presentations and outcomes of HIV-1 and HIV-2 among infected children in Guinea-Bissau: a nationwide study [2024]

India

• BMC Pediatrics
  • Loss to follow-up of HIV-exposed infants for confirmatory HIV test under Early Infant Diagnosis program in India: analysis of national-level data from reference laboratories [2022]

• Inquiry
  • Determinants of Turn-Around-Time for Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV Testing: Retrospective Analysis of National Level PCR Testing Data [2023]

India, Sub-Saharan Africa

• PLOS One
  • Interventions to increase early infant diagnosis of HIV infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

International

• AIDS and Behavior
  • Advancing Adolescent and Young Adult HIV Prevention and Care and Treatment Through Use of Multi-level Theories and Frameworks: A Scoping Review and Adapted HIV Ecological Framework [2024]
  • Examining the Relationship Between HIV-Related Stigma and the Health and Wellbeing of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV: A Systematic Review [2023]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Effectiveness and safety of darunavir and lopinavir for treating children and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review [2026]
  • Barriers and facilitators to HIV prevention interventions for reducing risky sexual behavior among youth worldwide: a systematic review [2022]

• BMC Pediatrics
  • Rates of adherence, adherence measurement, and support services for children and adolescents living with HIV followed in global sites of the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) [2025]

• BMC Public Health
  • Factors influencing antiretroviral therapy adherence among youth living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Prevalence trends of anemia impairment in adolescents and young adults with HIV/AIDS [2024]

• BMC Research Notes
  • Weight-for-age distributions among children with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) multiregional consortium [2020]

• Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS
  • The global epidemiology of adolescents living with HIV: Time for more granular data to improve adolescent health outcomes [2018]

• Frontiers in Pediatrics
  • Effectiveness and Safety of Atazanavir Use for the Treatment of Children and Adolescents Living With HIV: A Systematic Review [2022]

• IeDEA International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS
  • Global HIV prevention, care and treatment services for children: a cross-sectional survey from the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium [2023]
  • Global estimates of viral suppression in children and adolescents and adults on antiretroviral therapy adjusted for missing viral load measurements: a multiregional, retrospective cohort study in 31 countries [2021]

• International AIDS Society
  • Current perspectives on paediatric HIV management from the Mexico International Aids Society Conference, 2019 [2019]

• International Journal of Public Health
  • Retention in Care After Transition to Adult Care for Adolescents and Young Adults With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2025]

• Journal of Medical Internet Research
  • Use of Behavior Change Techniques in Digital HIV Prevention Programs for Adolescents and Young People: Systematic Review [2025]

• Journal of Pediatrics
  • Ethical Aspects of Involving Adolescents in HIV Research: A Systematic Review of the Empiric Literature [2023]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • The time is now to use the tools we have to end AIDS in children [2025]
  • Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir alafenamide in children and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review [2023]
  • Effectiveness and safety of dolutegravir and raltegravir for treating children and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review [2022]
  • Global HIV mortality trends among children on antiretroviral treatment corrected for under-reported deaths: an updated analysis of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS collaboration [2021]
  • Global temporal changes in the proportion of children with advanced disease at the start of combination antiretroviral therapy in an era of changing criteria for treatment initiation [2018]
  • Adolescent pregnancy at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation: a critical barrier to retention on ART [2018]
  • Social protection: potential for improving HIV outcomes among adolescents [2015]
  • Reducing mortality in HIV-infected infants and achieving the 90–90–90 target through innovative diagnosis approaches [2015]
  • Optimizing drugs to reach treatment targets for children and adolescents living with HIV [2015]
  • Achieving 90–90–90 in paediatric HIV: adolescence as the touchstone for transition success [2015]

• Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
  • Safety and efficacy of abacavir for treating infants, children, and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Estimates of the global population of children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected, 2000–18: a modelling study [2019]

• Lancet Infectious Diseases
  • Global, regional, and national estimates of pneumonia burden in HIV-infected children in 2010: a meta-analysis and modelling study [2014]

• Narra J
  • Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of educational programs about HIV prevention on knowledge, attitude, and behavior among adolescents [2024]

• PLoS Medicine
  • The epidemiology of adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV: A cross-region global cohort analysis [2018]
  • Access to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children aged 0–19 years in the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Global Cohort Consortium, 2004–2015: A prospective cohort study [2018]

• Preventive Medicine Reports
  • Prevalence and factors influencing HIV testing behavior in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• UNAIDS
  • The cost of inaction on HIV for children — Their future is on the line [2025]
  • Youth Next Level: guidance to strengthen sustainable youth-led HIV responses [2024]
  • Transforming Vision into Reality: The 2024 Global Alliance Progress Report on Ending AIDS in Children by 2030 [2024]
  • Young people and HIV [2021]
  • Young people’s participation in community-based responses to HIV — From passive beneficiaries to active agents of change [2019]
  • Youth and HIV — Mainstreaming a three-lens approach to youth participation [2018]
  • Improving UNAIDS’ paediatric and adolescent estimates [2018]
  • HIV prevention among adolescent girls and young women [2016]
  • HIV prevention, treatment, care and support for adolescents and youth [2014]
  • Young people

• United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF
  • HIV Statistics - Global and Regional Trends
  • HIV - Paediatric care and treatment
  • Adolescent HIV treatment
  • Adolescent HIV prevention

• Viruses
  • Advances in Pediatric HIV-1 Cure Therapies and Reservoir Assays [2022]

Italy

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • HIV infection among adolescents and young adults in Italy: Epidemiology, viro-immunological and treatment outcomes [2026]

Japan

• Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
  • Current status of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection in Japan [2014]

Jordan

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Sociodemographic factors influencing HIV transmission misconceptions among young Jordanian men: insights from the 2023 demographic and health survey [2025]

Kenya

• EClinicalMedicine
  • Factors associated with viral load non-suppression among treatment-experienced pre-teenage children living with HIV in Kenya: a nationwide population-based cohort study, 2015-2021 [2024]

• PLOS One
  • A national household survey on HIV prevalence and clinical cascade among children aged <=15 years in Kenya (2018) [2022]

Lesotho

• PLOS One
  • Optimizing antiretroviral therapy for children living with HIV: Experience from an observational cohort in Lesotho [2023]

Low and middle income countries

• AIDS and Behavior
  • Systematic Review of mHealth Interventions for Adolescent and Young Adult HIV Prevention and the Adolescent HIV Continuum of Care in Low to Middle Income Countries [2023]
  • Integrated Health Care Delivery for Adolescents Living with and at Risk of HIV Infection: A Review of Models and Actions for Implementation [2023]

• AIDS Care
  • Digital technology for HIV self-management in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of adolescents' preferences [2024]

• Archives of Public Health
  • Prevalence, socio-demographics and service use determinants associated with disclosure of HIV/AIDS status to infected children: a systematic review and meta-analysis by 1985-2021 [2022]

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Estimating age-based antiretroviral therapy costs for HIV-infected children in resource-limited settings based on World Health Organization weight-based dosing recommendations [2014]

• BMC Nutrition
  • Nutritional status and its determinants among adolescents with HIV on anti-retroviral treatment in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

• BMC Pediatrics
  • An analysis of volumes, prices and pricing trends of the pediatric antiretroviral market in developing countries from 2004 to 2012 [2016]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Mortality Among Children Aged 5 Years Living with HIV Who Are Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment — U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, 28 Supported Countries and Regions, October 2020–September 2022 [2023]
  • Pediatric HIV Case Identification Across 22 PEPFAR-Supported Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic, October 2019–September 2020 [2022]

• Frontiers in Reproductive Health
  • Gender differences in HIV knowledge among adolescents and young people in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review [2023]

• IeDEA International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS
  • Rates of adherence, adherence measurement, and support services for children and adolescents living with HIV followed in global sites of the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) [2025]
  • Characterizing adolescent and youth-friendly HIV services: a cross-sectional assessment across 16 global sites [2025]

• Infectious Diseases of Poverty
  • Costs and cost-effectiveness of HIV early infant diagnosis in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review [2022]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Effectiveness, Acceptability and Feasibility of Technology-Enabled Health Interventions for Adolescents Living with HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review [2023]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Models of support for disclosure of HIV status to HIV-infected children and adolescents in resource-limited settings [2018]
  • Attrition of HIV-exposed infants from early infant diagnosis services in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2018]
  • Routine viral load monitoring in HIV-infected infants and children in low- and middle-income countries: challenges and opportunities [2017]

Low-income countries

• BMC Medicine
  • Early infant HIV-1 diagnosis programs in resource limited settings: opportunities for improved outcomes and more cost-effective interventions [2011]

Malawi

• BMC Research Notes
  • Discordance between clinical and immunological ART eligibility criteria for children in Malawi [2014]

Namibia

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • HIV Prevention Program Eligibility Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women — Namibia, 2019 [2021]

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • “If I Take My Medicine, I Will Be Strong:” Evaluation of a Pediatric HIV Disclosure Intervention in Namibia [2015]

• Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care
  • Policy and Programming Towards Addressing Treatment Gaps in Adolescents Living with HIV: A Content Analysis of Policy and Programme Documents in Namibia [2024]

Nigeria

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • Gender differences in comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge and safe sex practices among sexually active young people (15-24 years) in Nigeria: insights from the 2008-2018 demographic and health surveys [2025]

• BMC Pediatrics
  • How are children with HIV faring in Nigeria?- a 7 year retrospective study of children enrolled in HIV care [2015]

• Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
  • National HIV Strategy for Adolescents and Young People 2016 - 2020 [2016]

• PLOS One
  • Pediatric to adult healthcare transitioning for adolescents living with HIV in Nigeria: A national survey [2018]

Rwanda

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS and associated factors among adolescent girls in Rwanda: a nationwide cross-sectional study [2023]

• BMC Public Health
  • Prevalence and factors associated with self-reported HIV testing among adolescent girls and young women in Rwanda: evidence from 2019/20 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey [2022]

South Africa

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • 95-95-95 HIV indicators among children younger than 15 years in South Africa: results from the 2017 national HIV prevalence, incidence, behaviour, and communication survey [2025]
  • Trends and correlates of HIV prevalence among adolescents in South Africa: evidence from the 2008, 2012 and 2017 South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence and Behaviour surveys [2021]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Infrastructural and human-resource factors associated with return of infant HIV test results to caregivers: secondary analysis of a nationally representative situational assessment, South Africa, 2010 [2019]

• BMC Public Health
  • Projected economic evaluation of the national implementation of a hypothetical HIV vaccination program among adolescents in South Africa, 2012 [2016]

• BMJ Open
  • Interventions addressing the adolescent HIV continuum of care in South Africa: a systematic review and modified Delphi analysis [2022]

• IeDEA International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS
  • Abacavir safety and effectiveness in young infants with HIV in South African observational cohorts [2023]

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • HIV and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Incidence Among Adolescent Mothers in South Africa: A Longitudinal Analysis of HIV Prevention Trials Network 068 Data [2022]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Cotrimoxazole guidelines for infants who are HIV-exposed but uninfected: a call for a public health and ethics approach to the evidence [2022]

• Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
  • Virologic Failure among Children Taking Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Containing First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa [2015]

South Africa, Zimbabwe

• UNAIDS
  • The cost of inaction: The cost of not realizing the sexual and reproductive health and rights (including HIV) of young people in Zimbabwe and South Africa [2025]

Southern Africa

• AIDS and Behavior
  • Prevalence and Determinants of Viral Suppression in Young People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Southern Africa: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of HIV Survey Data of 2020 and 2021 [2025]

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • Outcomes of infants starting antiretroviral therapy in Southern Africa, 2004-2012 [2015]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Evidence from two rounds of Population HIV Impact Assessments of progress towards HIV epidemic control in adolescents aged 15-19 years in Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, and Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study [2025]

• PLOS One
  • Temporal Trends in the Characteristics of Children at Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Southern Africa: The IeDEA-SA Collaboration [2013]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• AIDS and Behavior
  • Intersectional Stigma and Implementation of HIV Prevention and Treatment Services for Adolescents Living with and at Risk for HIV: Opportunities for Improvement in the HIV Continuum in Sub-Saharan Africa [2023]
  • Implementation Science for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV among Adolescents and Young Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review [2023]
  • HIV Focused Sexual Risk-Reduction Interventions Targeting Adolescent Boys and Young Men in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review [2023]
  • Adolescent Girls and Young Women's Experiences of Living with HIV in the Context of Patriarchal Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review [2023]

• AIDS Care
  • The path towards an HIV-free generation: engaging adolescent boys and young men (ABYM) in sub-Saharan Africa from lessons learned and future directions [2024]

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • Factors associated with unsuppressed HIV viral load among children under 15 years in sub-Saharan africa: a systematic review [2025]
  • Determinants of HIV related mortality in African children on antiretroviral therapy: clinical and immunological insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• AIDS Research and Treatment
  • A Systematic Review of Digital Interventions to Improve ART Adherence among Youth Living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa [2022]
  • Healthcare Workers' Perspectives on the Barriers to Providing HIV Services to Children in Sub-Saharan Africa [2019]

• American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
  • Severe malnutrition and metabolic complications of HIV-infected children in the antiretroviral era: clinical care and management in resource-limited settings [2011]

• BioMed Research International
  • Health Risk Behaviour among Adolescents Living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2018]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • The prevalence of adverse drug reactions to antiretroviral therapy and associated factors among pediatric patients living with HIV in sub-Saharan African countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• BMC Public Health
  • Prevalence and determinants of HIV testing among adolescent girls and young women in 28 sub-Saharan African countries [2025]
  • Systematic review of cash plus or bundled interventions targeting adolescents in Africa to reduce HIV risk [2024]

• BMJ Open
  • Interventions to improve access to sexual and reproductive health services for adolescents living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review [2026]
  • HIV care cascade of adolescents and young adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2026]
  • Adolescents and age of consent to HIV testing: an updated review of national policies in sub-Saharan Africa [2021]

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • A risk- and needs-based strategy HIV prevention for adolescent girls and young women, WHO African Region [2024]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Survival and HIV-Free Survival Among Children Aged <=3 Years — Eight Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2015–2017 [2020]
  • Trends in Antiretroviral Therapy Eligibility and Coverage Among Children Aged 15 Years with HIV Infection — 20 PEPFAR-Supported Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2012–2016 [2018]
  • Early Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Infants — One Caribbean and Six Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2011–2015 [2016]

• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Point-of-care tests detecting HIV nucleic acids for diagnosis of HIV-1 or HIV-2 infection in infants and children aged 18 months or less [2021]

• EClinicalMedicine
  • Mental health and psychosocial interventions integrating sexual and reproductive rights and health, and HIV care and prevention for adolescents and young people (10-24 years) in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic scoping review [2023]

• Family Medicine and Community Health
  • Implementation of differentiated service delivery for paediatric HIV care and treatment: opportunities, challenges and experience from seven sub-Saharan African countries [2020]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Perspectives and Practice of HIV Disclosure to Children and Adolescents by Health-Care Providers and Caregivers in sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review [2016]

• Global Health Action
  • Interventions targeting sexual and reproductive health and rights outcomes of young people living with HIV: a comprehensive review of current interventions from sub-Saharan Africa [2015]

• Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
  • Informing the measurement of wellbeing among young people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa for policy evaluations: a mixed-methods systematic review [2020]

• IeDEA International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS
  • Variations in the characteristics and outcomes of children living with HIV following universal ART in sub-Saharan Africa (2006-17): a retrospective cohort study [2021]

• Italian Journal of Pediatrics
  • Treatment failure among Sub-Sahara African children living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics
  • Ethical Considerations for Engaging Children and Adolescents Living with HIV in Research in African Countries: A Systematic Review [2023]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Family-Centred Care for Children and Adolescents Living With HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review [2026]
  • Examining barriers to antiretroviral therapy initiation in infants living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa despite the availability of point-of-care diagnostic testing: a narrative systematic review [2024]
  • Prevalence of undiagnosed HIV among children in South Africa, Côte d'Ivoire and Zimbabwe: a model-based analysis to inform paediatric HIV screening programmes [2022]
  • Health-related needs reported by adolescents living with HIV and receiving antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic literature review [2022]
  • Transition from paediatric to adult care of adolescents living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges, youth-friendly models, and outcomes [2017]
  • Scaling a waterfall: a meta-ethnography of adolescent progression through the stages of HIV care in sub-Saharan Africa [2017]
  • Uptake and yield of HIV testing and counselling among children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review [2015]
  • Contemporary issues on the epidemiology and antiretroviral adherence of HIV-infected adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: a narrative review [2015]

• Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care
  • Impact of Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy on Viral Load Suppression and Uptake of DTG-Based Regimen Among Pediatric HIV Patients in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2026]
  • "Sugar Daddy-Marandza" Dynamics and HIV Vulnerability: A Literature Review of Transactional and Intergenerational Sexual Relationships Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa, With a Focus on Mozambique [2026]

• Lancet HIV
  • Estimates of the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV among children living with HIV in Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe from 2015 to 2017: an analysis of data from the cross-sectional Population-based HIV Impact Assessment surveys [2022]

• Lancet Infectious Diseases
  • Perinatally acquired HIV infection in adolescents from sub-Saharan Africa: a review of emerging challenges [2014]

• PLOS One
  • The association between HIV diagnosis disclosure and adherence to anti-retroviral therapy among adolescents living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Barriers and facilitators to anti-retroviral therapy adherence among adolescents aged 10 to 19 years living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • The proportion of loss to follow-up from antiretroviral therapy (ART) and its association with age among adolescents living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • Sex in the shadow of HIV: A systematic review of prevalence, risk factors, and interventions to reduce sexual risk-taking among HIV-positive adolescents and youth in sub-Saharan Africa [2017]

• Reproductive Health
  • Known HIV status among adolescent women attending antenatal care services in Eswatini, Ethiopia and Mozambique [2021]
  • HIV trends and disparities by gender and urban–rural residence among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa [2021]

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Clinical outcomes of HIV-exposed, HIV-uninfected children in sub-Saharan Africa [2016]

• UN Women
  • Investing in adolescent girls’ and young women’s leadership and voice in the HIV response: Case studies and experiences [2023]

• UNAIDS
  • Compendium of Promising Practices on the Role of African Faith Community Interventions to End Paediatric and Adolescent HIV [2023]

Tanzania

• BMC Public Health
  • HIV screening and associated factors among adolescent girls and young women in Tanzania: analysis of the 2022 demographic and health survey data [2025]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Determinants of comprehensive HIV and AIDS knowledge among Tanzanian adolescent girls and young women: a multilevel application of Andersen's behavioral model based on national survey [2025]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Implementation of antiretroviral therapy guidelines for under-five children in Tanzania: translating recommendations into practice [2015]

• PLOS One
  • Determinants of HIV testing uptake among adolescent girls and young women in mainland Tanzania: A stratified analysis of the 2016/17 and 2022/2023 national surveys [2026]

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Epidemiological profile of malnutrition status and spatial distribution of children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Tanzania [2023]

Thailand

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • Attitudes and eligibility of long-acting cabotegravir/rilpivirine treatment among youth living with HIV in a clinical and national cohort in Thailand: a cross-sectional study [2025]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Long-term outcomes of rapid antiretroviral NNRTI-based initiation among Thai youth living with HIV: a national registry database study [2023]

• PLOS One
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Early Infant HIV Diagnosis of HIV-Exposed Infants and Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Children under 24 Months in Thailand [2014]

Togo

• AIDS Care
  • Closing the delivery gaps in pediatric HIV care in Togo, West Africa: using the care delivery value chain framework to direct quality improvement [2016]

Uganda

• African Health Sciences
  • Sexual, reproductive health needs and rights of young people with perinatally Acquired HIV in Uganda [2011]

• BMC Pediatrics
  • Viral load suppression and retention in care among children and adolescents receiving multi-month anti-retroviral therapy refills: a program data review in Uganda [2024]

• Medicine
  • Translation of HIV/AIDS knowledge into behavior change among secondary school adolescents in Uganda: A review [2023]

• Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
  • Pharmacokinetics of Zidovudine Dosed Twice Daily According to World Health Organization Weight Bands in Ugandan HIV-infected Children [2014]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Evaluating the biomedical and behavioral drivers of HIV incidence decline in adolescent girls and young women in Uganda: A mathematical modeling study [2026]

• PLOS One
  • Trends and spatial distribution of low-level viremia among Ugandan children and adolescents, 2014-2023 [2026]

• Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies
  • Closing the gap in HIV prevention and care for children: early insights from a model that links communities and health care facilities in Uganda [2016]

United Kingdom

• Children’s HIV Association
  • Standards of Care and Clinical guidelines

• Frontiers in Immunology
  • Strategies for Monitoring Outcomes in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children in the United Kingdom [2016]

United States

• Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions
  • JRP-Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions Data Harmonization: Rationale and Development of Guidelines [2018]

• AIDS and Behavior
  • Family Influences on Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in Youth with HIV in the United States: A Systematic Review [2025]
  • Associations Between State Laws Regulating Minors' Access to Confidential Sexual Health Services and Lifetime HIV Testing Among U.S. Male High School Students [2025]
  • A Nationally Representative Analysis of Substance Use and Sexual Health Correlates Associated with HIV and STI Testing among Adolescents [2025]

• AIDS Patient Care and STDs
  • The Adolescent and Young Adult HIV Cascade of Care in the United States: Exaggerated Health Disparities [2014]
  • Conformity of Pediatric/Adolescent HIV Clinics to the Patient-Centered Medical Home Care Model [2013]

• American Academy of Pediatrics
  • Increasing Access to Antiretroviral Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV in Infants, Children, and Youth in the United States: Policy Statement [2025]
  • Adolescents and Young Adults: The Pediatrician’s Role in HIV Testing and Pre- and Postexposure HIV Prophylaxis [2021]
  • Evaluation and Management of the Infant Exposed to HIV in the United States [2020]
  • Contraception for HIV-Infected Adolescents [2016]
  • Psychosocial Support for Youth Living With HIV [2014]
  • Increasing Antiretroviral Drug Access for Children With HIV Infection [2007]

• BMC Emergency Medicine
  • A systematic review of HIV screening programs conducted in pediatric emergency departments in the United States [2022]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Retention in Medical Care Among Insured Children with Diagnosed HIV Infection — United States, 2010–2014 [2017]

• Clinicalinfo
  • Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Pediatric HIV Infection

• International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health
  • Efficacy of behavioral interventions to increase engagement in sexual health services among LatinX youth in the United States: A meta-analysis for post-pandemic implications [2024]

• JMIR Formative Research
  • Developing a Consensus for Adolescent and Young Adult mHealth HIV Prevention Interventions in the United States: A Delphi Method Study [2022]

• JMIR Research Protocols
  • Research Priorities to End the Adolescent HIV Epidemic in the United States: Viewpoint [2021]

• Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care
  • Telehealth and Access to HIV Care for Youth: A National Mixed-Methods Study of U.S. HIV Healthcare Provider Practices and Perspectives [2026]

• Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
  • HIV-Specific vs Universal Immunization Coverage in US Children with HIV: A Multi-Site Study [2026]

• Nursing Clinics of North America
  • Overview of the Epidemiology and Clinical Care Considerations for Adolescents and Young Adults Living with or at Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus [2024]

• Pediatrics in Review
  • Preventing and Managing HIV Infection in Infants, Children, and Adolescents in the United States [2014]

• Sexually Transmitted Diseases
  • Effects of Condom Use on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission Among Adolescent Sexual Minority Males in the United States: A Mixed Epidemiology and Epidemic Modeling Study [2021]

• Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
  • Improving Outcomes for Adolescents and Young Adults Living With HIV [2023]

West Africa

• IeDEA International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS
  • Disparities in dolutegravir utilisation in children, adolescents and young adults (0-24 years) living with HIV. An analysis of the IeDEA Pediatric West African cohort [2025]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • WHO optimal antiretroviral dosing guidance: recommendations for dosing medicines for HIV prevention and treatment in paediatric populations [2026]
  • Supporting disclosure among children and adolescents living with HIV: interventions, emerging considerations, key gaps and key actions [2025]
  • Implementing WHO evidence-based interventions for adolescents and young adults living with and affected by HIV [2024]
  • Integrating psychosocial interventions and support into HIV services for adolescents and young adults: technical brief [2023]
  • Transitioning to the 2021 optimal formulary for antiretroviral drugs for children: implementation considerations [2021]
  • The 2021 optimal formulary and limited-use list for antiretroviral drugs for children [2021]
  • Point-of-care tests for diagnosing HIV infection among children younger than 18 months [2020]
  • Package of care for children and adolescents with advanced HIV disease: stop AIDS [2020]
  • Nurturing care for children affected by HIV [2020]
  • HIV strategic information: accelerating progress on HIV testing and treatment for children and adolescents through improved strategic information [2020]
  • Considerations for introducing new antiretroviral drug formulations for children [2020]
  • Toolkit: HIV molecular diagnostics toolkit to improve access to viral load testing and infant diagnosis: HIV treatment and care [2019]
  • Paediatric HIV testing strategy decision tool [2019]
  • HIV molecular diagnostics toolkit to improve access to viral load testing and infant diagnosis [2019]
  • Adolescent-friendly health services for adolescents living with HIV: from theory to practice [2019]
  • Toolkit for research and development of paediatric antiretroviral drugs and formulations [2018]
  • Policy brief: transitioning to an optimal paediatric ARV formulary: implementation considerations [2018]
  • Policy brief: the 2018 optimal formulary and limited-use list for paediatric ARVs [2018]
  • Paediatric ARV drug optimization 3 review: summary report [2018]
  • HIV diagnosis and ARV use in HIV-exposed infants: a programmatic update [2018]
  • AIDS free framework to accelerate paediatric and adolescent HIV treatment [2018]
  • 2018 optimal formulary and limited-use list for paediatric ARVs [2018]
  • HIV diagnostics: novel point-of-care tools for early infant diagnosis of HIV: information note [2017]
  • The voices, values and preference of adolescents on HIV testing and counselling : consultation for the development of the World Health Organization HIV testing and counselling guidelines for adolescents [2013]
  • HIV and adolescents: guidance for HIV testing and counselling and care for adolescents living with HIV: recommendations for a public health approach and considerations for policy-makers and managers [2013]
  • Children with HIV/AIDS - Pocket Book of Hospital Care for Children [2013]
  • Use of tenofovir in HIV-infected children and adolescents: A public health perspective [2012]
  • Strengthening the adolescent component of HIV/AIDS and reproductive health programmes [2011]
  • Pediatric advocacy toolkit: for improved pediatric HIV diagnosis, care and treatment in high HIV prevalence countries and regions [2011]
  • Manual on paediatric HIV care and treatment for district hospitals [2011]
  • HIV testing in young children : technical briefing paper [2011]
  • Guideline on HIV disclosure counselling for children up to 12 years of age - Appendices [2011]
  • Guideline on HIV disclosure counselling for children up to 12 years of age [2011]
  • WHO recommendations on the management of diarrhoea and pneumonia in HIV-infected infants and children [2010]
  • Policy requirements for HIV testing and counselling of infants and young children in health facilities [2010]
  • Participant manual : IMAI one-day orientation on adolescents living with HIV [2010]
  • Facilitator guide: IMAI one-day orientation on adolescents living with HIV [2010]
  • Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection in Infants and Children: Towards Universal Access. Recommendations for a Public Health Approach - 2010 Revision [2010]
  • A qualitative review of psychosocial support interventions for young people living with HIV [2009]
  • Integrated management of childhood illness for high HIV settings [2008]
  • Integrated management of children's illness complementary course on HIV/AIDS [2006]

Zambia

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • Impact of WHO guidelines on trends in HIV testing and ART initiation among children living with HIV in Zambia [2020]

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Mapping health policies for optimum service delivery to adolescents on HIV treatment in Zambia: a document review [2025]

• BMC Public Health
  • Progress in the performance of HIV early infant diagnosis services in Zambia using routinely collected data from 2006 to 2016 [2018]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Optimizing adolescent HIV care: a review of EMR system quality for clinical monitoring in Zambia [2026]

• SAHARA-J
  • Changes in sexual behaviour and practice and HIV prevalence indicators among young people aged 15–24 years in Zambia: An in-depth analysis of the 2001–2002 and 2007 Zambia Demographic and Health Surveys [2013]

• Social Science & Medicine
  • Social normative origins of the taboo gap and implications for adolescent risk for HIV infection in Zambia [2022]

Zimbabwe

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Awareness, access to and uptake of HIV prevention interventions among youth in Zimbabwe: a population-based survey [2025]

• BMC Public Health
  • Gender dimensions of the impact of HIV/AIDS on stunting in children under five years in Zimbabwe [2021]

• Global Public Health
  • Accelerating the prevention of HIV and violence in adolescent girls and young women in Zimbabwe through multi-sectoral programming: Cross-sectional analysis of the 2017 violence against children survey [2025]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Trends in HIV Testing and Associated Factors among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Zimbabwe: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey Data from 2005 to 2015 [2022]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • HIV/AIDS in pregnancy and newborn
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Adolescent sexual and reproductive health
  • Adolescent health