Afghanistan - Africa - Americas - Armenia - Asia - Asia, South America - Asia-Pacific - Australia - Bangladesh - Barbados - Belgium - Bhutan - Botswana - Brazil - Bulgaria - Burundi - Cambodia - Cameroon - Canada - Cape Verde - Central Asia, Europe - China - Cook Islands - Croatia - Côte d'Ivoire - Denmark - East Africa - Eswatini - Ethiopia - Europe - Europe, United States - Fiji - France - Germany - Ghana - Haiti - High-income countries - Honduras - India - Indonesia - International - Iran - Ireland - Israel - Italy - Jamaica - Japan - Jordan - Kazakhstan - Kenya - Kenya, Uganda - Latin America - Latin America and the Caribbean - Lesotho - Low and middle income countries - Low-income countries - Malawi - Mali - Mexico - Middle East - Middle East, North Africa - Mozambique - Myanmar - Namibia - Nepal - Netherlands - Nigeria - Papua New Guinea - Portugal - Republic of Korea - Russia - Rwanda - Saudi Arabia - Serbia, United Kingdom - Singapore - South Africa - South Sudan - South-East Asia - Southern Africa - Spain - Sri Lanka - Sub-Saharan Africa - Sweden - Switzerland - Taiwan - Tajikistan - Tanzania - Thailand - Togo - Türkiye - Uganda - Ukraine - United Kingdom - United States - Uruguay - Vietnam - West and Central Africa - Western countries - WHO - WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region - WHO South-East Asia Region - Zambia - Zimbabwe - {Related topics}

Afghanistan

• International Journal of STD & AIDS
  • Gaps in the continuum of care among people living with HIV in Afghanistan [2022]

Africa

• Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
  • HIV cure strategies: which ones are appropriate for Africa? [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • HIV virologic failure and its predictors among HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy in the African Cohort Study [2019]

• WHO African Region
  • Preventing and Responding to HIV Drug Resistance in the African Region: Regional action plan 2019-2023 [2019]

• World Health Organization
  • Target product profile for HIV drug resistance tests in low- and middle-income countries: Africa [2023]

Americas

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • A picture is worth a thousand words: maps of HIV indicators to inform research, programs, and policy from NA-ACCORD and CCASAnet clinical cohorts [2016]

• Pan American Health Organization
  • Monitoring framework for advanced HIV disease [2026]
  • Guidelines for the implementation of multi-month dispensing of antiretrovirals. Version 1, 23 July 2020 [2020]
  • HIV Drug Resistance
  • Antiretroviral Therapy

Armenia

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Access to antiretroviral therapy and survival in eastern Europe and central Asia: a case study in Armenia [2014]

• Viruses
  • Prevalence of Pretreatment HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Armenia in 2017-2018 and 2020-2021 following a WHO Survey [2022]

Asia

• HIV Medicine
  • Same-day and rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV in Asia. How far have we come? [2022]

• IeDEA International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS
  • Virological failure and treatment switch after ART initiation among people living with HIV with and without routine viral load monitoring in Asia [2022]
  • Survival after long-term ART exposure: findings from an Asian patient population retained in care beyond 5 years on ART [2020]
  • An expanded HIV care cascade: ART uptake, viral load suppression and comorbidity monitoring among adults living with HIV in Asia [2020]

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Factors influencing adherence to antiretroviral treatment in Asian developing countries: a systematic review [2012]

Asia, South America

• Medicine
  • Dolutegravir + lamivudine effectiveness and tolerability in real-world cohorts with HIV-1 across Asia and South America: A systematic literature review [2025]

Asia-Pacific

• IeDEA International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS
  • Temporal trends from HIV diagnosis to ART initiation among adults living with HIV in the Asia-Pacific (2013-2023) [2025]
  • CD4/CD8 Ratio Recovery Among People Living With HIV Starting With First-Line Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors: A Prospective Regional Cohort Analysis [2023]

• International Journal of STD & AIDS
  • Trends in CD4 count response to first-line antiretroviral treatment in HIV-positive patients from Asia, 2003–2013: TAHOD-LITE [2017]

Australia

• Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
  • Laboratory Testing
  • Drug-Resistance Testing
  • Drug-Drug Interactions
  • Adverse Effects of ARV Agents
  • Adult Antiretroviral Guidelines

• Australian Prescriber
  • Prescribing for patients taking antiretroviral therapy [2022]

• BMC Public Health
  • HIV treatment regimens and adherence to national guidelines in Australia: an analysis of dispensing data from the Australian pharmaceutical benefits scheme [2019]

Bangladesh

• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Bangladesh
  • National Anti Retroviral Therapy (NRT) Guidelines, Bangladesh [2019]

Barbados

• PLoS ONE
  • Ten Year Trends in Community HIV Viral Load in Barbados: Implications for Treatment as Prevention [2013]

Belgium

• HIV Medicine
  • Late presentation to HIV testing is overestimated when based on the consensus definition [2015]

• PLoS ONE
  • Trends and Predictors of Transmitted Drug Resistance (TDR) and Clusters with TDR in a Local Belgian HIV-1 Epidemic [2014]

Bhutan

• Ministry of Health Bhutan
  • National Guideline on Treatment & Management of HIV & AIDS [2024]

Botswana

• AIDS
  • Trends and determinants of survival for over 200000 patients on antiretroviral treatment in the Botswana National Program: 2002–2013 [2016]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Outcomes of the Botswana national HIV/AIDS treatment programme from 2002 to 2010: a longitudinal analysis [2014]

• Lancet HIV
  • Botswana’s Progress Toward Achieving the 2020 UNAIDS 90–90–90 Antiretroviral Treatment and Virologic Suppression Goals: Results of a Population-Based Survey [2016]

• Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering
  • Modelling Botswana's HIV/AIDS response and treatment policy changes: Insights from a cascade of mathematical models [2023]

• PLoS ONE
  • Using Health Surveillance Systems Data to Assess the Impact of AIDS and Antiretroviral Treatment on Adult Morbidity and Mortality in Botswana [2014]

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Variation in attrition at sub-national level: Review of the Botswana National HIV/AIDS Treatment (Masa) program data (2002–2013) [2015]

Brazil

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Determinants of survival of people living with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy in Brazil 2006–2015 [2019]

• Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Trends and disparities in retention to antiretroviral therapy of people living with HIV from 2014 to 2022 in Brazil: a population-based study [2026]

• Cadernos de Saúde Pública
  • Antiretroviral manufacturers and the challenge of universal access to drugs through the Brazilian National STD/AIDS Program [2009]

• Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
  • Price as a challenge to the sustainability of the universal access policy to antiretrovirals in SUS: the case of dolutegravir [2026]

• Health Affairs
  • AIDS Treatment In Brazil: Impacts And Challenges [2009]

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Genotype Testing for Primary Resistance in Brazil [2015]

• Medicine
  • The Brazilian experience of implementing the active pharmacovigilance of dolutegravir [2019]
  • Sociodemographic determinants of attrition in the HIV continuum of care in Brazil, in 2016 [2018]

• PLoS ONE
  • Time from treatment initiation to HIV viral suppression in public care facilities in Brazil: A nationwide linked databases cohort [2024]
  • Modeling HIV/AIDS Drug Price Determinants in Brazil: Is Generic Competition a Myth? [2011]

• Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia
  • Community viral load of HIV in Brazil, 2007 - 2011: potential impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in reducing new infections [2016]

• Revista de Saúde Pública
  • Instruments to assess adherence to medication in people living with HIV: a scoping review [2023]

• Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
  • Adverse reactions to antiretroviral therapy: a prevalent concern [2017]

• Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
  • HIV-associated lipodystrophy: a review from a Brazilian perspective [2014]

Bulgaria

• Viruses
  • Transmitted HIV Drug Resistance in Bulgaria Occurs in Clusters of Individuals from Different Transmission Groups and Various Subtypes (2012-2020) [2023]

Burundi

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Loss to follow-up of patients in HIV care in Burundi: A retrospective cohort study [2022]

Cambodia

• AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
  • Extensive Drug Resistance in HIV-Infected Cambodian Children Who Are Undetected as Failing First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy by WHO 2010 Guidelines [2013]

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • What are the determinants of antiretroviral therapy adherence among stable people living with HIV? A cross-sectional study in Cambodia [2023]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Positive Virological Outcomes of HIV-Infected Patients on Protease Inhibitor-Based Second-Line Regimen in Cambodia: The ANRS 12276 2PICAM Study [2018]

Cameroon

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • Trends and determining factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Cameroon: a systematic review and analysis of the CAMPS trial [2012]

• BMC Public Health
  • Optimal starting point for antiretroviral HIV treatment in a town in Cameroon: a randomised controlled study [2014]
  • Declining trends in early warning indicators for HIV drug resistance in Cameroon from 2008-2010: lessons and challenges for low-resource settings [2013]

• Pan African Medical Journal
  • Research priorities for accelerating the achievement of three 95 HIV goals in Cameroon: a consensus statement from the Cameroon HIV Research Forum (CAM-HERO) [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Monitoring HIV Drug Resistance Early Warning Indicators in Cameroon: A Study Following the Revised World Health Organization Recommendations [2015]

Canada

• British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS
  • Therapeutic Guidelines

• Canada's Drug Agency
  • Risk of Sexual Transmission of HIV With Antiretroviral Therapy and Variable or Suppressed Viral Load [2023]
  • Pharmacoeconomic Review Report: Cabotegravir Tablets, Cabotegravir Extended-Release Injectable Suspension, and Rilpivirine Extended-Release Injectable Suspension (Vocabria, Cabenuva) [2020]
  • Clinical Review Report: Cabotegravir Tablets, Cabotegravir Extended-Release Injectable Suspension, and Rilpivirine Extended-Release Injectable Suspension (Vocabria, Cabenuva) [2020]
  • CADTH Canadian Drug Expert Committee Recommendation: Cabotegravir Tablets, Cabotegravir Extended-Release Injectable Suspension and Rilpivirine Extended-Release Injectable Suspension (Vocabria, Cabenuva — ViiV Healthcare ULC) [2020]
  • Pharmacoeconomic Review Report: Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (B/FTC/TAF) (Biktarvy): Indication: A complete regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults with no known substitution associated with resistance the individual components of Biktarvy [2018]

• Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology
  • HIV-1 tropism testing and clinical management of CCR5 antagonists: Quebec review and recommendations [2013]

• HIV Medicine
  • Predictors of unstructured antiretroviral treatment interruption and resumption among HIV-positive individuals in Canada [2014]

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • Prevalence of Primary Drug Resistance Against HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors in Canada [2018]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Late initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy in Canada: a call for a national public health strategy to improve engagement in HIV care [2015]

Cape Verde

• Viruses
  • Genetic Diversity and Antiretroviral Resistance in HIV-1-Infected Patients Newly Diagnosed in Cabo Verde [2024]

Central Asia, Europe

• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
  • Thematic report: HIV treatment and care [2017]

China

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • Attrition rate of antiretroviral therapy and its influencing factors among Chinese people living with HIV/AIDS: a meta-analysis and system review [2025]

• Biomedical and Environmental Sciences
  • The Prevalence of HIV Drug Resistance among Treatment-failure Individuals and Treatment-naïve Individuals in China: A Meta-analysis [2014]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • The association between disclosure and antiretroviral therapy among adults living with HIV in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • INSTIs-centered antiviral regimens for first-line treatment of HIV/AIDS: a network meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis [2025]
  • The burden of anemia among Chinese HIV-infected patients following the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in the treat-all era: a nationwide cohort study [2023]

• China CDC Weekly
  • Relationship Between Drug Resistance and Death in HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy — 7 PLADs, China, 2010-2019 [2021]

• Current HIV/AIDS Reports
  • Optimizing Treatment for Adults with HIV/AIDS in China: Successes over Two Decades and Remaining Challenges [2020]

• EClinicalMedicine
  • Trend of HIV-1 drug resistance in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of data accumulated over 17 years (2001–2017) [2020]

• Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
  • Effect of rapid antiretroviral therapy initiation on loss to follow-up, mortality, and virologic failure among people with human immunodeficiency virus under the treat-all policy in China: analysis of routine data [2026]

• Frontiers in Pharmacology
  • Six-Year Immunologic Recovery and Virological Suppression of HIV Patients on LPV/r-Based Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment: A Multi-Center Real-World Cohort Study in China [2019]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • The cost-effectiveness analysis of single-tablet efavirenz-based regimen among HIV-1 infected adults in China [2025]
  • Prevalence of low-level viremia and related influencing factors among people living with HIV in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• PLoS ONE
  • Treatment failure and associated factors among people living with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy in mainland China: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Comparisons of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in a High- Risk Population in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2016]

• Scientific Reports
  • Prevalence of Transmitted HIV drug resistance in antiretroviral treatment naïve newly diagnosed individuals in China [2018]

Cook Islands

• Ministry of Health Cook Islands
  • National Guideline on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection [2017]

Croatia

• Scientific Reports
  • Analysis of HIV-1 diversity, primary drug resistance and transmission networks in Croatia [2019]

Côte d'Ivoire

• Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • Laboratory Monitoring of Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection: Cost-Effectiveness and Budget Impact of Current and Novel Strategies [2016]

Denmark

• Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology
  • A Regional Drug and Therapeutics Committee-led Intervention to Reduce the Hospital Costs of Expensive HIV Drugs [2016]

• EuroSurveillance
  • Characterisation of HIV-1 transmission clusters and drug-resistant mutations in Denmark, 2004 to 2016 [2018]

East Africa

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • Viral load suppression after enhanced adherence counseling among HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy (2019-2024): a systematic review and meta-analysis in East Africa [2025]

• HIV Research & Clinical Practice
  • Prevalence and predictors of virological failure among the people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment in East Africa: evidence from a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression of published studies from 2016 to 2023 [2025]

• Systematic Reviews
  • Incidence of loss to follow-up among East African adults on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

Eswatini

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • An evaluation of postmarketing reports of hyperglycaemia associated with dolutegravir for treatment of HIV in Eswatini [2022]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Peer-Delivered Linkage Case Management and Same-Day ART Initiation for Men and Young Persons with HIV Infection — Eswatini, 2015–2017 [2018]

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • Changing Antiretroviral Eligibility Criteria: Impact on the Number and Proportion of Adults Requiring Treatment in Swaziland [2016]

• PLoS ONE
  • Cost-effectiveness of a combination strategy to enhance the HIV care continuum in Swaziland: Link4Health [2018]
  • Enrollment in HIV Care Two Years after HIV Diagnosis in the Kingdom of Swaziland: An Evaluation of a National Program of New Linkage Procedures [2016]

Ethiopia

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • Incidence and predictors of loss to follow-up among adults on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies [2026]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Virologic failure and its determinants among HIV patients progress towards the third 95% global target in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2026]
  • Prevalence of hepatotoxicity among HIV-infected patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • HIV patients retention and attrition in care and their determinants in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

• BMC Public Health
  • Prevalence of HIV drug resistance among patients experiencing first-line treatment failure in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Highly active antiretroviral therapy is necessary but not sufficient. A systematic review and meta-analysis of mortality incidence rates and predictors among HIV-infected adults receiving treatment in Ethiopia, a surrogate study for resource-poor settings [2024]
  • HIV/AIDS treatment failure and associated factors in Ethiopia: meta-analysis [2020]

• BMJ Open
  • Satisfaction with HIV/AIDS treatment and care services and its associated factors among adult people receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Virological failure and associated factors among patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Exploring optimal HAART adherence rates in Ethiopian adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
  • Health related quality of life and its association with social support among people living with HIV/AIDS receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
  • Incidence and Predictors of Mortality Among Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2026]

• Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care
  • Epidemiology of Antiretroviral Therapy Related Adverse Drug Reactions and its Predictors Among Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2025]

• PLoS ONE
  • Discontinuation from Antiretroviral Therapy: A Continuing Challenge among Adults in HIV Care in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2017]

Europe

• Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance and the Predicted Effect on Current First-line Regimens in Europe [2015]

• European AIDS Clinical Society
  • Major revision version 13.0 of the European AIDS Clinical Society guidelines 2025 [2026]
  • Major revision version 12.0 of the European AIDS Clinical Society guidelines 2023 [2024]
  • Major revision version 11.0 of the European AIDS Clinical Society Guidelines 2021 [2022]
  • 2019 update of the European AIDS Clinical Society Guidelines for treatment of people living with HIV version 10.0 [2020]

• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
  • European standards of HIV prevention and care: Module on Commencement of antiretroviral therapy [2025]
  • Developing a reporting system for the surveillance of HIV drug resistance in Europe [2019]

• European Medicines Agency
  • Clinical development of medicinal products for treatment of HIV infection - Scientific guideline

• EuroSurveillance
  • Refugees from Ukraine receiving antiretroviral therapy in destination countries and territories of the World Health Organization European Region, including EU/EEA countries, February 2022 to March 2023 [2024]
  • Piloting a surveillance system for HIV drug resistance in the European Union [2019]
  • Assessment of HIV molecular surveillance capacity in the European Union, 2016 [2017]

• HIV Medicine
  • HIV treatment strategies across Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe: New times, old problems [2023]
  • Late presentation of HIV infection: a consensus definition [2011]

Europe, United States

• HIV Research & Clinical Practice
  • Effects of antiretroviral resistance on outcomes and health care resource utilisation among people with HIV in the United States and Europe: a real-world survey [2025]

• Nature Communications
  • Time to HIV viral rebound and frequency of post-treatment control after analytical interruption of antiretroviral therapy: an individual data-based meta-analysis of 24 prospective studies [2025]

Fiji

• Ministry of Health and Medical Services Fiji
  • HIV Care and Antiretroviral Therapy Guideline [2022]

France

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • The effect of adherence to guidelines for initial antiretroviral therapy on 1-year outcomes: a French cohort study [2014]

• Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale
  • HIV-1 genotypic drug resistance interpretation’s algorithms

• Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
  • Use of genotypic HIV DNA testing: a DELPHI-type consensus [2024]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • French 2013 guidelines for antiretroviral therapy of HIV-1 infection in adults [2014]

• PLoS ONE
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Dolutegravir in HIV-1 Treatment-Experienced (TE) Patients in France [2015]

Germany

• BMC Public Health
  • Everything counts - a method to determine viral suppression among people living with HIV using longitudinal data for the HIV care continuum - results of two large, German, multi-center real-life cohort studies over 20 years (1999–2018) [2021]

• Medicine
  • Analysis of contemporary HIV/AIDS health care costs in Germany: Driving factors and distribution across antiretroviral therapy lines [2016]

Ghana

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Five-year trends in treatment changes in an adult cohort of HIV/AIDS patients in Ghana: a retrospective cohort study [2017]

• BMC Public Health
  • Temporal trend analysis of the HIV/AIDS burden before and after the implementation of antiretroviral therapy at the population level from 1990 to 2020 in Ghana [2023]

• PLoS ONE
  • Translating research into action: Policy recommendations for strengthening antiretroviral therapy adherence in Ghana based on empirical evidence [2026]

Haiti

• American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
  • Trends and Disruptions in Antiretroviral Treatment Enrollment in Haiti, 2018-2024 [2026]

• BMC Health Services Research
  • A sub-group evaluation of the multi-month dispensing strategy for differentiated HIV care: is personalization of care guidelines warranted in Haiti? [2022]
  • Closing the gap in implementation of HIV clinical guidelines in a low resource setting using electronic medical records [2020]

• Global Health Action
  • Attrition from antiretroviral treatment services among pregnant and non-pregnant patients following adoption of Option B+ in Haiti [2017]

• International Journal of Public Health
  • Applying Machine Learning to Predict Loss to Follow-Up Among People Living With HIV in Haiti Using a National Electronic Medical Record Cohort [2026]

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • Lives Saved by Expanding HIV Treatment Availability in Resource-Limited Settings: The Example of Haiti [2013]

• PLoS ONE
  • Risk factors for delayed viral suppression on first-line antiretroviral therapy among persons living with HIV in Haiti, 2013–2017 [2020]
  • Trends in CD4 Count Testing, Retention in Pre-ART Care, and ART Initiation Rates over the First Decade of Expansion of HIV Services in Haiti [2016]
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Early Versus Standard Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Adults in Haiti [2011]

High-income countries

• AIDS and Behavior
  • Influence of Material Deprivation on Clinical Outcomes Among People Living with HIV in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2022]

• BMJ Open
  • How do migrants living with HIV adhere to the HIV care process in high-income countries? A systematic review [2025]

• Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • Barriers to Uptake of Long-Acting Antiretroviral Products for Treatment and Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in High-Income Countries [2022]

Honduras

• PLoS ONE
  • HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance in Honduras after a Decade of Widespread Antiretroviral Therapy [2015]

India

• AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
  • Clinical Benefits and Cost-Effectiveness of Laboratory Monitoring Strategies to Guide Antiretroviral Treatment Switching in India [2018]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Implementation of the Treat All Policy Among Persons with HIV Infection Enrolled in Care But Not on Antiretroviral Therapy — India, May 2017–June 2018 [2018]

• Indian Journal of Medical Research
  • Antiretroviral therapy in Indian setting: When & what to start with, when & what to switch to? [2011]

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • HIV drug resistance following a decade of free antiretroviral therapy program in India: A review [2018]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • The cost-effectiveness and budgetary impact of a dolutegravir-based regimen as first-line treatment of HIV infection in India [2018]
  • Economic and epidemiological impact of early antiretroviral therapy initiation in India [2015]

• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
  • National Technical Guidelines on Anti Retroviral Treatment [2018]
  • National Operational Guidelines for Viral Load Testing [2018]

• PLoS ONE
  • How Many People Living with HIV Will Be Additionally Eligible for Antiretroviral Treatment in Karnataka State, India as per the World Health Organization 2013 Guidelines? [2014]

Indonesia

• Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology
  • Incidence and predictors of nevirapine and efavirenz-associated rash among Indonesian HIV patients [2022]

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Costs of HIV/AIDS treatment in Indonesia by time of treatment and stage of disease [2015]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • HIV/AIDS in Indonesia: current treatment landscape, future therapeutic horizons, and herbal approaches [2024]

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Translating international HIV treatment guidelines into local priorities in Indonesia [2018]

International

• AIDS
  • Real-world clinical and economic outcomes from rapid start antiretroviral therapy in HIV: systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• AIDS and Behavior
  • Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Interventions in the Era of Universal Test and Treat: A Hybrid Systematic-Narrative Literature Review of Global Evidence [2026]
  • Psychosocial Interventions to Promote Undetectable HIV Viral Loads: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials [2022]

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • The effectiveness of monetary incentives in improving viral suppression, treatment adherence, and retention in care among the general population of people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Clinical trials of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in people living with HIV - a review [2025]
  • Compliance with reporting standards in Mobile App interventions for ART Adherence among PLHIV [2024]

• AIDS Research and Treatment
  • What is polypharmacy in people living with HIV/AIDS? A systematic review [2022]

• Antiviral Research
  • Evolution of HIV treatment guidelines in high and low-income countries: Converging recommendations [2013]

• Antiviral Therapy
  • HIV drug resistance in the era of contemporary antiretroviral therapy: A clinical perspective [2023]

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Access to HIV/AIDS care: a systematic review of socio-cultural determinants in low and high income countries [2013]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Virological outcomes of dolutegravir-based versus other antiretroviral regimens in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2026]
  • Does telehealth affect the adherence to ART among patients with HIV? A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

• BMJ Open
  • Rates of adverse events of antiretroviral therapy in women living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • Toward Evidence-based Recommendations for Laboratory Monitoring for Adolescents and Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy [2025]
  • Global Trends in CD4 Count Measurement and Distribution at First Antiretroviral Treatment Initiation [2025]
  • Effects of National Adoption of Treat-All Guidelines on Pre-Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) CD4 Testing and Viral Load Monitoring After ART initiation: A Regression Discontinuity Analysis [2021]
  • Managing Advanced HIV Disease in a Public Health Approach [2018]

• Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
  • Accelerating Generic Long-Acting Antiretrovirals for Global HIV Treatment: Workshop Findings and a Roadmap to Access [2026]
  • Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for CYP2B6 and Efavirenz-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy [2019]

• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Point-of-care viral load tests to detect high HIV viral load in people living with HIV/AIDS attending health facilities [2022]

• Current HIV/AIDS Reports
  • Metabolic Complications Associated with Use of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (InSTI) for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection: Focus on Weight Changes, Lipids, Glucose and Bone Metabolism [2024]

• Drugs & Aging
  • Ageing with HIV: Medicine Optimisation Challenges and Support Needs for Older People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review [2023]

• EClinicalMedicine
  • Global, regional, and national prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Comparative efficacy, tolerability and safety of dolutegravir and efavirenz 400mg among antiretroviral therapies for first-line HIV treatment: A systematic literature review and network meta-analysis [2020]

• Emerging Microbes & Infections
  • The prevalence of low-level viraemia and its association with virological failure in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• Frontiers in Pharmacology
  • Transmitted Drug Resistance in Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive Persons With Acute/Early/Primary HIV Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2021]

• Globalization and Health
  • Leaving no one behind: lessons from implementation of policies for universal HIV treatment to universal health coverage [2020]

• HIV Medicine
  • Point-of-care nucleic acid testing - a step forward in controlling the HIV epidemic: A review [2025]
  • Long-acting injectable cabotegravir and rilpivirine in observational cohort studies: A systematic review on virological failure, resistance and re-suppression outcomes in virally suppressed individuals living with HIV [2025]
  • Free antiretrovirals as a key tool against the HIV pandemic: A systematic review [2025]
  • Comparison of treatment-emergent resistance-associated mutations and discontinuation due to adverse events among integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based single-tablet regimens and cabotegravir + rilpivirine for the treatment of virologically suppressed people with HIV: A systematic literature review and network meta-analysis [2025]

• IeDEA International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS
  • Long-term HIV care outcomes under universal HIV treatment guidelines: A retrospective cohort study in 25 countries [2024]
  • Global estimates of viral suppression in children and adolescents and adults on antiretroviral therapy adjusted for missing viral load measurements: a multiregional, retrospective cohort study in 31 countries [2021]

• International AIDS Society
  • Research priorities for an HIV cure: International AIDS Society Global Scientific Strategy 2021 [2021]
  • Towards Multidisciplinary HIV-Cure Research: Integrating Social Science with Biomedical Research [2016]
  • International AIDS Society: Global Scientific Strategy Towards an HIV Cure 2016 [2016]
  • Progress Towards an HIV Cure: Update from the 2014 International AIDS Society Symposium [2015]
  • Towards an HIV cure: science and debate from the International AIDS Society 2013 symposium [2013]
  • Towards an HIV cure: a global scientific strategy [2012]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • The Association Between HIV/AIDS, Ototoxicity of Its Treatments, and Occupational Noise Induced Hearing Loss: A Narrative Review Mapping the Existing Literature and Identifying Research Gaps [2025]

• Journal of Infection
  • Clinical events associated with poor CD4+ T-cell recovery in people living with HIV following ART: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• Journal of Medical Internet Research
  • Machine Learning in HIV Care and Antiretroviral Therapy: Systematic Review [2026]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • HIV low-level viraemia: considerations for prevention and treatment in an era of highly effective and durable antiretroviral therapy regimens [2026]
  • Risk of dyslipidaemia in people living with HIV who are taking tenofovir alafenamide: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Implementation of “Treat-all” at adult HIV care and treatment sites in the Global IeDEA Consortium: results from the Site Assessment Survey [2019]
  • Community-driven demand creation for the use of routine viral load testing: a model to scale up routine viral load testing [2017]
  • Choice of antiretroviral drugs for continued treatment scale-up in a public health approach: what more do we need to know? [2016]
  • Maximizing the benefits of antiretroviral therapy for key affected populations [2014]
  • Preferred antiretroviral drugs for the next decade of scale up [2012]

• Lancet
  • Timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy in AIDS-free HIV-1-infected patients: a collaborative analysis of 18 HIV cohort studies [2009]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Cost-effectiveness of different strategies to monitor adults on antiretroviral treatment: a combined analysis of three mathematical models [2014]

• Lancet HIV
  • Recommendations from the 2nd Consensus Workshop on Analytical Treatment Interruption in HIV Research Trials [2026]
  • Establishing shared definitions of virological failure and discontinuation for long-acting injectable cabotegravir and rilpivirine therapy (the CONSENSUS-LAI Study): an international survey and Delphi process [2025]
  • Causes of hospitalisation among people living with HIV worldwide, 2014-23: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Two-drug regimens for HIV treatment [2022]

• Lancet Microbe
  • Public availability of HIV-1 drug resistance sequence and treatment data: a systematic review [2022]

• Pathogens
  • Undetectable = Untransmittable: A Cross-Population Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Awareness and Acceptance [2025]

• PLoS Medicine
  • HIV treatment eligibility expansion and timely antiretroviral treatment initiation following enrollment in HIV care: A metaregression analysis of programmatic data from 22 countries [2018]
  • The HIV Treatment Gap: Estimates of the Financial Resources Needed versus Available for Scale-Up of Antiretroviral Therapy in 97 Countries from 2015 to 2020 [2015]
  • Geographic and Temporal Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance: An Individual-Patient- and Sequence-Level Meta-Analysis [2015]

• PLoS ONE
  • Collaborative update of a rule-based expert system for HIV-1 genotypic resistance test interpretation [2017]

• Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
  • Factors related to loss to follow-up among people living with HIV: a systematic review [2025]

• Scientific Reports
  • Use of laboratory-developed assays in global HIV-1 treatment-monitoring and research [2023]

• Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Managing low-level HIV viraemia in antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• Topics in Antiviral Medicine
  • CROI 2026: Antiretroviral THerapy in Adult, Maternal, and Pediatric Populations With HIV [2026]
  • CROI 2025: The Challenges of Sustaining Viral Suppression, Addressing Advanced HIV Disease, and Ending the HIV Epidemic Targets [2025]

• UNAIDS
  • A shot at ending AIDS — How new long-acting medicines could revolutionize the HIV response [2025]
  • Undetectable = untransmittable — Public health and HIV viral load suppression [2024]
  • Understanding measures of progress towards the 95–95–95 HIV testing, treatment and viral suppression targets [2024]
  • Universal test and connect: brief considerations [2021]
  • Public health and HIV viral load suppression [2017]
  • The need for routine viral load testing [2016]
  • How many people living with HIV access treatment? [2016]
  • Fast-tracking HIV treatment: Parliamentary action and policy options [2015]
  • Treatment 2015 [2013]
  • HIV treatment

• Viruses
  • Integrative Computational Approaches for Understanding Drug Resistance in HIV-1 Protease Subtype C [2025]

Iran

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Prevalence of acquired and transmitted HIV drug resistance in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
  • Survival and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS: A 30-year national survey in Iran [2019]

• PLoS ONE
  • Cost-effectiveness of pretreatment HIV drug resistance testing in people living with HIV in Iran [2024]
  • Prevalence of Transmitted HIV Drug Resistance in Iran between 2010 and 2011 [2013]

Ireland

• Health Protection Surveillance Centre
  • HIV Treatment and PrEP

Israel

• Viruses
  • Epidemiology and Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance among Treatment-Naïve Individuals in Israel, 2010-2018 [2021]

Italy

• BMC Public Health
  • Impact of social determinants on antiretroviral therapy access and outcomes entering the era of universal treatment for people living with HIV in Italy [2018]

• ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research
  • Economic evaluation of initial antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected patients: an update of Italian guidelines [2013]

• New Microbiologica
  • Optimizing the antiretroviral treatment focusing on long-term effectiveness and a person-centered approach. Consensus Guidance Using a Delphi Process [2024]
  • Evidence-based renewal of the Italian guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents and the diagnostic-clinical management of HIV-1 infected persons [2018]
  • Italian guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents and the diagnostic-clinical management of HIV-1 infected persons. Update 2016 [2017]
  • Italian guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents and the diagnostic-clinical management of HIV-1 infected persons. Update 2015 [2016]
  • Italian guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents and the diagnostic-clinical management of HIV-1 infected persons. Update December 2014 [2015]

• PLoS ONE
  • HIV Clinical Pathway: A New Approach to Combine Guidelines and Sustainability of Anti-Retroviral Treatment in Italy [2016]

• Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Management of low-level HIV viremia during antiretroviral therapy: Delphi consensus statement and appraisal of the evidence [2024]

• Viruses
  • Real-Life Impact of Drug Toxicity on Dolutegravir Tolerability: Clinical Practice Data from a Multicenter Italian Cohort [2022]

Jamaica

• PLoS ONE
  • Trends and factors associated with initiation of HIV treatment among PLHIV in Jamaica, 2015-2019 [2023]

Japan

• British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
  • Consideration of ethnic differences in approvals for anti-HIV medicines in Japan: Evaluation based on pharmacokinetic studies and post-marketing data [2025]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Understanding the Actual Use of Anti-HIV Drugs in Japan from 2016 to 2019: Demonstrating Epidemiological Relevance of NDB Open Data Japan for Understanding Japanese Medical Care [2022]

• Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
  • Prevalence and clinical characteristics of people with HIV with limited treatment options in Japan: A Japanese claims data analysis [2024]

• PLoS ONE
  • Antiretroviral therapies and status of people living with HIV in Japan: An update from hospital survey and national database [2025]

• Scientific Reports
  • Analysis of antiretroviral therapy switch rate and switching pattern for people living with HIV from a national database in Japan [2022]

Jordan

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical, molecular, and drug resistance epidemiology of HIV in Jordan, 2019-2021: A national study [2024]

Kazakhstan

• Scientific Reports
  • Antiretroviral therapy resistance mutations among HIV infected people in Kazakhstan [2022]

• Viruses
  • The Need for the Optimization of HIV Antiretroviral Therapy in Kazakhstan [2025]
  • High-Level Drug-Resistant Mutations among HIV-1 Subtype A6 and CRF02_AG in Kazakhstan [2023]

Kenya

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • Antiretroviral Treatment Scale-up Among Persons Living With HIV in Kenya: Results From a Nationally Representative Survey [2014]

• Ministry of Health Kenya
  • Guidelines on Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection in Kenya [2016]

• Pan African Medical Journal
  • An in vitro evaluation of drugs used in the Kenyan ART program [2016]

• PLoS ONE
  • Progress in Reversing the HIV Epidemic through Intensified Access to Antiretroviral Therapy: Results from a Nationally Representative Population-Based Survey in Kenya, 2012 [2016]
  • Positive Predictive Value of the WHO Clinical and Immunologic Criteria to Predict Viral Load Failure among Adults on First, or Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Kenya [2016]
  • Detectable HIV Viral Load in Kenya: Data from a Population-Based Survey [2016]

Kenya, Uganda

• PLoS ONE
  • Trends and Determinants of Antiretroviral Therapy Patient Monitoring Practices in Kenya and Uganda [2015]

Latin America

• AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
  • Transmitted Drug Resistance Among Antiretroviral-Naive Patients with Established HIV Type 1 Infection in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic and Review of the Latin American and Caribbean Literature [2012]

• Pan American Health Organization
  • Progress and challenges in implementing HIV care and treatment policies in Latin America following the treatment 2.0 initiative [2015]

Latin America and the Caribbean

• Pan American Health Organization
  • Updated Recommendations for Determining the Number of People with HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy, September 2021 [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Surveillance of HIV Transmitted Drug Resistance in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2016]

Lesotho

• Medicine
  • Should viral load thresholds be lowered? Revisiting the WHO definition for virologic failure in patients on antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings [2016]

• Ministry of Health Lesotho
  • National guidelines on the use of antiretroviral therapy for HIV prevention and treatment [2014]

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Adoption of new HIV treatment guidelines and drug substitutions within first-line as a measure of quality of care in rural Lesotho: health centers and hospitals compared [2012]

Low and middle income countries

• AIDS and Behavior
  • Ensuring People Living with HIV Inform the Future of HIV Treatment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review and Recommendations for a Community-Led Research Agenda [2024]

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • High HIV viral suppression among adults receiving WHO-recommended first-line dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of programmatic evidence [2025]

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Acceptability and feasibility of point-of-care CD4 testing on HIV continuum of care in low and middle income countries: a systematic review [2016]

• BMC Medicine
  • Feasibility of HIV point-of-care tests for resource-limited settings: challenges and solutions [2014]

• BMC Public Health
  • Viral load monitoring for people living with HIV in the era of test and treat: progress made and challenges ahead - a systematic review [2022]

• BMJ Global Health
  • Effect of same-day HIV treatment initiation (SDI) on 1-year outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials [2025]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Vital Signs: Progress Toward Eliminating HIV as a Global Public Health Threat Through Scale-Up of Antiretroviral Therapy and Health System Strengthening Supported by the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief — Worldwide, 2004–2022 [2023]
  • Notes from the Field: Impact of the COVID-19 Response on Scale-Up of HIV Viral Load Testing — PEPFAR-Supported Countries, January–June 2020 [2021]
  • Trends in Prevalence of Advanced HIV Disease at Antiretroviral Therapy Enrollment — 10 Countries, 2004–2015 [2017]

• Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • Scale-up of Routine Viral Load Testing in Resource-Poor Settings: Current and Future Implementation Challenges [2016]
  • Long-term Virological Outcomes of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-1 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2015]

• Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS
  • Long-acting antiretroviral therapy in low-income and middle-income countries: considerations for roll-out [2025]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Social and Structural Determinants of Household Support for ART Adherence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review [2020]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of retention and disengagement after initiation on antiretroviral therapy in low- and middle-income countries after the introduction of Universal Test and Treat policies [2025]
  • Reasons for disengagement from antiretroviral care in the era of "Treat All" in low- or middle-income countries: a systematic review [2024]
  • Cost-effectiveness of routine viral load monitoring in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review [2017]
  • Marked sex differences in all-cause mortality on antiretroviral therapy in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2016]

• Lancet Infectious Diseases
  • HIV-1 drug resistance before initiation or re-initiation of first-line antiretroviral therapy in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis [2018]

• Médecins Sans Frontières
  • Challenges and opportunities for the implementation of virological testing in resource-limited settings [2012]

• PLoS ONE
  • Implementation of point of care HIV viral load monitoring for people living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review on implementation research outcomes [2026]

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Self-transfer and mortality amongst adults lost to follow-up in ART programmes in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis [2015]

• World Health Organization
  • Accelerating the development of affordable HIV drug resistance testing for use in low-and middle-income settings: report of a virtual meeting, 27 January 2025 [2025]
  • Update on the transition to dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy [2022]
  • Antiretroviral medicines in low- and middle-income countries: forecasts of global and regional demand for 2021–2025 [2022]
  • Demand forecast for antiretroviral drugs in low and middle-income countries, 2007-2008 [2008]

Low-income countries

• Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy
  • How frequent is dolutegravir resistance? [2025]

Malawi

• BMC Public Health
  • Act local, think global: how the Malawi experience of scaling up antiretroviral treatment has informed global policy [2016]

• Implementation Science
  • The feasibility of automating audit and feedback for ART guideline adherence in Malawi [2011]
  • From PALSA PLUS to PALM PLUS: adapting and developing a South African guideline and training intervention to better integrate HIV/AIDS care with primary care in rural health centers in Malawi [2011]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Emerging Dolutegravir Resistance Among Children on Antiretroviral Therapy With Virological Failure in Malawi: Results From a 2023 National Cross-Sectional Survey [2026]
  • Antiretroviral drug supply challenges in the era of scaling up ART in Malawi [2011]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of the WHO-recommended advanced HIV disease package of care [2025]

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Factors associated with HIV viral suppression among children and adults receiving antiretroviral therapy in Malawi in 2021: Evidence from the Laboratory Management Information System [2022]

Mali

• International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
  • Antiretroviral-induced adverse drug reactions in HIV-infected patients in Mali: a resource-limited setting experience [2019]

Mexico

• PLoS ONE
  • CD4 Counts at Entry to HIV Care in Mexico for Patients under the “Universal Antiretroviral Treatment Program for the Uninsured Population,” 2007–2014 [2016]

Middle East

• Journal of Infection and Public Health
  • Consensus-based expert recommendations on the management of heavily treatment-experienced people living with HIV in the Middle East [2026]

Middle East, North Africa

• Virology Journal
  • What leads to treatment failure among people living with HIV: first systematic review from the Middle East and North Africa [2025]
  • Evaluating HIV drug resistance in the middle East and North Africa and its associated factors: a systematic review [2025]

• World Journal of Virology
  • Early initiation of antiretroviral treatment: Challenges in the Middle East and North Africa [2015]

Mozambique

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Cost-Effectiveness and Budget Impact Analysis of the Implementation of Differentiated Service Delivery Models for HIV Treatment in Mozambique: a Modelling Study [2024]

• Pan African Medical Journal
  • Evaluation of the Mozambique Antiretroviral Therapy (MozART) database as an antiretroviral therapy patient surveillance system, 2017-2018 [2022]
  • Evaluation of the HIV drug resistance surveillance system in Mozambique, 2017-2018 [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • The Clinical and Economic Impact of Point-of-Care CD4 Testing in Mozambique and Other Resource-Limited Settings: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis [2014]

• Viruses
  • HIV-1 Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Mozambique: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2024]
  • Molecular Epidemiology and Trends in HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Mozambique 1999-2018 [2022]

Myanmar

• International Health
  • Advanced HIV disease and associated attrition after re-engagement in HIV care in Myanmar from 2003 to 2019: a retrospective cohort study [2023]

• PLoS ONE
  • Viraemic-time predicts mortality among people living with HIV on second-line antiretroviral treatment in Myanmar: A retrospective cohort study [2022]

Namibia

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • Population-based Surveillance of HIV Drug Resistance Emerging on Treatment and Associated Factors at Sentinel Antiretroviral Therapy Sites in Namibia [2015]

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice
  • Tenofovir substitution in Namibia based on an analysis of the antiretroviral dispensing database [2015]

• Ministry of Health and Social Services
  • National guidelines for antiretroviral therapy [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Predictors of loss to follow-up from HIV antiretroviral therapy in Namibia [2022]
  • Assessment of the World Health Organization’s HIV Drug Resistance Early Warning Indicators in Main and Decentralized Outreach Antiretroviral Therapy Sites in Namibia [2016]
  • Nurse Task Shifting for Antiretroviral Treatment Services in Namibia: Implementation Research to Move Evidence into Action [2014]
  • HIV Drug Resistance Early Warning Indicators in Namibia with Updated World Health Organization Guidance [2014]

Nepal

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Strengthening adherence to Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART) monitoring and support: operation research to identify barriers and facilitators in Nepal [2015]

Netherlands

• BMJ Open
  • AIDS Therapy Evaluation in the Netherlands (ATHENA) national observational HIV cohort: cohort profile [2018]

• Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • Increased Virological Failure in Naive HIV-1–Infected Patients Taking Lamivudine Compared With Emtricitabine in Combination With Tenofovir and Efavirenz or Nevirapine in the Dutch Nationwide ATHENA Cohort [2014]

• Medicine
  • Longitudinal virological outcomes and factors associated with virological failure in behaviorally HIV-infected young adults on combination antiretroviral treatment in the Netherlands, 2000 to 2015 [2019]

Nigeria

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Rapid Scale-up of an Antiretroviral Therapy Program Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic — Nine States, Nigeria, March 31, 2019–September 30, 2020 [2021]

• Journal of Research in Health Sciences
  • Retention in Care Among People Living with HIV in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2024]

• PLoS ONE
  • Predictors of interruptions in antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV in Nigeria: a retrospective cohort study using the Nigeria national data repository [2025]
  • Effect of Test and Treat on clinical outcomes in Nigeria: A national retrospective study [2023]
  • Evaluation of the clinical outcomes of the Test and Treat strategy to implement Treat All in Nigeria: Results from the Nigeria Multi-Center ART Study [2019]
  • High rates of loss to follow-up during the first year of pre-antiretroviral therapy for HIV patients at sites providing pre-ART care in Nigeria, 2004–2012 [2017]
  • What Is the Economic Burden of Subsidized HIV/AIDS Treatment Services on Patients in Nigeria and Is This Burden Catastrophic to Households? [2016]
  • Outcomes of Nigeria's HIV/AIDS Treatment Program for Patients Initiated on Antiretroviral Treatment between 2004-2012 [2016]
  • Long-Term Outcomes on Antiretroviral Therapy in a Large Scale-Up Program in Nigeria [2016]

Papua New Guinea

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • High prevalence of pre-treatment HIV drug resistance in Papua New Guinea: findings from the first nationally representative pre-treatment HIV drug resistance study [2022]

Portugal

• PLoS ONE
  • Cost-Effectiveness of the Third-Agent Class in Treatment-Naive Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients in Portugal [2012]

• Revista de Saúde Pública
  • Direct treatment costs of HIV/AIDS in Portugal [2014]

Republic of Korea

• Infection & Chemotherapy
  • Trend of CD4+ Cell Counts at Diagnosis and Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART): Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study, 1992-2015 [2017]

• Scientific Reports
  • Effect of single tablet regimen on prescription trends for treatment-naïve patients with HIV/AIDS in Korea [2022]

• Yonsei Medical Journal
  • Survival Trend of HIV/AIDS Patients Starting Antiretroviral Therapy in South Korea between 2001 and 2015 [2020]

Russia

• Viruses
  • HIV-1 Drug Resistance among Treatment-Naïve Patients in Russia: Analysis of the National Database, 2006-2022 [2023]

Rwanda

• AIDS
  • Trends in and correlates of CD4+ cell count at antiretroviral therapy initiation after changes in national ART guidelines in Rwanda [2015]

• Antiviral Therapy
  • Acquired HIV drug resistance among adults living with HIV receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy in Rwanda: A cross-sectional nationally representative survey [2022]

• BMC Medicine
  • Improving health outcomes through concurrent HIV program scale-up and health system development in Rwanda: 20 years of experience [2015]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Phased implementation of spaced clinic visits for stable HIV-positive patients in Rwanda to support Treat All [2017]

Saudi Arabia

• Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
  • Antiretroviral therapy, CD4, viral load, and disease stage in HIV patients in Saudi Arabia: a 2001–2013 cross-sectional study [2015]

• Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia
  • Saudi Guidelines for HIV Treatment [2024]

Serbia, United Kingdom

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Choice of first-line antiretroviral therapy regimen and treatment outcomes for HIV in a middle income compared to a high income country: a cohort study [2016]

Singapore

• Communicable Diseases Agency
  • National HIV Programme: Recommendations for the Use of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Adults Living in Singapore

• Singapore Medical Journal
  • Recommendations for the use of antiretroviral therapy in adults living with human immunodeficiency virus in Singapore [2024]

South Africa

• AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
  • Primary Drug Resistance in South Africa: Data from 10 Years of Surveys [2012]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Prevalence and trends of advanced HIV disease among antiretroviral therapy-naïve and antiretroviral therapy-experienced patients in South Africa between 2010-2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Change of treatment guidelines and evolution of ART initiation in rural South Africa: data of a large HIV care and treatment programme [2015]

• EClinicalMedicine
  • Trends in Pretreatment HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Antiretroviral Therapy-naive Adults in South Africa, 2000–2016: A Pooled Sequence Analysis [2019]

• IeDEA International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS
  • The effect of care interruptions on mortality in adults resuming antiretroviral therapy [2024]

• International Health
  • Guidelines for the transfer of people living with HIV attending primary healthcare facilities in South Africa: a scoping review [2025]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Will differentiated care for stable HIV patients reduce healthcare systems costs? [2020]
  • Changes in second-line regimen durability and continuity of care in relation to national ART guideline changes in South Africa [2016]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Assessment of epidemic projections using recent HIV survey data in South Africa: a validation analysis of ten mathematical models of HIV epidemiology in the antiretroviral therapy era [2015]

• Médecins Sans Frontières
  • Supporting re-engagement with HIV services after treatment interruption in South Africa: a mixed method program evaluation of MSF's Welcome Service [2024]

• PLOS Computational Biology
  • Bridging the gap between HIV epidemiology and antiretroviral resistance evolution: Modelling the spread of resistance in South Africa [2019]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Estimating the impact of antiretroviral treatment on adult mortality trends in South Africa: A mathematical modelling study [2017]
  • Convergence of Mortality Rates among Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa and North America [2014]
  • Elimination of HIV in South Africa through Expanded Access to Antiretroviral Therapy: A Model Comparison Study [2013]

• PLoS ONE
  • Comparative cost analysis of point-of-care versus laboratory-based testing to initiate and monitor HIV treatment in South Africa [2019]
  • Changing the South African national antiretroviral therapy guidelines: The role of cost modelling [2017]
  • Views of Medical Doctors Regarding the 2013 WHO Adult HIV Treatment Guidelines Indicate Variable Applicability for Routine Patient Monitoring, for Their Family Members and for Themselves, in South-Africa [2016]
  • The Impact of the New WHO Antiretroviral Treatment Guidelines on HIV Epidemic Dynamics and Cost in South Africa [2011]

• South African Journal of Communication Disorders
  • Dysphagia and pill swallowing in HIV/AIDS in South Africa: Results of a scoping review [2023]

• Southern African HIV Clinicians Society
  • Southern African HIV Clinicians Society guidelines for antiretroviral therapy in adults: 2023 update [2023]
  • 2023 Southern African HIV Clinicians Society Adult Antiretroviral Therapy Guidelines: What's new? [2023]
  • Southern African HIV Clinicians Society guidelines for antiretroviral therapy in adults: 2020 update [2020]
  • Southern African HIV Clinicians Society Guidance on the use of dolutegravir in first-line antiretroviral therapy [2018]
  • Adult antiretroviral therapy guidelines 2017 [2017]

• Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine
  • Ten years of nurse-initiated antiretroviral treatment in South Africa: A narrative review of enablers and barriers [2021]
  • Loss to follow-up from antiretroviral therapy clinics: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies in South Africa from 2011 to 2015 [2019]

South Sudan

• International Journal of STD & AIDS
  • Viral load scale-up in south Sudan: Strategic implementation of tools to monitor HIV treatment success among people living with HIV [2022]

South-East Asia

• Journal of Public Health and Emergency
  • HIV drug resistance in Southeast Asia: prevalence, determinants, and strategic management [2022]

Southern Africa

• AIDS and Behavior
  • Prevalence and Determinants of Viral Suppression in Young People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in Southern Africa: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of HIV Survey Data of 2020 and 2021 [2025]

• Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
  • Acquired HIV drug resistance mutations on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Southern Africa: Systematic review and Bayesian evidence synthesis [2022]

• Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine
  • The role of rilpivirine in Southern Africa [2019]

Spain

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Potential healthcare resource use and associated costs of every 2 month injectable cabotegravir plus rilpivirine long-acting regimen implementation in the Spanish National Healthcare System compared to daily oral HIV treatments [2024]

• ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research
  • Antiretroviral treatment switch strategies for lowering the costs of antiretroviral therapy in subjects with suppressed HIV-1 viremia in Spain [2013]

• Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
  • Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide: A review of the real-world experience in Spain within the last five years [2026]
  • Cost analysis associated with intramuscular versus oral administration of antiretroviral therapy in the management of human immunodeficiency virus infection [2025]
  • Reasons for noncompliance with the national guidelines for initial antiretroviral therapy of HIV-infected patients in Spain, 2010–2015 [2019]

• Farmacia Hospitalaria
  • 2022 update of the indicators for quality of care and pharmaceutical care for people living with human immunodeficiency virus [2023]

• GESIDA
  • Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir/rilpivirine in real-world clinical practice. GeSIDA study 1119 [2023]
  • Executive summary of the GeSIDA consensus document on control and monitoring of HIV-infected patients [2019]
  • Executive summary of the GESIDA/National AIDS Plan Consensus Document on Antiretroviral Therapy in Adults Infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Updated January 2016) [2016]
  • Costs and cost-efficacy analysis of the 2016 GESIDA/Spanish AIDS National Plan recommended guidelines for initial antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adults [2016]

• Journal of Clinical Medicine
  • Temporal Trends and Geographic Variability in the Prescription of Antiretroviral Treatments in People Living with HIV in Spain, 2004-2020 [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Choice of the initial antiretroviral treatment for HIV-positive individuals in the era of integrase inhibitors [2019]
  • Economic and epidemiologic impact of guidelines for early ART initiation irrespective of CD4 count in Spain [2018]

• Scientific Reports
  • Prevalence and patterns of antiretroviral resistance in HIV-infected Latin American asylum seekers [2025]

Sri Lanka

• Ministry of Health Sri Lanka
  • A Guide to Antiretroviral Treatment [2020]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• AIDS
  • How do different eligibility guidelines for antiretroviral therapy affect the cost–effectiveness of routine viral load testing in sub-Saharan Africa? [2014]

• AIDS and Behavior
  • Community-Based ART Service Delivery for Key Populations in Sub-Saharan Africa: Scoping Review of Outcomes Along the Continuum of HIV Care [2022]
  • A Systematic Review of Linkage-to-Care and Antiretroviral Initiation Implementation Strategies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Across Sub-Saharan Africa [2022]

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • Effectiveness of differentiated antiretroviral therapy delivery models for stable persons living with HIV in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2026]
  • Standard of care in advanced HIV disease: review of HIV treatment guidelines in sub-Saharan African countries-an extension study of eight countries [2025]
  • Standard of care in advanced HIV disease: review of HIV treatment guidelines in six sub-Saharan African countries [2023]

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Barriers and facilitators to the implementation and scale up of differentiated service delivery models for HIV treatment in Africa: a scoping review [2022]
  • From policy to practice: exploring the implementation of antiretroviral therapy access and retention policies between 2013 and 2016 in six sub-Saharan African countries [2017]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Viral load suppression rate of third-line antiretroviral therapy and its association with gender among HIV patients after second-line treatment failure in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Bridging the gap: identifying barriers and strategies for widespread implementation of long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review [2025]

• BMC Medicine
  • The potential to expand antiretroviral therapy by improving health facility efficiency: evidence from Kenya, Uganda, and Zambia [2016]

• BMC Public Health
  • Prevalence and factors associated with HIV drug resistance among adult persons living with HIV/AIDS in nine countries of Sub-Saharan Africa using population-based HIV impact assessments: 2015-2019 [2025]
  • The viral load monitoring cascade in HIV treatment programmes in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review [2024]
  • A systematic review of the effectiveness of non- health facility based care delivery of antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa measured by viral suppression, mortality and retention on ART [2021]

• BMJ Global Health
  • Intergenerational spillover effects of antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review and future directions for research [2023]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • HIV Viral Load Monitoring Among Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy — Eight Sub-Saharan Africa Countries, 2013–2018 [2021]
  • Progress with Scale-Up of HIV Viral Load Monitoring — Seven Sub-Saharan African Countries, January 2015–June 2016 [2016]

• Frontiers in Immunology
  • Persistent immune dysfunction during suppressive antiretroviral therapy: implications for analytical treatment interruption trials for chronic HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa [2026]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Barriers to ART adherence in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review toward achieving UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets [2025]

• IeDEA International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS
  • Viral Load Status Before Switching to Dolutegravir-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy and Associations With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa [2022]

• Infectious Diseases of Poverty
  • Predictors of lost to follow up from antiretroviral therapy among adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
  • Antiretroviral therapy related adverse effects: Can sub-Saharan Africa cope with the new “test and treat” policy of the World Health Organization? [2017]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Interventions to Improve Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Updated Systematic Review [2021]

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Risk factors for late linkage to care and delayed antiretroviral therapy initiation among adults with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analyses [2022]

• Journal of Infection and Public Health
  • Systematic review of interventions aimed at improving HIV adherence to care in low- and middle-income countries in Sub-Saharan Africa [2022]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Acceleration of differentiated service delivery for HIV treatment in sub-Saharan Africa during COVID-19 [2021]
  • Interventions to improve the rate or timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy for HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: meta-analyses of effectiveness [2016]
  • Diagnostic accuracy of the WHO clinical staging system for defining eligibility for ART in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2014]

• Journal of Virus Eradication
  • Treating all people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a new era calling for new approaches [2018]
  • HIV drug resistance in sub-Saharan Africa: public health questions and the potential role of real-world data and mathematical modelling [2018]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Population size, HIV prevalence, and antiretroviral therapy coverage among key populations in sub-Saharan Africa: collation and synthesis of survey data, 2010-23 [2024]

• Lancet HIV
  • Updated assessment of risks and benefits of dolutegravir versus efavirenz in new antiretroviral treatment initiators in sub-Saharan Africa: modelling to inform treatment guidelines [2020]

• Microbiology Spectrum
  • Point of Care CD4 Testing in National Household Surveys - Results and Quality Indicators from Eleven Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA) Surveys [2023]

• Nature Communications
  • Potential impact and cost-effectiveness of long-acting injectable lenacapavir plus cabotegravir as HIV treatment in Africa [2025]

• Open Forum Infectious Diseases
  • Detection of HIV Virologic Failure and Switch to Second-Line Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Data From Sub-Saharan Africa [2022]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Changes in rapid HIV treatment initiation after national “treat all” policy adoption in 6 sub-Saharan African countries: Regression discontinuity analysis [2019]
  • Evidence for scaling up HIV treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: A call for incorporating health system constraints [2017]
  • Accelerating the Uptake and Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Operations Research Agenda [2016]

• PLoS ONE
  • The association between HIV pretreatment drug resistance and virological outcomes in children and adults in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • The epidemiology of HIV population viral load in twelve sub-Saharan African countries [2023]
  • Progress in scale up of HIV viral load testing in select sub-Saharan African countries 2016-2018 [2023]
  • The proportion of loss to follow-up from antiretroviral therapy (ART) and its association with age among adolescents living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • Strategies for retention of heterosexual men in HIV care in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review [2021]
  • Impact of "test and treat" recommendations on eligibility for antiretroviral treatment: Cross sectional population survey data from three high HIV prevalence countries [2018]
  • Uptake of WHO Recommendations for First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Kenya, Uganda, and Zambia [2015]
  • Multi-Country Analysis of Treatment Costs for HIV/AIDS (MATCH): Facility-Level ART Unit Cost Analysis in Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, South Africa and Zambia [2014]

• Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine
  • The evolution and adoption of World Health Organization policy guidelines on antiretroviral therapy initiation in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review [2020]
  • When will sub-Saharan Africa adopt HIV treatment for all? [2016]

• Tropical Medicine & International Health
  • Systematic review: Development of a person-centered care framework within the context of HIV treatment settings in sub-Saharan Africa [2022]

• Virology Journal
  • Prevalence and determinants of virologic failure among HIV patients on ART in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• World Health Organization
  • Review of product information for selected antiretroviral medicines circulating in five African countries [2022]

Sweden

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Comparative effectiveness of dolutegravir + lamivudine versus three-drug regimens in Swedish clinical practice: a nationwide study [2026]

• PLoS ONE
  • Longitudinal trends and determinants of patient-reported side effects on ART–a Swedish national registry study [2020]
  • HIV drug therapy duration; a Swedish real world nationwide cohort study on InfCareHIV 2009-2014 [2017]
  • Trends in Antiretroviral Therapy and Prevalence of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in Sweden 1997–2011 [2013]

Switzerland

• Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
  • Prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in proviral DNA in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, a retrospective study from 1995 to 2018 [2023]

• PLoS ONE
  • A Comparison of Initial Antiretroviral Therapy in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study and the Recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA [2011]

Taiwan

• Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection
  • Profiles and persistence of initial antiretroviral therapy among HIV infected patients in Taiwan: A nationwide population-based cross-sectional study from 2011 to 2017 [2022]
  • Impact of initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy according to the WHO recommendations on the survival of HIV-positive patients in Taiwan [2019]

Tajikistan

• Viruses
  • Viral Suppression Among People Living with HIV in Tajikistan: A Nationwide Analysis [2026]

Tanzania

• Journal of Global Health
  • Changes in patterns of retention in HIV care and antiretroviral treatment in Tanzania between 2008 and 2016: an analysis of routinely collected national programme data [2019]

• Journal of Infection and Public Health
  • Surveillance of HIV-1 drug resistance in Tanzania across the pre- and post-dolutegravir eras: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2026]

• PLoS ONE
  • Prevalence and correlates of low-level viremia and viral load non-suppression among adults on HIV treatment: Results from the Tanzania HIV Impact Survey, 2022-2023 [2026]
  • HIV viral suppression in the era of dolutegravir use: Findings from a national survey in Tanzania [2024]
  • Impact of Age and Sex on CD4+ Cell Count Trajectories following Treatment Initiation: An Analysis of the Tanzanian HIV Treatment Database [2016]

• Scientific Reports
  • Incidence and determinants of adverse events in individuals with HIV commencing Dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy in mainland Tanzania [2024]

• Viruses
  • The Magnitude and Patterns of Acquired Drug Resistance Mutations and Circulating HIV-1 Subtypes in HIV Patients in Tanzania, a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2025]

Thailand

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • Guidelines for antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infected adults and adolescents 2014, Thailand [2015]

Togo

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Prevalence of primary HIV-1 drug resistance among antiretroviral-naïve individuals in Togo in 2023: a national study [2025]

• Pan African Medical Journal
  • Loss of HIV-infected patients on potent antiretroviral therapy programs in Togo: risk factors and the fate of these patients [2013]

Türkiye

• Medicina
  • Switching to Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine in Turkey: Perspectives from People Living with HIV in a Setting of Increasing HIV Incidence [2025]

Uganda

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Universal test, treat, and keep: improving ART retention is key in cost-effective HIV control in Uganda [2017]

• BMC Public Health
  • Cost-effectiveness of early initiation of first-line combination antiretroviral therapy in Uganda [2012]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Scale-Up of HIV Antiretroviral Therapy and Estimation of Averted Infections and HIV-Related Deaths — Uganda, 2004–2022 [2023]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Durable viral suppression in the dolutegravir era: a data-enabled, risk-stratified model for integrated HIV care in Uganda [2026]

• Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
  • HIV drug resistance among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in Uganda [2021]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • Annual cost of antiretroviral therapy among three service delivery models in Uganda [2016]

• Ministry of Health Uganda
  • Consolidated guidelines for the prevention and treatment of HIV and AIDS in Uganda [2022]
  • National HIV Drug Resistance Prevention, Monitoring and Surveillance Activities, National Status Report [2018]

• PLoS ONE
  • Population-based monitoring of HIV drug resistance early warning indicators in Uganda: A nationally representative survey following revised WHO recommendations [2020]

Ukraine

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • Comparative Clinical Outcomes With Scale-up of Dolutegravir as First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Ukraine [2022]

United Kingdom

• AIDS
  • Late diagnosis in the HAART era: proposed common definitions and associations with mortality [2010]

• British HIV Association
  • BHIVA guidelines on antiretroviral treatment for adults living with HIV-1 2022 (2023 interim update) [2023]
  • BHIVA guidelines on antiretroviral treatment for adults living with HIV-1 2022 [2022]
  • Monitoring of older HIV-1-positive adults by HIV clinics in the United Kingdom: a national quality improvement initiative [2020]
  • BHIVA guidelines for the routine investigation and monitoring of adult HIV-1-positive individuals 2016 (2019 interim update) [2019]
  • British HIV Association guidelines for antiretroviral treatment of HIV-2-positive individuals 2010 [2010]

• Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
  • Surveillance of HIV-1 transmitted integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance in the UK [2020]

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Cabotegravir with rilpivirine for treating HIV-1 [2022]
  • Deep dermal injection of non-absorbable gel polymer for HIV-related lipoatrophy [2013]

• NHS England
  • Tenofovir alafenamide for treatment of HIV 1 in adults and adolescents [2025]
  • Fostemsavir for multi-drug resistant HIV-1 infection (adult) [2022]
  • Dolutegravir-rilpivirine for treating HIV-1 in adults [2020]
  • Dolutegravir / lamivudine for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) infected adults and adolescents over 12 years of age [2020]
  • Doravirine for the treatment of HIV-1 in adults [2019]
  • Immediate antiretroviral therapy for treatment of HIV-1 in adults and adolescents [2018]
  • Dolutegravir for treatment of HIV1 in adults and adolescents [2018]
  • Clinical Commissioning Policy: Use of cobicistat as a booster in treatment of HIV infection (all ages) [2018]
  • Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir for treatment of HIV in adults [2015]

United States

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
  • Association Between Outcomes and Dental Services in People Receiving Treatment for Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Rapid Response Review [2025]

• AIDS
  • Impact of increased uptake of long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy on HIV incidence and viral suppression in the United States under 2021 FDA guidelines [2025]

• AIDS and Behavior
  • A Systematic Review of Factors Critical for HIV Health Literacy, ART Adherence and Retention in Care in the U.S. for Racial and Ethnic Minorities [2022]

• AIDS Research and Therapy
  • A United States HIV provider survey of antiretroviral therapy management in people living with HIV with co-occurring conditions [2025]

• AIDS Research and Treatment
  • Current Challenges to the United States' AIDS Drug Assistance Program and Possible Implications of the Affordable Care Act [2013]

• Annals of Internal Medicine
  • Economic savings versus health losses: The cost-effectiveness of generic antiretroviral therapy in the United States [2013]

• Antiviral Therapy
  • The best backbone for HIV prevention, treatment, and elimination: Emtricitabine+tenofovir [2022]

• BMC Public Health
  • Achieving the "Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S." incidence reduction goals among at-risk populations in the South [2023]

• BMJ Global Health
  • Impact of the US Food and Drug Administration registration of antiretroviral drugs on global access to HIV treatment [2018]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Antiretroviral Therapy and Viral Suppression Among Active Duty Service Members with Incident HIV Infection — United States, January 2012–June 2018 [2020]
  • Nonadherence to Any Prescribed Medication Due to Costs Among Adults with HIV Infection — United States, 2016–2017 [2019]
  • Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Sustained Viral Suppression and Transmission Risk Potential Among Persons Receiving HIV Care — United States, 2014 [2018]
  • Differences in Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes Among Hispanic/Latino Men and Women Receiving HIV Medical Care — United States, 2013–2014 [2018]

• Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • Long-Acting Cabotegravir Plus Rilpivirine in People With HIV With Adherence Challenges and Viremia: Current Data and Future Directions [2025]

• Clinical Microbiology Reviews
  • Interactions between long-acting antiretrovirals and opioids: a call for clinical awareness [2026]

• Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
  • Lenacapavir: Playing the Long Game in the New Era of Antiretrovirals [2025]

• Clinicalinfo
  • Laboratory Testing for Initial Assessment and Monitoring of People With HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy
  • Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents With HIV
  • Drug-Resistance Testing
  • Adverse Effects of Antiretroviral Agents

• Drugs
  • HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors: A Comparative Review of Efficacy and Safety [2020]

• Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy
  • Continuous care engagement in clinical practice: perspectives on selected current strategies for people with HIV in the United States [2024]

• Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology
  • An update on drug-drug interactions in older adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [2024]
  • Beyond one pill, once daily: current challenges of antiretroviral therapy management in the United States [2019]

• Food and Drug Administration
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection: Developing Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment Guidance for Industry [2015]

• Infectious Diseases Society of America
  • A Call to Action: The Role of Antiretroviral Stewardship in Inpatient Practice, a Joint Policy Paper of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, HIV Medicine Association, and American Academy of HIV Medicine [2020]
  • Essential Components of Effective HIV Care: A Policy Paper of the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Ryan White Medical Providers Coalition [2011]

• International Antiviral Society-USA
  • Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV in Adults: 2024 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel [2025]
  • Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults: 2022 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel [2023]
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance: 2018 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel [2018]

• Journal of Primary Care & Community Health
  • From Weight Gain to Heart Strain: HIV Antiretroviral Adverse Effect Management in Primary Care [2025]

• Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care
  • Economic Burden of HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Adverse Events in the United States [2016]
  • Clinician Perspectives on Delaying Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy for Clinically Eligible HIV-Infected Patients [2015]

• National HIV Curriculum
  • Evaluation and Management of Virologic Failure
  • Drug Interactions with Antiretroviral Medications
  • Antiretroviral Therapy
  • Antiretroviral Medications
  • Adverse Effects of Antiretroviral Medications

• National Institutes of Health
  • HIV Treatment Guidelines

• New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute
  • Virologic and Immunologic Monitoring in HIV Care
  • Laboratory Monitoring for Adverse Effects of ART
  • HIV Treatment
  • HIV Resistance Assays

• Open Forum Infectious Diseases
  • A National HIV Provider Survey of Antiretroviral Therapy Preferences for Management of Treatment-Naive and Experienced Individuals With Drug Resistance [2023]
  • Toward Ending the HIV Epidemic: Temporal Trends and Disparities in Early ART Initiation and Early Viral Suppression Among People Newly Entering HIV Care in the United States, 2012-2018 [2022]

• Pharmacotherapy
  • Consensus recommendations for the use of novel antiretrovirals in persons with HIV who are heavily treatment-experienced and/or have multidrug-resistant HIV-1: Endorsed by the American Academy of HIV Medicine, American College of Clinical Pharmacy [2024]

• PLoS ONE
  • Geographic Variations in Retention in Care among HIV-Infected Adults in the United States [2016]
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Single- Versus Generic Multiple-Tablet Regimens for Treatment of HIV-1 Infection in the United States [2016]

• StatPearls
  • HIV Antiretroviral Therapy

• Women's Health
  • Factors associated with viral suppression among cisgender women living with human immunodeficiency virus in the United States: An integrative review [2022]

Uruguay

• Viruses
  • HIV Drug Resistance in Adults Initiating or Reinitiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Uruguay-Results of a Nationally Representative Survey, 2018-2019 [2023]

Vietnam

• Current HIV/AIDS Reports
  • Enhancing the Benefits of Antiretroviral Therapy in Vietnam: Towards Ending AIDS [2014]

• Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
  • Costing Analysis of National HIV Treatment and Care Program in Vietnam [2014]

• Journal of the International AIDS Society
  • The prevalence of pre-treatment and acquired HIV drug resistance in Vietnam: a nationally representative survey, 2017-2018 [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Assessment of WHO criteria for identifying ART treatment failure in Vietnam from 2007 to 2011 [2017]

• Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal
  • Viral load suppression and acquired HIV drug resistance in adults receiving antiretroviral therapy in Viet Nam: results from a nationally representative survey [2018]

West and Central Africa

• UNAIDS
  • The western and central Africa catch-up plan — Putting HIV treatment on the fast-track by 2018 [2017]
  • 90–90–90 - An ambitious treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic [2017]

Western countries

• Pharmacotherapy
  • Consensus recommendations for use of long-acting antiretroviral medications in the treatment and prevention of HIV-1: Endorsed by the American Academy of HIV Medicine, American College of Clinical Pharmacy, Canadian HIV and Viral Hepatitis Pharmacists Network, European AIDS Clinical Society, and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists [2024]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Supporting re-engagement in HIV treatment services [2024]
  • Optimization of second-line and third-line antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV: meeting report, 27-28 November 2023 [2024]
  • HIV drug resistance – brief report 2024 [2024]
  • 2023 WHO think tank on treatment optimization of HIV [2024]
  • The role of HIV viral suppression in improving individual health and reducing transmission [2023]
  • Report on the global action plan on HIV drug resistance 2017–2021 [2023]
  • Policy brief on integrating and strengthening monitoring of differentiated ART service delivery [2023]
  • Module for assessing and strengthening the quality of viral load testing data within HIV programmes and patient monitoring systems: implementation tool, 2nd ed [2023]
  • Sentinel surveys of acquired HIV resistance to dolutegravir among people receiving dolutegravir-containing antiretroviral therapy [2022]
  • Priorities for antiretroviral drug optimization in adults and children report of a CADO, PADO and HIVResNet joint meeting [2022]
  • WHO HIV drug resistance network steering group meeting report, June 2021 [2021]
  • HIV drug resistance strategy, 2021 update [2021]
  • HIV drug resistance report 2021 [2021]
  • Clinic-based survey of acquired HIV drug resistance [2021]
  • WHO manual for HIV drug resistance testing using dried blood spot specimens [2020]
  • WHO HIVResNet HIV drug resistance laboratory operational framework [2020]
  • Surveillance of antiretroviral toxicity: global HIV, hepatitis and STIs programme: what's new in person-centred HIV patient and antiretroviral drug toxicity monitoring: technical brief [2020]
  • Module for assessing and strengthening the quality of viral load testing data within HIV programmes and patient monitoring systems [2020]
  • Update of recommendations on first- and second-line antiretroviral regimens [2019]
  • Treat all: policy adoption and implementation status in countries [2019]
  • Considerations for developing a monitoring and evaluation framework for viral load testing [2019]
  • WHO HIV ResNet 2017 meeting report [2018]
  • Updated recommendations on first-line and second-line antiretroviral regimens and post-exposure prophylaxis and recommendations on early infant diagnosis of HIV [2018]
  • Policy brief: updated recommendations on first-line and second-line antiretroviral regimens and post-exposure prophylaxis and recommendations on early infant diagnosis of HIV: HIV treatment, interim guidance [2018]
  • Policy brief: update on antiretroviral regimens for treating and preventing HIV infection and update on early infant diagnosis of HIV: interim guidance [2018]
  • Global action plan on HIV drug resistance 2017-2021: 2018 progress report, July 2018: executive summary [2018]
  • Data quality assessment of national and partner HIV treatment and patient monitoring data and systems: implementation tool [2018]
  • Transition to new antiretroviral drugs in HIV programmes: clinical and programmatic considerations [2017]
  • Surveillance of HIV drug resistance in children newly diagnosed with HIV by early infant diagnosis: concept note [2017]
  • Key considerations for differentiated antiretroviral therapy delivery for specific populations: children, adolescents, pregnant and breastfeeding women and key populations [2017]
  • HIV treatment: transition to new antiretrovirals in HIV programmes: policy brief [2017]
  • HIV treatment and care: what's new in treatment monitoring: viral load and CD4 testing: information note [2017]
  • HIV drug resistance: tackling HIV drug resistance: trends, guidelines and global actions: policy brief [2017]
  • HIV drug resistance surveys: tool for data entry: user manual [2017]
  • Guidelines on the public health response to pretreatment HIV drug resistance: July 2017 [2017]
  • Guidelines for managing advanced HIV disease and rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy [2017]
  • Guidance for sampling ART clinics in countries combining surveillance of pre-treatment HIV drug resistance and acquired HIV drug resistance at 12 and 48+ months [2017]
  • Global action plan on HIV drug resistance 2017–2021 [2017]
  • HIV drug resistance surveillance guidance [2016]
  • Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach, 2nd ed [2016]
  • Policy brief: consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: what’s new [2015]
  • Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV [2015]
  • Surveillance of HIV drug resistance in adults receiving ART [2014]
  • Surveillance of HIV drug resistance in adults initiating antiretroviral therapy - pre-treatment HIV drug resistance [2014]
  • The next generation of the World Health Organization's global antiretroviral guidance [2013]
  • WHO consultation: the strategic use of antiretrovirals for treatment and prevention of HIV infection: 2nd Expert Panel meeting: executive summary: 4 May 2012, Geneva [2012]
  • Global forecasts of antiretroviral demand 2012-2013: joint WHO/UNAIDS annual consultation with pharmaceutical companies [2012]
  • Short-term priorities for antiretroviral drug optimization: meeting report [2011]
  • Laboratory Monitoring - Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection in Adults and Adolescents [2010]
  • Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents. Recommendations for a public health approach (2010 revision) [2010]
  • Interventions to address HIV in prisons: HIV care, treatment and support [2007]
  • Tackling HIV drug resistance
  • Surveillance of acquired HIV drug resistance in populations receiving ART
  • Monitoring toxicity of antiretrovirals
  • HIV drug resistance: Fact sheet
  • HIV drug resistance
  • Antiretroviral Drug Optimization

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • HIV test–treat–retain cascade analysis: Guide and tools 2017 [2017]
  • Accelerating HIV treatment in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean and UNAIDS Middle East and North Africa regions [2013]

WHO South-East Asia Region

• WHO South-East Asia Region
  • Guidelines for HIV diagnosis and monitoring of antiretroviral therapy, Rev.2 [2009]

Zambia

• PLoS Medicine
  • Estimating the real-world effects of expanding antiretroviral treatment eligibility: Evidence from a regression discontinuity analysis in Zambia [2018]

• PLoS ONE
  • Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking associated with decreased antiretroviral therapy adherence among people living with HIV in Zambia: Evidence from a 2023 national NCDs/ HIV survey [2026]

Zimbabwe

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Strengthening and enhancing national antiretroviral drug resistance surveillance in Zimbabwe-A country that has reached UNAIDS 95-95-95 amongst adults [2024]
  • HIV Disease Progression Among Antiretroviral Therapy Patients in Zimbabwe: A Multistate Markov Model [2019]

• Public Health Action
  • Critical considerations for adopting the HIV ‘treat all’ approach in Zimbabwe: is the nation poised? [2016]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Pre-exposure prophylaxis
  • Post-exposure prophylaxis
  • HIV/AIDS