Africa - Africa, Asia - Albania - Americas - Asia - Asia-Pacific - Australia - Bahrain - Bangladesh - Belarus - Belgium - Brazil - Burkina Faso - Cambodia - Canada - Central Asia and the Caucasus - Central Asia, Europe - China - Democratic Republic of the Congo - Denmark - Developing countries - East Africa - Eastern Mediterranean, Middle East - Egypt - Ethiopia - Europe - Europe, United States - Finland - France - Gambia - Georgia - Germany - Ghana - Greece - Gulf Cooperation Council - Hong Kong - India - Indonesia - International - Iran - Iraq - Ireland - Italy - Japan - Jordan - Kazakhstan - Kenya - Kiribati - Kyrgyzstan - Laos - Low and middle income countries - Malaysia - Maldives - Maldives, Sri Lanka - Mediterranean countries - Mexico - Middle East - Middle East, North Africa - Morocco - Myanmar - Nepal - New Zealand - Nigeria - North Korea - Norway - Oman - Pakistan - Papua New Guinea - Philippines - Poland - Qatar - Republic of Korea - Romania - Russia - Saudi Arabia - Sierra Leone - Singapore - South Africa - South Asia - Spain - Sub-Saharan Africa - Sudan - Sweden - Switzerland - Taiwan - Tajikistan - Tanzania - Thailand - Türkiye - Uganda - United Kingdom - United States - Uzbekistan - Vietnam - Western countries - WHO - WHO South-East Asia Region - WHO Western Pacific Region - Zambia - {Related topics}

Africa

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Progress Toward Hepatitis B Control and Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus — World Health Organization African Region, 2016–2021 [2023]

• Lancet Microbe
  • Strengthening hepatitis B virus clinical research in Africa: the need for multistakeholder collaboration, funding, and political will [2026]

• PLoS Medicine
  • Hepatitis B virus seroepidemiology data for Africa: Modelling intervention strategies based on a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

• Scientific Reports
  • Mapping hepatitis B virus genotypes on the African continent from 1997 to 2021: a systematic review with meta-analysis [2023]

Africa, Asia

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Among Healthcare Workers in Asia and Africa and Its Association With Their Knowledge and Awareness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]

Albania

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in Albania [2009]

Americas

• Lancet Regional Health – Americas
  • Alignment of countries in the Americas with the latest WHO guidelines for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection: a review [2024]

Asia

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing
  • Correlates of Hepatitis B Virus-related Stigmatization Experienced by Asians: A Scoping Review of Literature [2016]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Burden of hepatitis B virus-associated liver cancer in Asia: findings from the global burden of disease study [2026]

• Journal of Gastroenterology
  • An expert review on the use of tenofovir alafenamide for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Asia [2020]

Asia-Pacific

• Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver
  • APASL clinical practice guideline on hepatitis B reactivation related to the use of immunosuppressive therapy [2021]
  • Asian-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B: a 2015 update [2016]

• Hepatology International
  • Assessing pricing and affordability of HBV treatment in Asia-Pacific region: a barrier to elimination [2025]

Australia

• Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
  • Treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection
  • National HBV Testing Policy
  • Hepatitis B prevalence and epidemiology in Australia
  • Hepatitis B
  • Decision Making In Hepatitis B
  • B Positive | Hepatitis B for Primary Care

• Australian Family Physician
  • Chronic hepatitis B – what’s new? [2013]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Chronic hepatitis B prevalence among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians since universal vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2013]

• Department of Health, Disability and Ageing
  • Australian vaccine preventable disease epidemiological review series: Hepatitis B, 2000-2019 [2024]
  • Hepatitis B | The Australian Immunisation Handbook

• Gastroenterological Society of Australia
  • Australian consensus recommendations for the management of hepatitis B infection [2022]

• International Journal of Drug Policy
  • Prevalence and engagement with healthcare services for hepatitis B infection among people in prison in Australia: the AusHep study [2025]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • A Rapid Review of Interventions to Increase Hepatitis B Testing, Treatment, and Monitoring among Migrants Living in Australia [2022]

• NSW Health
  • Neonatal and Infant Hepatitis B Prevention and Vaccination Program Policy Directive
  • Hepatitis B control guideline

• WA Health
  • Hepatitis B

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Cost of treating chronic hepatitis B: Comparison of current treatment guidelines [2012]

Bahrain

• PLoS ONE
  • Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Bahrain, 2000 through 2010 [2014]

Bangladesh

• Epidemiology & Infection
  • The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Bangladesh: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

• Genes
  • Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Bangladesh: Prevalence among General Population, Risk Groups and Genotype Distribution [2018]

Belarus

• Vaccine
  • Hepatitis B serosurvey to validate the achievement of regional hepatitis B control targets in Belarus [2025]

Belgium

• EuroSurveillance
  • Combined HBsAg and anti-HBc testing is required to estimate hepatitis B virus seroprevalence in a low-endemic country: findings from a nationwide population-based serosurvey, Belgium, 2020 [2026]

Brazil

• BMC Public Health
  • Regional differences and temporal trend analysis of Hepatitis B in Brazil [2022]

• Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Brazilian Society of Hepatology and Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatitis B [2020]
  • Economic evaluation of treatments for chronic hepatitis B [2013]

• Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
  • Distribution of hepatitis B infection in Brazil: the epidemiological situation at the beginning of the 21st century [2015]

• Scientific Reports
  • Clinical, epidemiological aspects, and trends of Hepatitis B in Brazil from 2007 to 2018 [2021]

• Viruses
  • Hepatitis B Hospitalizations in Brazil: Temporal and Regional Patterns from 2008 to 2023 [2025]

Burkina Faso

• BMC Public Health
  • High prevalence of hepatitis B infections in Burkina Faso (1996–2017): a systematic review with meta-analysis of epidemiological studies [2018]

Cambodia

• Archives of Public Health
  • Prevalence and genotype distribution of viral hepatitis B in Cambodia between 1990 and 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

Canada

• BC Centre for Disease Control
  • Hepatitis B

• Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver
  • Management of chronic hepatitis B: Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver consensus guidelines [2012]

• Government of Alberta
  • Alberta public health disease management guidelines : Hepatitis B - acute and chronic

• JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
  • Estimating Chronic Hepatitis B Prevalence and Undiagnosed Proportion in Canada, 2007-2021: Mathematical Framework Development [2025]

• Ontario Health
  • Hepatitis B Virus Screening and Management for Patients Receiving Systemic Treatment [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Hepatitis B Screening and Vaccination Strategies for Newly Arrived Adult Canadian Immigrants and Refugees: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis [2013]

• Public Health Agency of Canada
  • Summary of the NACI update on the recommended use of hepatitis B vaccine [2017]
  • Primary Care Management of Hepatitis B [2014]
  • Hepatitis B surveillance in Canada: 2005-2012 [2014]
  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
  • Hepatitis B vaccines: Canadian Immunization Guide

• Public Health Ontario
  • Hepatitis B (Chronic)
  • Hepatitis B (Acute)

Central Asia and the Caucasus

• Viruses
  • HBV Prevention and Treatment in Countries of Central Asia and the Caucasus [2020]

Central Asia, Europe

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Health and economic impact of hepatitis B vaccination in the national immunization program in Belarus, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan-a modelling study [2025]

China

• BioMed Research International
  • Serum/Plasma MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma in China [2015]

• BioScience Trends
  • Strategies to prevent hepatitis B virus infection in China: immunization, screening, and standard medical practices [2013]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatitis B infection in the general population of China: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]

• BMC Public Health
  • Spatial and temporal distribution patterns and factors influencing hepatitis B in China: a geo-epidemiological study [2025]
  • Modelling the prevalence of hepatitis B towards eliminating it as a major public health threat in China [2022]
  • Evaluating the independent influence of sexual transmission on HBV infection in China: a modeling study [2021]

• BMJ Global Health
  • Effectiveness of the National Immunisation Programme and the catch-up vaccination on the incidence of hepatitis B in China: an interrupted time series analysis from 2005 to 2019 [2025]

• BMJ Open
  • Prevalence of low-level viremia in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• China CDC Weekly
  • Exporting China’s Successes in Vaccine Preventable Hepatitis [2020]
  • Control of Chronic Hepatitis B in China: Perspective of Diagnosis and Treatment [2020]
  • Acute Hepatitis B — China, 2005-2019 [2020]

• Chinese Medical Journal
  • Trends in mortality of liver disease due to hepatitis B in China from 1990 to 2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study [2022]

• Drug Design, Development and Therapy
  • Pegylated Interferon-a-Induced Functional Cure for Special Populations with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Current Trends, Challenges and Prospection [2025]
  • Clinical utility of entecavir for chronic hepatitis B in Chinese patients [2013]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Defining success in functional cure for chronic hepatitis B: a nationwide survey of physician benchmarks to guide clinical practice and trial design [2026]

• Hepatology
  • Contemporary Clinical Research of Traditional Chinese Medicines for Chronic Hepatitis B in China: An Analytical Review [2010]

• Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
  • Strategy vaccination against Hepatitis B in China [2015]
  • Healthy adult vaccination: An urgent need to prevent hepatitis B in China [2015]

• Infectious Diseases of Poverty
  • Impact of the national hepatitis B immunization program in China: a modeling study [2022]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic HBV-Infected Chinese: A Meta-Analysis [2016]

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Helicobacter pylori infection may increase the risk of progression of chronic hepatitis B disease among the Chinese population: a meta-analysis [2016]

• JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
  • Epidemic Trends and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Hepatitis B in China: Surveillance Study [2025]

• Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology
  • Epidemiology, Achievements, and Challenges in the Elimination of Hepatitis B in China [2025]
  • Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B (version 2022) [2023]
  • Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B [2021]
  • Guideline of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis B (2015 Update) [2017]

• Journal of Global Health
  • Costs and health impact of delayed implementation of a national hepatitis B treatment program in China [2022]

• Medical Microbiology and Immunology
  • Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B in China [2015]

• Medicine
  • Effects of different therapeutic methods on the 90-day prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF: A systematic review and network meta-analysis [2025]
  • Estimating the impact of test-and-treat strategies on hepatitis B virus infection in China by using an age-structured mathematical model [2018]

• PLoS ONE
  • Tenofovir alafenamide is superior to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and entecavir in cost-effectiveness of treatment of chronic hepatitis B in China with new volume-based procurement policy [2025]
  • Epidemiological trends and projections to 2035 of hepatitis B burden in China, 1990-2021 [2025]
  • Cost-Effectiveness and Cost Thresholds of Generic and Brand Drugs in a National Chronic Hepatitis B Treatment Program in China [2015]

• Scientific Reports
  • Protective effect of vaccinating infants with a 5 µg recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine and the need for a booster dose in China [2020]
  • Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and status of HBV care among rural women who planned to conceive in China [2017]

• Vaccines
  • Adult Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination Coverage in China from 2011 to 2021: A Systematic Review [2022]

• Virology Journal
  • Disease burden of chronic hepatitis B and complications in China from 2006 to 2050: an individual-based modeling study [2020]

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection and impact of vaccination [2015]

• World Journal of Hepatology
  • Treating chronic hepatitis B virus: Chinese physicians’ awareness of the 2010 guidelines [2016]

Democratic Republic of the Congo

• Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  • Children with hepatitis B virus infections, Democratic Republic of the Congo [2025]

• Viruses
  • Viral Hepatitis B and Its Implications for Public Health in DR Congo: A Systematic Review [2024]

Denmark

• EuroSurveillance
  • Hepatitis B vaccination coverage and risk factors associated with incomplete vaccination of children born to hepatitis B surface antigen-positive mothers, Denmark, 2006 to 2010 [2016]
  • Hepatitis B prevalence in Denmark - an estimate based on nationwide registers and a national screening programme, as on 31 December 2007 [2013]

Developing countries

• Vaccines
  • Knowledge, Vaccination Status, and Reasons for Avoiding Vaccinations against Hepatitis B in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review [2021]

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Hepatitis B virus burden in developing countries [2015]

East Africa

• Archives of Public Health
  • Prevalence and predictors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in east Africa: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies published from 2005 to 2020 [2021]

Eastern Mediterranean, Middle East

• International Journal of Preventive Medicine
  • A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Prevalence of HBsAg in Health Care Workers from Eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Countries [2019]

Egypt

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in Egypt (2000-2022): a systematic review with meta-analysis [2023]

• World Journal of Hepatology
  • Occult hepatitis B virus infection in Egypt [2015]

Ethiopia

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and its associated factors in Ethiopia: a recent systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Practice on hepatitis B virus infection prevention and associated factors in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• PLoS ONE
  • An umbrella review navigating the nationwide burden of hepatitis B virus infection in Ethiopia: A call for action on vaccination, safe blood, and infection prevention [2026]
  • Full-dose hepatitis B virus vaccination coverage and associated factors among health care workers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

Europe

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Estimating hepatitis B virus prevalence among key population groups for European Union and European Economic Area countries and the United Kingdom: a modelling study [2023]
  • Estimating the scale of chronic hepatitis B virus infection among migrants in EU/EEA countries [2018]

• Clinical Microbiology and Infection
  • Differences in the availability of diagnostics and treatment modalities for chronic hepatitis B across Europe [2015]

• Epidemiology & Infection
  • Hepatitis B virus infection in EU/EEA and United Kingdom prisons: a descriptive analysis [2021]

• European Association for the Study of the Liver
  • EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection [2025]
  • EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection [2017]
  • EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of chronic hepatitis B [2012]

• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
  • Guidelines on the prevention of hepatitis B virus transmission through substances of human origin [2026]
  • Hepatitis B vaccination policies, practices and challenges to achieving hepatitis elimination in the European Union and European Economic Area [2025]
  • Hepatitis B - Annual Epidemiological Report 2023 [2025]
  • Vaccine Scheduler - Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis B

• European Medicines Agency
  • Clinical investigation of hepatitis B immunoglobulins - Scientific guideline
  • Clinical evaluation of medicinal products intended for treatment of hepatitis B - Scientific guideline

• European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition
  • Management of chronic hepatitis B in childhood: ESPGHAN clinical practice guidelines [2013]

• EuroSurveillance
  • Use of the Workbook Method to estimate the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infections in the European Union and European Economic Area, 2022 [2026]
  • Estimates of hepatitis B virus prevalence among general population and key risk groups in EU/EEA/UK countries: a systematic review [2023]
  • Impact of hepatitis B vaccination on acute hepatitis B epidemiology in European Union/European Economic Area countries, 2006 to 2014 [2018]

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • The Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Screening for and Vaccination Against Hepatitis B Virus among Migrants in the EU/EEA: A Systematic Review [2018]

• Journal of Travel Medicine
  • Hepatitis B infection and immunity in migrant children and pregnant persons in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]

• Transplant International
  • Economic Impact of European Liver and Intestine Transplantation Association (ELITA) Recommendations for Hepatitis B Prophylaxis After Liver Transplantation [2023]

• Weekly Epidemiological Record
  • Progress towards hepatitis B control – WHO European Region, 2016–2019 [2021]

Europe, United States

• European Association for the Study of the Liver
  • Guidance for design and endpoints of clinical trials in chronic hepatitis B - Report from the 2019 EASL-AASLD HBV Treatment Endpoints Conference [2020]

Finland

• Vaccine
  • Epidemiology of hepatitis B infection in Finland: Implications for immunisation policy [2016]

France

• Digestive Diseases and Sciences
  • Effectiveness and Safety of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Chronic Hepatitis B: A 3-Year, Prospective, Real-World Study in France [2016]

Gambia

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Efficacy and effectiveness of infant vaccination against chronic hepatitis B in the Gambia Hepatitis Intervention Study (1986-90) and in the nationwide immunisation program [2014]

• Journal of Global Health
  • Cost-effectiveness of different monitoring strategies in a screening and treatment programme for hepatitis B in The Gambia [2023]

• Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Occult Hepatitis B Infection in The Gambia, West Africa [2022]

• Lancet Global Health
  • Treat All versus targeted strategies to select HBV-infected people for antiviral therapy in The Gambia, west Africa: a cost-effectiveness analysis [2024]
  • Cost-effectiveness of community-based screening and treatment for chronic hepatitis B in The Gambia: an economic modelling analysis [2016]
  • Acceptability and feasibility of a screen-and-treat programme for hepatitis B virus infection in The Gambia: the Prevention of Liver Fibrosis and Cancer in Africa (PROLIFICA) study [2016]

• PLoS ONE
  • 20-Years of Population-Based Cancer Registration in Hepatitis B and Liver Cancer Prevention in The Gambia, West Africa [2013]

• Tropical Medicine and Health
  • Population-Based Interventions to Reduce the Public Health Burden Related with Hepatitis B Virus Infection in The Gambia, West Africa [2014]

Georgia

• EuroSurveillance
  • Toward reaching hepatitis B goals: hepatitis B epidemiology and the impact of two decades of vaccination, Georgia, 2021 [2023]

Germany

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatitis B vaccination coverage in Germany: systematic review [2021]

• Epidemiology & Infection
  • Evidence of very low hepatitis B virus prevalence in children and adolescents in Germany: National cross-sectional study, 2014-2017 [2025]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Increasing Number of Individuals Receiving Hepatitis B nucleos(t)ide Analogs Therapy in Germany, 2008–2019 [2021]

Ghana

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatitis B in Ghana: a systematic review & meta-analysis of prevalence studies (1995-2015) [2016]

• BMC Public Health
  • A nationwide cross-sectional review of in-hospital hepatitis B virus testing and disease burden estimation in Ghana, 2016 - 2021 [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Prevalence of viral hepatitis B in Ghana between 2015 and 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

Greece

• Annals of Gastroenterology
  • The changing epidemiology of hepatitis B in Greece [2021]

Gulf Cooperation Council

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus infection in the Gulf Cooperation Council: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

Hong Kong

• Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal
  • Surveillance and response of hepatitis B virus in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 1988–2014 [2016]

India

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatitis-B virus infection in India: Findings from a nationally representative serosurvey, 2017-18 [2020]

• Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology
  • INASL Position Statements on Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in India: The Andaman Statements [2018]
  • Tackling the Hepatitis B Disease Burden in India [2014]

• Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology
  • Current Scenario of Hepatitis B and Its Treatment in India [2017]

• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
  • Technical Guidelines for Diagnosis & management of Hepatitis B [2019]

Indonesia

• PeerJ
  • The effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccine in toddlers based on the five-year period national basic health research (Riskesdas 2007, 2013 and 2018) in Indonesia [2023]

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Current hepatitis B virus infection situation in Indonesia and its genetic diversity [2016]
  • Hepatitis B virus infection in Indonesia [2015]

International

• Annals of Hepatology
  • Impact of hepatitis B surface antigen quantification on achieving a functional cure in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• Annals of Medicine
  • Global burden, trends and inequalities of hepatitis B among women of childbearing age, 1990-2021 [2025]

• BMC Gastroenterology
  • Global prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its influencing factors among chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Global burden and forecast of acute viral hepatitis B among women of childbearing age: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021 [2026]

• BMC Public Health
  • Global, regional, and national total burden related to hepatitis B in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021 [2024]

• Chinese Medical Journal
  • Global epidemiology of liver cancer burden due to hepatitis B virus: A comprehensive estimate based on Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 [2025]

• Clinical and Experimental Medicine
  • Hepatitis B virus infection after immunization: How serious it is? An updated review [2025]

• Clinical and Molecular Hepatology
  • Update on the treatment navigation for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B: Expert consensus 2.0 [2025]
  • Comparison of clinical practice guidelines for the management of chronic hepatitis B: When to start, when to change, and when to stop [2020]

• Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology
  • Global, Regional, and National Burden of Chronic Hepatitis B-Related Cirrhosis From 1990 to 2021 and Projections to 2050: A Finding From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 [2025]

• Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • Chronic Hepatitis B Finite Treatment: Similar and Different Concerns With New Drug Classes [2024]

• Clinical Liver Disease
  • Developing an Evidence Base for the Delivery of Hepatitis B Virus Birth Dose Vaccination: An Evidence Map and Critical Appraisal of Systematic Reviews and Guidelines [2021]
  • Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus: A Review of Clinical Guidelines [2020]

• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Entecavir for children and adults with chronic hepatitis B [2025]

• Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
  • Hepatitis B Virus Epidemiology [2015]

• Cureus
  • Challenges in Formulation and Implementation of Hepatitis B Elimination Programs [2021]

• Drug Safety
  • Consensus Guidelines: Best Practices for the Prevention, Detection and Management of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in Clinical Trials with Immunosuppressive/Immunomodulatory Therapy [2024]

• Euroasian Journal of Hepato-Gastroenterology
  • The Sustainable Goal of Eliminating Hepatitis B, Functional Cure, and the Prospect of NASVAC: A Review [2025]

• European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
  • Global, regional, and national burden of liver cancer due to hepatitis B, 1990-2021 and projections to 2051: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 [2026]

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • Trends and future projections of alcohol-attributable hepatitis B burden in women of childbearing age (1990-2040): a global analysis [2025]
  • Global, regional, and national total burden related to hepatitis B and attributable risk factors in adults aged 65 years and older from 1990 to 2021 and projection to 2030 [2025]
  • Global temporal trends and projections of hepatitis B-related cirrhosis among adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2035: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021 [2025]

• Gastro Hep Advances
  • The Epidemiology, Transmission, Genotypes, Replication, Serologic and Nucleic Acid Testing, Immunotolerance, and Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus [2023]

• Hepatology
  • Global burden of HBV-related liver disease: Primary liver cancer due to chronic HBV infection increased in over one-third of countries globally from 2000 to 2021 [2025]

• Hepatology International
  • Expanding treatment indications in chronic hepatitis B: Should we treat all patients? [2025]

• Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
  • Long-term immune protection after infant hepatitis B vaccination in children [2026]
  • Global, regional, and national burden of chronic hepatitis B, 1990-2021, and projections to 2030: An urgent call for action to achieve hepatitis B elimination goals by 2030 [2026]
  • Mission 2030: Toward universal hepatitis B immunization [2025]

• International Journal of Epidemiology
  • The global burden of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: comparison of country-level prevalence estimates from four research groups [2021]

• Journal of Clinical Virology
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) resistance in people treated with entecavir or tenofovir [2024]

• Journal of Hepatology
  • The 2024 updated WHO guidelines for the prevention and management of chronic hepatitis B: Main changes and potential implications for the next major liver society clinical practice guidelines [2025]
  • Strategies to control hepatitis B: Public policy, epidemiology, vaccine and drugs [2015]

• Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Clearance of Hepatitis B e Antigen in Untreated Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2022]

• Journal of Medical Virology
  • Hepatitis B Virus Genomic Variability & HBV-Related Disease Outcomes: A Molecular Epidemiology Perspective [2025]

• Journal of Viral Hepatitis
  • HBV RNA Predicts the Risk of Off-Treatment Relapse in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With NAs Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2026]
  • Global elimination of HBV: Is it really achievable? [2024]
  • Global prevalence and phylogeny of hepatitis B virus (HBV) drug and vaccine resistance mutations [2021]

• Journal of Virus Eradication
  • Analysis of minimum target prices for production of entecavir to treat hepatitis B in high- and low-income countries [2015]

• Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Natural history of chronic hepatitis B in untreated adults without cirrhosis according to baseline hepatitis B virus DNA and alanine aminotransferase concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2026]
  • Staging liver fibrosis and cirrhosis using non-invasive tests in people with chronic hepatitis B to inform WHO 2024 guidelines: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Service delivery models and care cascade outcomes for people living with chronic hepatitis B: a global systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Scientific and medical evidence informing expansion of hepatitis B treatment guidelines [2025]
  • Patient and public health perspectives to inform expansion of hepatitis B treatment guidelines [2025]
  • A 2024 global report on national policy, programmes, and progress towards hepatitis B elimination: findings from 33 hepatitis elimination profiles [2025]
  • Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 [2022]
  • Estimating the proportion of people with chronic hepatitis B virus infection eligible for hepatitis B antiviral treatment worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]

• Lancet Infectious Diseases
  • Requirements for global elimination of hepatitis B: a modelling study [2016]

• Lancet Microbe
  • Hepatitis B virus resistance to nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy: WHO consultation on questions, challenges, and a roadmap for the field [2025]

• Medicine
  • Efficacy and safety of therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials update [2024]

• PharmacoEconomics - Open
  • Are Published Health Economic Models for Chronic Hepatitis B Appropriately Capturing the Benefits of HBsAg Loss? A Systematic Literature Review [2020]

• Renal Failure
  • Optimizing hepatitis B vaccination in chronic kidney disease: a comprehensive scoping review of strategies across CKD stages, dialysis, and transplant populations [2025]

• Sexual Health
  • Hepatitis B prevalence association with sexually transmitted infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]

• Systematic Reviews
  • Antiviral treatment for treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [2019]

• Transplantation
  • Transmission Risk of Intentional Transplantation of Kidneys From Donors With Active Hepatitis B to Recipients Without Active Hepatitis B: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2026]

• Virology Journal
  • Hepatitis surface B antigen clearance induced by long-term tenofovir disoproxil fumarate monotherapy in chronic hepatitis B treatment: a meta-analysis and longitudinal modeling analysis [2025]

• Virus Research
  • Beyond burden: a Quality of Care Index (QCI) assessment of hepatitis B in 204 countries, 1990-2021 [2026]

• World Gastroenterology Organisation
  • World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guideline Hepatitis B: September 2015 [2016]

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Epidemiologic and socioeconomic factors impacting hepatitis B virus and related hepatocellular carcinoma [2022]
  • Correlation between COVID-19 and hepatitis B: A systematic review [2022]

• World Journal of Hepatology
  • Global prevalence of hepatitis B virus serological markers among healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
  • Hepatitis B virus infection in immigrant populations [2015]
  • Hepatitis B in healthcare workers: Transmission events and guidance for management [2015]

Iran

• BMC Public Health
  • Self-reported lifetime Hepatitis B virus testing, and vaccination uptake among people who inject drugs in Iran: a nationwide study in 2020 [2024]

• Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench
  • Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among Iranian high risk groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2018]

• Harm Reduction Journal
  • Hepatitis B virus infection among people who use drugs in Iran: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trend analysis [2020]

• Journal of Education and Health Promotion
  • The efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in Iranian population: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2014]

• Journal of Infection and Public Health
  • Nationwide evaluation of hepatitis medication prescription patterns and costs in hepatitis B and C care [2025]

• Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
  • The frequency, related cause of disease, and treatment of hepatitis B virus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis in Iran [2022]
  • Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection in Iran: a review article [2009]

Iraq

• Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
  • Ten-year analysis of hepatitis B incidence in Iraq [2025]

Ireland

• Health Information and Quality Authority
  • Hepatitis B

• Health Protection Surveillance Centre
  • Hepatitis B

Italy

• Clinical Microbiology and Infection
  • Recommendations for screening, monitoring, prevention, prophylaxis and therapy of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with haematologic malignancies and patients who underwent haematologic stem cell transplantation—a position paper Microbiology and Infection [2017]

• Digestive and Liver Disease
  • Management of Hepatitis B virus infection in patients on treatment with immunosuppressants or immunomodulators: Position Paper of Associazione Italiana Studio del Fegato (AISF), Associazione Italiana di Oncologia Medica (AIOM), Gruppo Italiano per il Trapianto di Midollo Osseo (GITMO), Società Italiana di Reumatologia (SIR), Società Italiana Trapianti d'Organo (SITO), Società Italiana di Gastroenterologia (SIGE), Società Italiana di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali (SIMIT) [2025]

• Expert Review of Vaccines
  • Prevalence of healthcare workers fully vaccinated against hepatitis B without circulating antibodies in Italy and role of age at baseline cycle vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Trends in chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Italy over a 10-year period: Clues from the nationwide PITER and MASTER cohorts toward elimination [2023]

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
  • Lessons learnt over two decades of vaccination against hepatitis B in Italy [2015]

• Minerva Gastroenterology
  • Prophylaxis of HBV reinfection and disease in liver transplanted patients: 2024 update on the role of HBIG and cost-effectiveness evaluation [2025]

• New Microbiologica
  • The impact of viral molecular diversity on the clinical presentation and outcome of acute hepatitis B in Italy [2015]

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Epidemiological and clinical aspects of hepatitis B virus infection in Italy over the last 50 years [2022]

Japan

• Digestive Diseases
  • Chronic Hepatitis B Costs and Healthcare Resource Utilization in a Japanese Patient Population: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis [2025]
  • Characteristics and Healthcare Costs in the Aging Hepatitis B Population of Japan: A Nationwide Real-World Analysis [2022]

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Hepatitis B virus reactivation associated with antirheumatic therapy: Risk and prophylaxis recommendations [2015]

Jordan

• Journal of Virus Eradication
  • Hepatitis B care pathway in Jordan: current situation, gaps and recommended actions [2020]

Kazakhstan

• Immunity, Inflammation and Disease
  • Antibodies to Hepatitis B core antigen prevalence study in Kazakhstan [2023]

Kenya

• Frontiers in Public Health
  • The burden of Hepatitis B virus infection in Kenya: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

• PLoS ONE
  • Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Kenya: A study nested in the Kenya Population-based HIV Impact Assessment 2018 [2024]

Kiribati

• Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal
  • A programme to treat chronic hepatitis B in Kiribati: progress and challenges [2020]

Kyrgyzstan

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Nationwide representative serosurvey of third-grade school children to evaluate the hepatitis B vaccination impact in Kyrgyzstan, 2022 [2025]

Laos

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Seroprevalence of chronic hepatitis B, as determined from dried blood spots, among children and their mothers in central Lao People's Democratic Republic: a multistage, stratified cluster sampling survey [2015]

• PLoS ONE
  • Chronic Hepatitis B Prevalence among Children and Mothers: Results from a Nationwide, Population-Based Survey in Lao People's Democratic Republic [2014]

Low and middle income countries

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Prevalence and geo-clinicodemographic factors associated with hepatitis B vaccination among healthcare workers in five developing countries [2022]
  • Economic evaluations of HBV testing and treatment strategies and applicability to low and middle-income countries [2017]

• Journal of Viral Hepatitis
  • Prevalence of hepatitis B virus amongst refugees, asylum seekers and internally displaced persons in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review [2023]

Malaysia

• BMC Health Services Research
  • Economic impact of switching from partially combined vaccine "Pentaxim® and hepatitis B" to fully combined vaccine "Hexaxim®" in the Malaysian National Immunization Program [2022]

• Malaysian Society of Infectious Diseases & Chemotherapy
  • Hepatitis B

• Ministry of Health Malaysia
  • Management of Chronic Hepatitis B in Adults [2022]

Maldives

• Ministry of Health Maldives
  • National Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Hepatitis B [2021]

Maldives, Sri Lanka

• WHO South-East Asia Region
  • Achieving the hepatitis B control goal – successful journeys in Maldives and Sri Lanka: The path towards elimination [2025]

Mediterranean countries

• BioMed Research International
  • A Systematic Review of the Current Hepatitis B Viral Infection and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Situation in Mediterranean Countries [2020]

Mexico

• Annals of Hepatology
  • Hepatitis B infection in Mexican adults: Results of a nationally representative survey [2022]

• Hepatology International
  • A low steady HBsAg seroprevalence is associated with a low incidence of HBV-related liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Mexico: a systematic review [2009]

• Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition)
  • Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología A.C. Clinical guideline on hepatitis B [2021]

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • HBV endemicity in Mexico is associated with HBV genotypes H and G [2013]

Middle East

• Clinical Liver Disease
  • Regional Epidemiology, Burden, and Management of Hepatitis B Virus in the Middle East [2020]

Middle East, North Africa

• Pathogens
  • Hepatitis B Virus Molecular Epidemiology, Host-Virus Interaction, Coinfection, and Laboratory Diagnosis in the MENA Region: An Update [2019]

Morocco

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatitis B surface antigen seroprevalence in Morocco (2000-2024): a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

Myanmar

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in the general population of Myanmar via nationwide study [2020]

• Ministry of Health Myanmar
  • National Simplified Treatment Guidelines of Viral Hepatitis B Infection [2019]

Nepal

• Pathophysiology
  • Evaluation of Five International HBV Treatment Guidelines: Recommendation for Resource-Limited Developing Countries Based on the National Study in Nepal [2020]

New Zealand

• Health New Zealand
  • Hepatitis B - Immunisation Handbook
  • Hepatitis B

• Immunisation Advisory Centre
  • Hepatitis B

Nigeria

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data published between 2010 and 2019 [2021]

North Korea

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
  • Fighting Hepatitis B in North Korea: Feasibility of a Bi-modal Prevention Strategy [2015]

Norway

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in Norway [2019]

Oman

• American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
  • Progress toward Elimination of Hepatitis B Virus Transmission in Oman: Impact of Hepatitis B Vaccination [2013]

Pakistan

• Virology Journal
  • Hepatitis B virus in Pakistan: A systematic review of prevalence, risk factors, awareness status and genotypes [2011]
  • An overview of treatment response rates to various anti-viral drugs in Pakistani Hepatitis B Virus infected patients [2011]

Papua New Guinea

• American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
  • Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroprevalence among Children in Papua New Guinea, 2012–2013 [2015]

Philippines

• Department of Health Philippines
  • Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hepatitis B in the Philippines [2021]

• Hepatology Society of the Philippines
  • Management of Patients with Hepatitis B in Special Populations [2020]

• World Journal of Hepatology
  • Hepatitis B infection among adults in the Philippines: A national seroprevalence study [2013]

Poland

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Significant proportion of acute hepatitis B in Poland in 2010–2014 attributed to hospital transmission: combining surveillance and public registries data [2018]

• Clinical and Experimental Hepatology
  • Prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection reactivation – recommendations of the Working Group for prevention of HBV reactivation [2019]
  • Recommendations for the treatment of hepatitis B in 2017 [2017]

• Medicina
  • Trends in the Incidence of Acute Hepatitis B in the Polish Population and Their Determinants [2021]

Qatar

• Pathogens
  • Demographics and Epidemiology of Hepatitis B in the State of Qatar: A Five-Year Surveillance-Based Incidence Study [2019]

Republic of Korea

• Biologicals
  • A collaborative study to establish the second national standard for hepatitis B immunoglobulin in Korea [2023]

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
  • Paths toward hepatitis B immunization in South Korea and Taiwan [2013]

• Epidemiology and Health
  • Changes in seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and epidemiologic characteristics in the Republic of Korea, 1998-2013 [2015]

• Gut and Liver
  • Predictive Value of Antiviral Effects in the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the General Korean Population with Chronic Hepatitis B [2016]

• International Journal of Molecular Sciences
  • Association of preS/S Mutations with Occult Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection in South Korea: Transmission Potential of Distinct Occult HBV Variants [2015]

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
  • Comparative Renal Safety of Tenofovir Alafenamide vs. Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Chronic Hepatitis B: A Korean Nationwide Study [2026]
  • Comparative Renal Safety of Besifovir Dipivoxil Maleate and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: Insights From a Nationwide Cohort Study [2025]
  • Clinical Effect of Hepatitis B Virus on COVID-19 Infected Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Study Using the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service Database [2022]

• Korean Association for the Study of the Liver
  • KASL clinical practice guidelines for management of chronic hepatitis B [2022]

• Korean Journal of Internal Medicine
  • Changes in the prevalence of hepatitis B and metabolic abnormalities among young men in Korea [2022]
  • The epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in Korea [2019]

• Medicine
  • Ten-Year Changes in the Hepatitis B Prevalence in the Birth Cohorts in Korea [2015]

• PLoS ONE
  • Association between chronic hepatitis B infection and COVID-19 outcomes: A Korean nationwide cohort study [2021]

• Scientific Reports
  • Nationwide analysis of renal outcomes in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with Tenofovir Alafenamide vs. Entecavir [2025]

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Hepatitis B virus mutations related to liver disease progression of Korean patients [2014]

Romania

• Viruses
  • Hepatitis B Prevalence and Referral Rates in Vulnerable Populations Undergoing Community-Based Screening-Results from the LIVE(RO)2 Program [2024]

Russia

• PLoS ONE
  • Impact of Universal Hepatitis B Vaccination on Prevalence, Infection-Associated Morbidity and Mortality, and Circulation of Immune Escape Variants in Russia [2016]

Saudi Arabia

• Cureus
  • Revealing Hepatitis B Virus as a Silent Killer: A Call-to-Action for Saudi Arabia [2021]

• Infection, Genetics and Evolution
  • Functional annotation of HBV-associated host genetic variants in the Saudi population: A bioinformatic analysis for precision hepatitis B research [2026]

• Journal of Infection and Public Health
  • A tool to measure the economic impact of Hepatitis B elimination: A case study in Saudi Arabia [2020]

• Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology
  • SASLT practice guidelines for the management of Hepatitis B virus – An update [2021]
  • SASLT Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hepatitis B Virus [2014]

• Saudi Medical Journal
  • Hepatitis B care pathway in Saudi Arabia: Current situation, gaps and actions [2019]

Sierra Leone

• American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
  • Prevalence of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Sierra Leone, 1997-2022: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2023]

Singapore

• Communicable Diseases Agency
  • Hepatitis B

South Africa

• BMC Public Health
  • Prevalence and incidence rates of laboratory-confirmed hepatitis B infection in South Africa, 2015 to 2019 [2022]

• Pan African Medical Journal
  • The epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed Hepatitis B Virus infection in the general population of South Africa, 2016-2018 [2024]

• PLOS Global Public Health
  • Hepatitis B infection status among South Africans attending public health facilities over a five-year period: 2015 to 2019 [2023]

South Asia

• PLoS ONE
  • Low Hepatitis B vaccination rates among medical students in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

Spain

• Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition)
  • Consensus document of the Spanish Association for Study of the Liver on the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection (2020) [2020]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• Lancet Global Health
  • Risk of early horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus in children of uninfected mothers in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]

• Liver International
  • Prevalence of liver cirrhosis in individuals with hepatitis B virus infection in sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]

• Nature Communications
  • Systematic review and individual-patient-data meta-analysis of non-invasive fibrosis markers for chronic hepatitis B in Africa [2023]

• PLoS ONE
  • Seroprevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus infection among healthcare workers in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030? [2021]

Sudan

• JGH Open
  • Occult hepatitis B virus infection in Sudan: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

Sweden

• Hepatology Communications
  • Chronic hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by age and country of origin in people living in Sweden: A national register study [2022]

• Virology Journal
  • Hepatitis B associated with severe COVID-19: a nationwide cohort study in Sweden [2025]

Switzerland

• Swiss Medical Weekly
  • The current and future burden of hepatitis B in Switzerland: a modelling study [2023]

Taiwan

• Clinical and Molecular Hepatology
  • Global strategies and actions to eliminate hepatitis B virus infection [2025]

• JAMA Network Open
  • Association of Nationwide Hepatitis B Vaccination and Antiviral Therapy Programs With End-Stage Liver Disease Burden in Taiwan [2022]

• Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
  • Taiwan consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B [2018]

Tajikistan

• Vaccine
  • Substantial decline in hepatitis B virus infections following vaccine introduction in Tajikistan [2015]

Tanzania

• Journal of Tropical Medicine
  • Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Tanzania: Current Status and Challenges [2018]

Thailand

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Thailand: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2016]

• PLoS ONE
  • The Success of a Universal Hepatitis B Immunization Program as Part of Thailand’s EPI after 22 Years’ Implementation [2016]

• Scientific Reports
  • Significant reduction in Hepatitis B virus infections following 32 years of universal Hepatitis B vaccination as part of EPI, Thailand [2025]

Türkiye

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Age- and region-specific hepatitis B prevalence in Turkey estimated using generalized linear mixed models: a systematic review [2011]

• Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of oral anti-viral drugs used for treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Turkey [2015]

• EuroSurveillance
  • Trends of hepatitis B notification rates in Turkey, 1990 to 2012 [2013]

• Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology
  • A National Multicenter Study on Initial Antiviral Treatment Preferences on Chronic Hepatitis B: Entecavir Versus Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate [2025]
  • Recommendations for Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin and Antiviral Prophylaxis Against Hepatitis B Recurrence After Liver Transplantation [2021]
  • Diagnosis, management and treatment of hepatitis B virus infection: Turkey 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines [2017]

Uganda

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • The epidemiology of hepatitis b virus infection in Uganda after two decades of vaccination: a meta-analysis and meta-regression [2025]

United Kingdom

• British Journal of General Practice
  • Navigating past and current hepatitis B infection in primary care [2021]

• British Transplantation Society
  • Guidelines for Hepatitis B & Solid Organ Transplantation [2018]

• International Journal of Epidemiology
  • Cohort Profile: The National Institute for Health Research Health Informatics Collaborative: Hepatitis B Virus (NIHR HIC HBV) research dataset [2023]

• Journal of Viral Hepatitis
  • Estimating Prevalence and Number of People With Chronic Hepatitis B: A Multiplier Method Based on Public Health Surveillance Data in UK (2015-2021) [2025]

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Hepatitis B (chronic): diagnosis and management [2017]
  • Tenofovir disoproxil for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B [2009]

• NHS England
  • Hepatitis B: from diagnosis to understanding, advocacy and challenging stigma [2025]
  • Investigation of hepatitis B infection [2021]

• Public Health England
  • Hepatitis B: vaccine recommendations during supply constraints
  • Acute hepatitis B: guide to national enhanced surveillance

• Public Health Scotland
  • Hepatitis B

• Right Decisions
  • Hepatitis B Reactivation
  • Hepatitis B Infection Assessment and Management in Adults

• UK Health Security Agency
  • Hepatitis B in England 2024 [2024]
  • Hepatitis B in England – 2023 report [2023]
  • Hepatitis B: the green book, chapter 18
  • Hepatitis B: migrant health guide
  • Hepatitis B: guidance, data and analysis
  • Hepatitis B vaccine for at-risk infants aide memoire
  • Hepatitis B dried blood spot (DBS) testing for children

• Value in Health
  • Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Alternative Antiviral Strategies for the Treatment of HBeAg-Positive and HBeAg-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B in the United Kingdom [2015]

United States

• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
  • Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: A Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [2020]

• Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
  • An expert consensus for the management of chronic hepatitis B in Asian Americans [2018]

• American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
  • AASLD ISDA Practice Guideline on treatment of chronic hepatitis B [2026]
  • Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance [2018]
  • AASLD guidelines for treatment of chronic hepatitis B [2016]
  • Chronic Hepatitis B

• American College of Physicians
  • Hepatitis B Vaccination, Screening, and Linkage to Care: Best Practice Advice From the American College of Physicians and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [2017]

• American Gastroenterological Association
  • AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on the Prevention and Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in At-Risk Individuals [2025]
  • American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B virus reactivation during immunosuppressive drug therapy [2015]
  • American Gastroenterological Association Institute Technical Review on Prevention and Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation During Immunosuppressive Drug Therapy [2015]

• American Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Prevalence of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States [2020]

• American Journal of Managed Care
  • The Hepatitis B Care Cascade Using Administrative Claims Data, 2016 [2020]

• American Society of Transplantation
  • Solid Organ Transplantation From Hepatitis B Virus–Positive Donors: Consensus Guidelines for Recipient Management [2015]

• BMC Nephrology
  • Chronic hepatitis B virus infection increases the risk of kidney disease while antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus can decrease kidney disease risk [2025]

• BMC Research Notes
  • Management of infants born to women infected with hepatitis B in the military healthcare system [2013]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Updated Recommendation for Universal Hepatitis B Vaccination in Adults Aged 19–59 Years — United States, 2024 [2024]
  • Screening and Testing for Hepatitis B Virus Infection: CDC Recommendations — United States, 2023 [2023]
  • Universal Hepatitis B Vaccination in Adults Aged 19–59 Years: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2022 [2022]
  • Unexpected Hepatitis B Virus Infection After Liver Transplantation — United States, 2014–2019 [2021]
  • Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection - STI Treatment Guidelines [2021]
  • Prevalence and Trends in Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States, 2015-2018 [2020]
  • Licensure of a Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis, Inactivated Poliovirus, Haemophilus influenzae Type b Conjugate, and Hepatitis B Vaccine, and Guidance for Use in Infants [2020]
  • Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for Use of a Hepatitis B Vaccine with a Novel Adjuvant [2018]
  • Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [2018]
  • Community-Based Services to Improve Testing and Linkage to Care Among Non–U.S.-Born Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection — Three U.S. Programs, October 2014–September 2017 [2018]
  • Access to Treatment for Hepatitis B Virus Infection — Worldwide, 2016 [2018]
  • Hepatitis B | Pink Book
  • Hepatitis B Vaccine Administration
  • Hepatitis B Vaccination
  • Hepatitis B Surveillance
  • Hepatitis B
  • Clinical Care of Hepatitis B

• Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology of Acute Hepatitis B in the United States From Population-Based Surveillance, 2006–2011 [2015]

• Clinical Liver Disease
  • Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States [2018]

• Clinics in Liver Disease
  • WHO Guidelines for Prevention, Care and Treatment of Individuals Infected with HBV: A US Perspective [2019]

• Expert Review of Vaccines
  • Hepatitis B vaccination with HepB-CpG in people living with HIV: a narrative review [2025]

• Gastroenterology & Hepatology
  • Review of Current and Potential Treatments for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection [2021]

• Hepatology
  • An Updated Assessment of Chronic Hepatitis B Prevalence Among Foreign-Born Persons Living in the United States [2021]

• Hepatology Communications
  • Prevalence and awareness of Hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: January 2017 - March 2020 [2023]

• JAMA Network Open
  • Prevalence of Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage and Serologic Evidence of Immunity Among US-Born Children and Adolescents From 1999 to 2016 [2020]

• Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
  • Disparities in Social Vulnerability and Premature Mortality among Decedents with Hepatitis B, United States, 2010-2019 [2025]

• Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
  • Management of Chronic Hepatitis B: An Overview of Practice Guidelines for Primary Care Providers [2015]

• Journal of Viral Hepatitis
  • The Current Burden of Hepatitis B in the United States: A State, Territorial, and County Modelling Analysis [2026]
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions to Improve Retention in Care for Chronic Hepatitis B in the United States [2026]
  • Modelling the potential impact of global hepatitis B vaccination on the burden of chronic hepatitis B in the United States [2024]

• Nurse Practitioner
  • Overview of chronic hepatitis B management [2025]

• Sexually Transmitted Diseases
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Testing and Vaccination of Adults Seeking Care for Sexually Transmitted Infections [2022]

• StatPearls
  • Hepatitis B Vaccine

• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
  • Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults [2020]

• Vaccine
  • Cost-effectiveness of a 3-antigen versus single-antigen vaccine for the prevention of hepatitis B in adults in the United States [2023]

Uzbekistan

• Vaccine
  • Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection among children in Uzbekistan: Impact of vaccination [2025]

Vietnam

• International Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • The cost-effectiveness of universal hepatitis B screening in Vietnam [2026]

Western countries

• Journal of Viral Hepatitis
  • Knowledge and Perceptions of Hepatitis B in Immigrant Populations: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Research [2025]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Policy brief – Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, care and treatment for people with chronic hepatitis B infection [2024]
  • Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, care and treatment for people with chronic hepatitis B infection [2024]
  • Immunoassays to detect hepatitis B virus surface antigen [2023]
  • Rapid diagnostic tests to detect hepatitis B surface antigen [2022]
  • In vitro diagnostic medical devices used for the quantitative detection of Hepatitis B DNA [2022]
  • Hepatitis B vaccines: WHO position paper – July 2017 [2017]
  • Collaborative study to evaluate the proposed WHO 4th International Standard for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA for Nucleic Acid Amplification Technique (NAT) based assays [2016]
  • Guidelines for the prevention, care and treatment of persons with chronic hepatitis B infection [2015]
  • Documenting the impact of Hepatitis B immunization: best practices for conducting a serosurvey [2011]
  • Collaborative study to evaluate the proposed 3rd WHO international standards for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) for Nucleic Acid Amplification Technology (NAT)-Based Assays [2011]
  • Collaborative study to establish a World Health Organization international Hepatitis B virus genotype panel for HBsAG Assays [2011]
  • Collaborative study to establish a World Health Organization international genotype panel for hepatitis B virus nucleic acid amplication technique (NAT)-based assays [2009]
  • Hepatitis B: Fact sheet
  • Hepatitis B (WHO Mortality Database)
  • Hepatitis B (HepB3) immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%)

WHO South-East Asia Region

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Progress Toward Hepatitis B Control — South-East Asia Region, 2016–2019 [2020]

• WHO South-East Asia Region
  • Fourth Consultation of the Regional Expert Panel for Verification of Hepatitis B Control in the South-East Asia Region, Mumbai, India 16–18 January 2024 [2024]
  • First consultation of the Regional Expert Panel for verification of Hepatitis B Control in the South-East Asia Region New Delhi, India, 28–29 May 2019 [2020]

WHO Western Pacific Region

• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • Hepatitis B control: country profile 2023 [2024]
  • Fifth Hepatitis B Expert Resource Panel Consultation, Manila, Philippines, 15-17 February 2017 : meeting report [2017]

Zambia

• PLoS ONE
  • Eligibility for hepatitis B antiviral therapy among adults in the general population in Zambia [2020]

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