Hepatitis

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Hepatitis E

Africa

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • A systematic review of the epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in Africa [2014]

Americas

• PLoS ONE
  • Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in the Americas: Estimates from a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]

Australia

• NSW Health
  • Hepatitis E control guideline

• Pathology
  • Hepatitis E virus: do locally acquired infections in Australia necessitate laboratory testing in acute hepatitis patients with no overseas travel history? [2015]

• Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal
  • Hepatitis E in a food handler – a rapid risk assessment to guide the public health response [2014]

Austria

• PLoS ONE
  • Hepatitis E Virus Seroprevalence in Austrian Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study among Civilians and Military Professionals [2014]

Belgium

• EuroSurveillance
  • Epidemiology and genotype 3 subtype dynamics of hepatitis E virus in Belgium, 2010 to 2017 [2019]

Brazil

• Animals
  • Systematic Review of Hepatitis E Virus in Brazil: A One-Health Approach of the Human-Animal-Environment Triad [2021]

• Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
  • Hepatitis E virus infection in Brazil: results of laboratory-based surveillance from 1998 to 2013 [2015]

Canada

• Government of Alberta
  • Alberta public health disease management guidelines : hepatitis E

• Public Health Agency of Canada
  • Hepatitis E virus

Central African Republic

• Emerging Infectious Diseases
  • Imported Hepatitis E Virus, Central African Republic, 2011 [2013]
  • Hepatitis E, Central African Republic [2008]

China

• Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
  • Health economic evaluation of immunization strategies of hepatitis E vaccine for elderly population [2017]

• PLoS ONE
  • Acute, Recent and Past HEV Infection among Voluntary Blood Donors in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2016]
  • Epidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus in China: Results from the Third National Viral Hepatitis Prevalence Survey, 2005–2006 [2014]

• Virology Journal
  • Current knowledge on the epidemiology and detection methods of hepatitis E virus in China [2024]

Croatia

• Pathogens
  • Hepatitis E Virus in Croatia in the “One-Health” Context [2021]

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Insights into hepatitis E virus epidemiology in Croatia [2022]

Cuba

• Emerging Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 1, Cuba [2008]

Developing countries

• Viruses
  • Transmission of Hepatitis E Virus in Developing Countries [2016]

Europe

• European Association for the Study of the Liver
  • Screening of blood donations for hepatitis E virus (HEV) [2019]
  • EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on hepatitis E virus infection [2018]

• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
  • Options for national testing and surveillance for hepatitis E virus in the EU/EEA - Operational guidance [2019]
  • Hepatitis E in the EU/EEA, 2005-2015 [2017]
  • Hepatitis E

• European Medicines Agency
  • Viral safety of plasma-derived medicinal products with respect to hepatitis E virus - Scientific guideline

• European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition
  • Hepatitis E in Children: A Position Paper by the ESPGHAN Hepatology Committee [2016]

• European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
  • Global vaccination against hepatitis E virus: position paper from the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Viral Hepatitis Study Group [2025]

• EuroSurveillance
  • Hepatitis E virus infection in Europe: surveillance and descriptive epidemiology of confirmed cases, 2005 to 2015 [2017]
  • Hepatitis E and blood donation safety in selected European countries: a shift to screening? [2017]

• International Journal of Molecular Sciences
  • Epidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus in European Countries [2015]

• Journal of Clinical Virology
  • Hepatitis E virus: Assessment of the epidemiological situation in humans in Europe, 2014/15 [2016]

• Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy
  • Blood Donor Screening for Hepatitis E Virus in the European Union [2019]

• Viruses
  • The Re-Emergence of Hepatitis E Virus in Europe and Vaccine Development [2023]
  • Hepatitis E Seroprevalence in Europe: A Meta-Analysis [2016]

Germany

• Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
  • Hepatitis E in Germany—an Under-Reported Infectious Disease [2014]

• Emerging Microbes & Infections
  • Molecular epidemiology and genotype-specific disease severity of hepatitis E virus infections in Germany, 2010-2019 [2022]

• EuroSurveillance
  • Hepatitis E virus infections in German blood donors: results of 8 years of screening, 2015 to 2022 [2024]
  • Case-control study on risk factors for acute hepatitis E in Germany, 2012 to 2014 [2018]
  • Hepatitis E in blood donors: investigation of the natural course of asymptomatic infection, Germany, 2011 [2016]

Germany, Portugal

• Journal of Viral Hepatitis
  • Evaluating the prevalence of Hepatitis E virus infection in a large cohort of European blood donors, 2015-2018 [2022]

Ghana

• Infectious Diseases of Poverty
  • Hepatitis E infection among Ghanaians: a systematic review [2017]

International

• BMC Public Health
  • Systematic review of global hepatitis E outbreaks to inform response and coordination initiatives [2023]

• Food and Environmental Virology
  • Hepatitis E Virus in Water Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2022]

• Journal of Infection
  • Global temporal trends and projections of acute hepatitis E incidence among women of childbearing age: Age-period-cohort analysis 2021 [2024]

• Liver International
  • The global epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]

• Pathogens
  • Hepatitis E Virus Infection: Circulation, Molecular Epidemiology, and Impact on Global Health [2020]

• PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
  • Hepatitis E should be considered a neglected tropical disease [2019]

• Viruses
  • Hepatitis E Virus Infections: Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity, and Clinical Considerations [2023]

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Hepatitis E virus: Epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and treatment [2020]
  • Hepatitis E: Discovery, global impact, control and cure [2016]

• World Journal of Virology
  • Hepatitis E virus infection: Epidemiology and treatment implications [2015]

Iran

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in Iran [2016]

Ireland

• Health Protection Surveillance Centre
  • Hepatitis E

Israel

• Emerging Infectious Diseases
  • Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies, Israel, 2009–2010 [2015]

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Hepatitis E in Israel: A nation-wide retrospective study [2016]

Italy

• BMJ Open
  • Epidemiology of HEV in the Mediterranean basin: 10-year prevalence in Italy [2015]

• EuroSurveillance
  • Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis E virus infection in blood donors: a nationwide survey in Italy, 2017 to 2019 [2022]
  • Hepatitis E in Italy: 5 years of national epidemiological, virological and environmental surveillance, 2012 to 2016 [2018]

• Journal of Infection and Public Health
  • Hepatitis E in Italy: A silent presence [2017]

Latin America

• Annals of Hepatology
  • Hepatitis E in Latin America [2019]

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Hepatitis E virus: An ancient hidden enemy in Latin America [2016]

Latin America and the Caribbean

• Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
  • Challenges in research and management of hepatitis E virus infection in Cuba, Mexico, and Uruguay [2018]

Low and middle income countries

• Open Forum Infectious Diseases
  • Setting a Course for Preventing Hepatitis E in Low and Lower-Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Burden and Risk Factors [2021]

Malawi

• Emerging Infectious Diseases
  • Seroprevalence for Hepatitis E and Other Viral Hepatitides among Diverse Populations, Malawi [2015]

Middle East

• Medicina
  • Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Middle Eastern Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]

Middle East, North Africa

• Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
  • The burden of Hepatitis E virus in the Middle East and North Africa region: a systematic review [2022]

Namibia

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Notes from the Field: Nationwide Hepatitis E Outbreak Concentrated in Informal Settlements — Namibia, 2017–2020 [2020]

Netherlands

• PLoS ONE
  • Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence and determinants in various study populations in the Netherlands [2018]
  • Hepatitis E prevalence in a sexual high-risk population compared to the general population [2018]

• Transfusion
  • Past and present of hepatitis E in the Netherlands [2014]

Pacific Islands

• Emerging Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatitis E Virus Infection, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, and Kiribati, 2003–2005 [2014]

Republic of Korea

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Seroprevalence in the general population of the Republic of Korea in 2007-2009: a nationwide cross-sectional study [2014]

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
  • A Survey on the Status of Hepatitis E Virus Infection Among Slaughterhouse Workers in South Korea [2015]

Russia

• Viruses
  • Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in the Russian Federation [2022]

South-East Asia

• BMC Infectious Diseases
  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of hepatitis E seroprevalence in Southeast Asia: a comprehensive assessment of epidemiological patterns [2024]

• Virulence
  • A systematic review of the epidemiology of Hepatitis E virus infection in South – Eastern Asia [2021]

South-Eastern Europe

• World Journal of Gastroenterology
  • Epidemiology of hepatitis E in South-East Europe in the "One Health" concept [2019]

Spain

• EuroSurveillance
  • Increasing trends in hepatitis E hospitalisations in Spain, 1997 to 2019 [2024]
  • Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 microbiological surveillance by the Spanish Reference Laboratory: geographic distribution and phylogenetic analysis of subtypes from 2009 to 2019 [2022]

• Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
  • Executive summary: Consensus document of the diagnosis, management and prevention of infection with the hepatitis E virus: Study Group for Viral Hepatitis (GEHEP) of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) [2020]

Sub-Saharan Africa

• One Health
  • Hepatitis E in Sub Saharan Africa – A significant emerging disease [2020]

Switzerland

• EuroSurveillance
  • Current hepatitis E virus seroprevalence in Swiss blood donors and apparent decline from 1997 to 2016 [2018]

• Viruses
  • Prevalence of Acute Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Swiss Blood Donors 2018-2020 [2024]

United Kingdom

• Department of Health and Social Care
  • Protecting patients from getting hepatitis E through transfusion or transplantation

• Epidemiology & Infection
  • Hepatitis E virus in England and Wales: indigenous infection is associated with the consumption of processed pork products [2014]

• EuroSurveillance
  • Hepatitis E virus in blood donors in England, 2016 to 2017: from selective to universal screening [2019]
  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Scotland: evidence of recent increase in viral circulation in humans [2018]

• Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology of Hepatitis E in England and Wales: A 10-Year Retrospective Surveillance Study, 2008-2017 [2019]

• Public Health England
  • Hepatitis E: symptoms, transmission, prevention, treatment
  • Hepatitis E: health protection response to reports of infection
  • Hepatitis E: guidance, data and analysis

• Public Health Scotland
  • Annual summary of Hepatitis E infections

• Royal College of Pathologists
  • Screening and monitoring for hepatitis E infection [2018]

United States

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Hepatitis E Basics

• Journal of Infectious Diseases
  • Decline in Hepatitis E Virus Antibody Prevalence in the United States From 1988–1994 to 2009–2010 [2014]

WHO

• World Health Organization
  • Hepatitis E virus: background document for the WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality and the WHO guidelines on sanitation and health [2025]
  • Recommendations to assure the quality, safety and efficacy of recombinant Hepatitis E vaccines, Annex 2, TRS No 1016 [2019]
  • Collaborative study to establish a World Health Organization international standard for Hepatitis E virus RNA for Nucleic Acid Amplification Technology (NAT)-Based Assays [2011]
  • The global prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection and susceptibility: a systematic review [2010]
  • Hepatitis E: Fact sheet

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Hepatitis