Labor, delivery, postpartum

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Cerebral palsy

Arab countries

• Brain Sciences
  • Epidemiology of Cerebral Palsy among Children and Adolescents in Arabic-Speaking Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]

Australia

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Barriers and enablers to implementing antenatal magnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection guidelines: a study using the theoretical domains framework [2015]

• Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
  • Declining trends in birth prevalence and severity of singletons with cerebral palsy of prenatal or perinatal origin in Australia: A population-based observational study [2022]
  • Perinatal care with a view to preventing cerebral palsy [2021]
  • Cerebral palsy trends in Australia (1995–2009): a population-based observational study [2019]

• Journal of Clinical Medicine
  • Early Diagnosis and Classification of Cerebral Palsy: An Historical Perspective and Barriers to an Early Diagnosis [2019]

• SA Health
  • Magnesium Sulphate for Neuroprotection of the Fetus in Women at Risk of Preterm Birth

Australia, Europe

• Journal of Pediatrics
  • Severe Congenital Heart Defects and Cerebral Palsy [2023]

Canada

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Magnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection: benefits and challenges of a systematic knowledge translation project in Canada [2015]

• Canadian Cerebral Palsy Registry
  • Risk Factors for Term-Born Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Case-Control Study [2024]
  • Cerebral palsy characteristics in term-born children with and without detectable perinatal risk factors: A cross-sectional study [2024]
  • Development of a Bedside Tool to Predict the Diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy in Term-Born Neonates [2023]
  • Risk Factors for Term-Born Periventricular White Matter Injury in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Case-Control Study [2022]
  • Cerebral palsy in Canadian Indigenous children [2021]
  • Losing a diagnosis of cerebral palsy: a comparison of variables at 2 and 5 years [2020]
  • Cerebral palsy after neonatal encephalopathy: do neonates with suspected asphyxia have worse outcomes? [2016]

• Canadian Paediatric Society
  • Care for children and youth with cerebral palsy (GMFCS levels III to V) [2023]

• Implementation Science
  • MAGnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection to prevent Cerebral Palsy (MAG-CP)—implementation of a national guideline in Canada [2018]

• Perinatal Services BC
  • Magnesium Sulphate for Neuroprotection

• Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
  • Magnesium Sulphate for Fetal Neuroprotection [2019]

China

• Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Increasing prevalence of cerebral palsy among children and adolescents in China 1988–2020: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]

Denmark

• Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
  • Increasing prevalence of cerebral palsy in children born very preterm in Denmark [2024]
  • Declining prevalence of cerebral palsy in children born at term in Denmark [2022]

• PLoS ONE
  • Risk of childhood cerebral palsy following prenatal exposure to ß2-adrenergic receptor agonist: A nationwide cohort study [2018]

Developed countries

• Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
  • A systematic review of risk factors for cerebral palsy in children born at term in developed countries [2012]

France

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Antenatal magnesium sulphate administration for fetal neuroprotection: a French national survey [2017]

High-income countries

• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus [2024]

India

• Indian Academy of Pediatrics
  • Cerebral Palsy [2022]

International

• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  • Neonatal interventions for preventing cerebral palsy: an overview of Cochrane Systematic Review [2018]
  • Antenatal and intrapartum interventions for preventing cerebral palsy: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews [2017]

• Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
  • Global prevalence of cerebral palsy: A systematic analysis [2022]
  • International expert recommendations of clinical features to prompt referral for diagnostic assessment of cerebral palsy [2020]

• Indian Journal of Medical Ethics
  • Cerebral palsy litigation after fifty years: A hoax on you [2020]

• Journal of Perinatal Medicine
  • Antenatal magnesium sulfate for fetal neuroprotection: a critical appraisal and systematic review of clinical practice guidelines [2018]

• Medicine
  • Investigating the association between maternal age and cerebral palsy incidence: A meta-analysis [2025]

Japan

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Fetal heart rate evolution patterns in cerebral palsy associated with umbilical cord complications: a nationwide study [2022]

• Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
  • Weekend and off-hour effects on the incidence of cerebral palsy: contribution of consolidated perinatal care [2020]

• Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research
  • Risk factors for cerebral palsy in neonates due to placental abruption [2021]

• PLoS ONE
  • Relevant Obstetric Factors for Cerebral Palsy: From the Nationwide Obstetric Compensation System in Japan [2016]

Kazakhstan

• Heliyon
  • Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in the Republic of Kazakhstan: Incidence and risk factors [2023]

Moldova

• Medicina
  • Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy in Moldova [2021]

New Zealand

• Starship
  • Classification Systems for Cerebral Palsy

Norway

• Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
  • Cerebral palsy in children born after assisted reproductive technology in Norway: Risk, prevalence, and clinical characteristics [2023]

• BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • Prelabor rupture of membranes and the association with cerebral palsy in term born children: a national registry-based cohort study [2020]

• European Journal of Paediatric Neurology
  • Decreasing prevalence and severity of cerebral palsy in Norway among children born 1999 to 2010 concomitant with improvements in perinatal health [2018]

• Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Association of placental and umbilical cord characteristics with cerebral palsy: national cohort study [2023]

Republic of Korea

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
  • Cerebral Palsy Rate of Very Low Birth Weight Infants Born at 36 Weeks of Gestation [2019]

• Scientific Reports
  • Declining incidence of cerebral palsy in South Korea [2023]

• Yonsei Medical Journal
  • Incidence of Cerebral Palsy in Korea and the Effect of Socioeconomic Status: A Population-Based Nationwide Study [2018]

Sweden

• Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
  • A follow up on the feasibility after national implementation of magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection prior to preterm birth [2023]

• Acta Paediatrica
  • The panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden part XIII shows declining prevalence in birth-years 2011-2014 [2023]

• BMJ
  • Five and 10 minute Apgar scores and risks of cerebral palsy and epilepsy: population based cohort study in Sweden [2018]

Taiwan

• International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  • Prevalence and Initial Diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy in Preterm and Term-Born Children in Taiwan: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study [2021]

United Kingdom

• Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition
  • National PReCePT Programme: a before-and-after evaluation of the implementation of a national quality improvement programme to increase the uptake of magnesium sulfate in preterm deliveries [2023]

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  • Cerebral palsy in children and young people [2017]
  • Selective dorsal rhizotomy for spasticity in cerebral palsy [2010]

• NHS England
  • Commissioning framework for children and young people with cerebral palsy [2025]
  • PreCept Guideline [2019]

United States

• American Academy of Pediatrics
  • Providing a Primary Care Medical Home for Children and Youth With Cerebral Palsy [2022]
  • Cerebral Palsy

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
  • Neonatal Encephalopathy and Neurologic Outcome [2014]

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Cerebral Palsy

• Journal of Clinical Medicine
  • Forensic Analysis of Umbilical and Newborn Blood Gas Values for Infants at Risk of Cerebral Palsy [2021]

• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • What we learned about the role of antenatal magnesium sulfate for the prevention of cerebral palsy [2016]
  • Effect of magnesium sulfate administration for neuroprotection on latency in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes [2015]
  • Antenatal Magnesium and Cerebral Palsy in Preterm Infants [2015]
  • Cerebral Palsy

• Pediatrics
  • Network Implementation of Guideline for Early Detection Decreases Age at Cerebral Palsy Diagnosis [2020]

{Related topics}

• Topic
  • Newborn nervous system diseases
  • Labor, delivery