HIV/AIDS

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AIDS-associated opportunistic infections, co-infections, and malignancies

Americas

• Pan American Health Organization
  • Guidelines for Diagnosing and Managing Disseminated Histoplasmosis among People Living with HIV [2020]

Australia

• Australian Journal of General Practice
  • Vaccination in the person with newly diagnosed HIV [2020]

Austria, Germany

• Infection
  • Therapy and prophylaxis of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients: a guideline by the German and Austrian AIDS societies (DAIG/ÖAG) (AWMF 055/066) [2013]

Brazil

• Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Consensus of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases and Brazilian Society of Clinical Oncology on the management and treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma [2014]

• Current Opinion in Oncology
  • AIDS related malignancies in Brazil [2007]

• PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
  • Visceral leishmaniasis and HIV/AIDS in Brazil: Are we aware enough? [2017]

Canada, Europe, United States

• International Journal of Cancer
  • Cause-specific mortality after diagnosis of cancer among HIV-positive patients: A collaborative analysis of cohort studies [2020]

Canada, United States

• Annals of Internal Medicine
  • Cumulative Incidence of Cancer among HIV-infected Individuals in North America [2015]

China

• PLoS ONE
  • Spectrum of malignancies among the population of adults living with HIV infection in China: A nationwide follow-up study, 2008–2011 [2019]

Democratic Republic of Congo

• Mycoses
  • Cryptococcosis in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 1953 to 2021: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

East Africa

• PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
  • Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV Coinfection in East Africa [2014]
  • A Screen-and-Treat Strategy Targeting Visceral Leishmaniasis in HIV-Infected Individuals in Endemic East African Countries: The Way Forward? [2014]

East Africa, South-East Asia

• World Health Organization
  • WHO guideline for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV co-infected patients in East Africa and South-East Asia [2022]

Ethiopia

• Annals of Medicine
  • Burden of hepatitis B virus and syphilis co-infections and its impact on HIV treatment outcome in Ethiopia: nationwide community-based study [2023]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Incidence and predictors of common opportunistic infections among children less than 15 years of age on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• PLoS ONE
  • Burden of multidrug-resistant bacteria among HIV-positive individuals in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Magnitude and associated factors of urinary tract infections among adults living with HIV in Ethiopia. Systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

Europe

• European Hematology Association
  • Human immunodeficiency virus-associated Lymphomas: EHA-ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up [2024]

• European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
  • ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: patients with HIV infection or AIDS [2012]

France

• Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention
  • Spectrum and Incidence Trends of AIDS- and Non–AIDS-Defining Cancers between 2010 and 2015 in the French Dat'AIDS Cohort [2021]

• European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
  • French ENT Society (SFORL) guidelines for the management of immunodeficient patients with head and neck cancer of cutaneous origin [2014]

• PLoS ONE
  • Incidence of cervical, breast and colorectal cancers between 2010 and 2015 in people living with HIV in France [2022]

Gabon

• American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
  • Opportunistic Diseases in HIV-Infected Patients in Gabon following the Administration of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: A Retrospective Study [2014]

Gambia

• American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
  • Early Phase Clinical Trials with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 and Malaria Vectored Vaccines in The Gambia: Frontline Challenges in Study Design and Implementation [2014]

Ghana

• Health Research Policy and Systems
  • Getting research into policy - Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) treatment and HIV infection: international guidelines formulation and the case of Ghana [2011]

India

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Changing trends in the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of Leishmania–HIV co-infection in India [2014]

International

• AIDS
  • Global population-level association between herpes simplex virus 2 prevalence and HIV prevalence [2018]

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • Prevalence of Mpox vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among people living with HIV: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• EClinicalMedicine
  • Incidence and mortality of non-AIDS-defining cancers among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• Einstein
  • HIV and neoplasms: What do we know so far? [2023]

• European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases
  • Prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis among people with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

• International Journal of Cancer
  • State of the science and future directions for research on HIV and cancer: Summary of a joint workshop sponsored by IARC and NCI [2024]
  • Burden of Kaposi sarcoma according to HIV status: A systematic review and global analysis [2022]

• Journal of Fungi
  • Summary of Guidelines for Managing Histoplasmosis among People Living with HIV [2021]

• Lancet Infectious Diseases
  • Effect of HSV-2 infection on subsequent HIV acquisition: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis [2017]

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Management of BU–HIV co-infection [2014]

• UNAIDS
  • No more neglect — Female genital schistosomiasis and HIV — Integrating sexual and reproductive health interventions to improve women’s lives [2019]

• Viruses
  • Prevalence of HHV-6 Detection Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2025]
  • Global Burden of Cyclospora cayetanensis Infection and Associated Risk Factors in People Living with HIV and/or AIDS [2022]

Latin America

• PLoS ONE
  • Time to HAART Initiation after Diagnosis and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Patients with AIDS in Latin America [2016]

Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa

• Emerging Infectious Diseases
  • Systematic Review of Prevalence of Histoplasma Antigenuria in Persons with HIV in Latin America and Africa [2024]

Low and middle income countries

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Drug-resistant oral candidiasis in patients with HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • Incidence of Opportunistic Infections and the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-Infected Adults in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2016]
  • Incidence and Prevalence of Opportunistic and Other Infections and the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-infected Children in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2016]

Morocco

• Heliyon
  • Risk mapping of human HIV-Leishmaniasis co-infection in Morocco [2019]

Namibia

• PLoS ONE
  • Estimated Prevalence of Cryptococcus Antigenemia (CrAg) among HIV-Infected Adults with Advanced Immunosuppression in Namibia Justifies Routine Screening and Preemptive Treatment [2016]

Nigeria

• Emerging Infectious Diseases
  • Prevalence of Histoplasmosis among Persons with Advanced HIV Disease, Nigeria [2022]

Peru

• Journal of Infection and Public Health
  • Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of monkeypox among people with and without HIV in Peru: a national observational study [2024]

Republic of Korea

• Infection & Chemotherapy
  • The 2015 Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment and Prevention of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Koreans: Guidelines for Opportunistic Infections [2016]

• JAMA Network Open
  • Cancer Incidence Among Adults With HIV in a Population-Based Cohort in Korea [2022]

• Korean Journal of Internal Medicine
  • Opportunistic diseases among HIV-infected patients: a multicenter-nationwide Korean HIV/AIDS cohort study, 2006 to 2013 [2016]

• Scientific Reports
  • Nationwide population-based incidence of cancer among patients with HIV/AIDS in South Korea [2022]

Romania

• Germs
  • Consensus statement on the assessment of comorbidities in people living with HIV in Romania [2019]

Saudi Arabia

• Infection and Drug Resistance
  • HIV in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Can We Change the Way We Deal with Co-Infections [2021]

Sierra Leone

• Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease
  • The burden of serious fungal infections in Sierra Leone: a national estimate [2021]

South Africa

• BMJ Open
  • Cohort profile: the South African HIV Cancer Match (SAM) Study, a national population-based cohort [2022]

• Infectious Agents and Cancer
  • The burden of cancers associated with HIV in the South African public health sector, 2004–2014: a record linkage study [2019]

• PLoS ONE
  • Breast cancer in women by HIV status: A report from the South African National Cancer Registry [2024]
  • Screening HIV-Infected Patients with Low CD4 Counts for Cryptococcal Antigenemia prior to Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy: Cost Effectiveness of Alternative Screening Strategies in South Africa [2016]

• Southern African HIV Clinicians Society
  • Southern African HIV Clinicians Society guideline on the management of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in people with HIV [2024]
  • Southern African HIV Clinicians Society guideline for the prevention, diagnosis and management of cryptococcal disease among HIV-infected persons: 2019 update [2019]

Southern Africa

• PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of Leptospirosis in HIV uninfected and in people living with HIV from the Southern African Development Community [2022]

Spain

• GESIDA
  • Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections and other coinfections in HIV-infected patients: May 2015 [2016]

• PLoS ONE
  • Trends in Epidemiology of COPD in HIV-Infected Patients in Spain (1997–2012) [2016]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• African Health Sciences
  • Magnitude of Cryptococcosis among HIV patients in sub-Saharan Africa countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Burden of pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2016]

• Cancer Epidemiology
  • Epidemiology of Kaposi's sarcoma in sub-Saharan Africa [2022]

• Frontiers in Microbiology
  • Ongoing burden of disease and mortality from HIV/CMV coinfection in Africa in the antiretroviral therapy era [2015]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Mortality from HIV-associated meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

• Parasites and Vectors
  • Malaria prevalence in HIV-positive children, pregnant women, and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Systematic review on the compliance of WHO guidelines in the management of patients with advanced HIV disease in Africa: The case of cryptococcal antigen screening [2025]

• Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine
  • Malaria and HIV coinfection in sub-Saharan Africa: prevalence, impact, and treatment strategies [2018]

• Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines
  • Impact of Endemic Infections on HIV Susceptibility in Sub-Saharan Africa [2019]

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Effect of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis on malaria occurrence in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa [2015]

• Tropical Medicine and Health
  • Prevalence of HIV-associated esophageal candidiasis in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

Taiwan

• Emerging Microbes & Infections
  • Changing epidemiology of shigellosis in Taiwan, 2010-2019: an emerging threat to HIV-infected patients and men who have sex with men [2022]

Uganda

• BMC Public Health
  • Forecast analysis of any opportunistic infection among HIV positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy in Uganda [2016]

• BMC Research Notes
  • Frequency and distribution patterns of opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Uganda [2016]

• PLoS ONE
  • Evaluation of a national cryptococcal antigen screening program for HIV-infected patients in Uganda: A cost-effectiveness modeling analysis [2019]

United Kingdom

• British HIV Association
  • British HIV Association guidelines on the management of opportunistic infection in people living with HIV: The clinical management of pulmonary opportunistic infections 2024 [2024]
  • British HIV Association guidelines on the management of opportunistic infection in people living with HIV: The clinical management of non-tuberculous mycobacteria 2024 [2024]
  • British HIV Association guidelines on the management of opportunistic infection in people living with HIV: The clinical investigation and management of pyrexia of unknown origin 2023 [2023]
  • BHIVA guidelines on the management of opportunistic infection in people living with HIV: The clinical management of gastrointestinal opportunistic infections 2020 (2022 interim update) [2022]
  • BHIVA guidelines on the management of opportunistic infection in people living with HIV: The clinical management of candidiasis 2019 (2022 interim update) [2022]
  • British HIV Association guidelines on the management of opportunistic infection in people living with HIV: the clinical management of gastrointestinal opportunistic infections 2020 [2020]
  • British HIV Association guidelines on the management of opportunistic infection in people living with HIV: The clinical management of Candidiasis 2019 [2019]
  • BHIVA guidelines on the use of vaccines in HIV-positive adults 2015 [2015]
  • British HIV Association and British Infection Association guidelines for the treatment of opportunistic infection in HIV-seropositive individuals 2011 [2011]
  • British HIV Association guidelines for immunization of HIV-infected adults 2008 [2008]

United States

• American Thoracic Society
  • An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report Emerging Issues and Current Controversies in HIV Associated Pulmonary Diseases [2011]

• Cancer
  • Excess cancer prevalence in men with HIV: A nationwide analysis of Medicaid data [2022]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Notes from the Field: Increase in Meningococcal Disease Among Persons with HIV — United States, 2022 [2023]
  • Interim Guidance for Prevention and Treatment of Monkeypox in Persons with HIV Infection — United States, August 2022 [2022]
  • Recommendations for Use of Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccines in HIV-Infected Persons — Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2016 [2016]

• Clinicalinfo
  • Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Children With and Exposed to HIV
  • Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Trends in the Epidemiology and Outcomes of Pneumocystis Pneumonia among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Hospitalizations [2022]

• JCO Oncology Practice
  • Palliative Care Use Among People Living With HIV and Cancer: An Analysis of the National Cancer Database (2004-2018) [2022]

• JNCI Cancer Spectrum
  • Incidence Trends of Kaposi Sarcoma Among Young Non-Hispanic Black Men by US Regions, 2001-2018 [2022]

• Lancet HIV
  • Trends and risk of lung cancer among people living with HIV in the USA: a population-based registry linkage study [2022]

• National Cancer Institute
  • AIDS-Related Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ®)

• National Comprehensive Cancer Network
  • AIDS-Related Kaposi Sarcoma, Version 2.2019 [2019]

• National HIV Curriculum
  • Co-Occurring Conditions

• New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute
  • Management of IRIS [2024]
  • Immunizations for Adults With HIV [2024]
  • Management of IRIS

• Open Forum Infectious Diseases
  • Meningococcal Disease in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Review of Cases Reported Through Active Surveillance in the United States, 2000–2008 [2016]

• Women's Health
  • Cancer burden in women with HIV on Medicaid: A nationwide analysis [2023]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Identifying common opportunistic infections among people with advanced HIV disease [2023]
  • Report from the scoping consultation on severe bacterial infections among people with advanced HIV disease [2022]
  • Policy brief: Guidelines for diagnosing, preventing and managing cryptococcal disease among adults, adolescents and children living with HIV [2022]
  • Guidelines for diagnosing, preventing and managing cryptococcal disease among adults, adolescents and children living with HIV [2022]
  • Management of Buruli ulcer–HIV coinfection. Technical update [2020]
  • Rapid advice: diagnosis, prevention and management of cryptococcal disease in HIV-infected adults, adolescents and children: December 2011 [2011]
  • Report of an informal working group on urogenital schistosomiasis and HIV transmission, Geneva, Switzerland, 1-2 October 2009 [2010]
  • Chronic comorbidities & coinfections among PLHIV

WHO South-East Asia Region

• WHO South-East Asia Region
  • Laboratory manual for diagnosis of fungal opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS patients [2009]

Zimbabwe

• Cancer Reports
  • Cancer incidence among people living with HIV in Zimbabwe: A record linkage study [2022]

{Related topics}

• Topic
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  • HIV/AIDS and syphilis
  • HIV/AIDS and human papillomavirus
  • HIV/AIDS and hepatitis
  • HIV/AIDS and COVID-19
  • HIV/AIDS